Q140. If nominal GDP equals ₹3,000 and the GDP deflator equals 150, how much is real GDP?
[HTET PGT Economics 2024 (exam held in 2025)]
A. ₹4,500
B. ₹2,000
C. ₹20
D. ₹1,500
Answer: B. ₹2,000
Explanation: The deflator is nominal GDP divided by real GDP, multiplied by one hundred. Consequently real GDP equals 3,000 divided by 1.5, or ₹2,000. The distinction between price level and output volume is crucial.
Q139. Which item is normally excluded from national income as a current-production factor payment?
[HTET PGT Economics 2024 (exam held in 2025)]
A. Employer’s social-security contribution
B. Employee bonus
C. Gratuity
D. Government old-age pension
Answer: D. Government old-age pension
Explanation: A government old-age pension is generally a transfer payment rather than remuneration for production in the current period. Compensation such as wages, employer contributions and bonuses is associated with employment; their treatment may depend on exact accounting definitions.
Q138. Which amount must be deducted from Gross Value Added to determine Net Value Added?
[SSC CHSL (18 November 2025, Shift 1)]
A. Depreciation
B. Net indirect taxes
C. Subsidies
D. Wages
Answer: A. Depreciation
Explanation: Gross value added includes the use of fixed assets consumed during the production year. Deducting depreciation, also called consumption of fixed capital, produces net value added and avoids treating used-up capital as newly available net income.
Q137. The total gross value added of all firms in an economy during a year corresponds to which aggregate in the exam?
[SSC CHSL (14 November 2025, Shift 1)]
A. Gross Domestic Product
B. Net National Product
C. Gross Disposable Income
D. Net National Income
Answer: A. Gross Domestic Product
Explanation: Summing gross value added across resident producers measures aggregate domestic production. Under current market-price conventions, product taxes less subsidies connect basic-price GVA to GDP at market prices; the question uses the usual simplified GDP identification.
Q136. Which Indian state first linked forest ecosystem services to a green-GDP framework, as mentioned in the examination?
[SSC CHSL (14 November 2025, Shift 2)]
A. Bihar
B. Chhattisgarh
C. Kerala
D. Karnataka
Answer: B. Chhattisgarh
Explanation: Chhattisgarh announced an initiative to reflect the contribution of forests and ecosystem services in green-GDP accounting. Green GDP attempts to supplement conventional production measures by considering environmental assets, degradation and ecological contributions not fully captured in marketed output.
Q135. In the 1990–91 historical comparison, India’s gross fiscal deficit had reached about what percentage of GDP?
[SSC CHSL (28 November 2025, Shift 2)]
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 30%
D. 45%
Answer: A. 10%
Explanation: The historical question cites a deficit close to ten percent of GDP at the onset of the 1991 balance-of-payments crisis. Fiscal-deficit ratios compare borrowing requirements with economic output; they are distinct from real GDP growth rates.
Q134. What was the FRBM Act’s original central-government fiscal deficit target as a fraction of GDP?
[SSC CHSL (22 November 2025, Shift 1)]
A. 1%
B. 2%
C. 3%
D. 8%
Answer: C. 3%
Explanation: The original framework envisaged reducing central fiscal deficit toward three percent of GDP, subject to subsequent amendments and pauses. This target is a fiscal-policy ratio and must not be confused with GDP growth or the annual inflation target.
Q133. Under the initial FRBM framework, what was the fiscal-deficit target for 2008–09?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate (3 September 2025, Shift 2)]
A. 4.5% of GDP
B. 5% of GDP
C. 6% of GDP
D. 3% of GDP
Answer: D. 3% of GDP
Explanation: The original fiscal consolidation roadmap sought a central fiscal deficit near three percent of GDP by 2008–09. That timetable and the applicable legal framework evolved later; the PYQ concerns the original target, not a later budget estimate.
Q132. What was India’s external-debt-to-GDP ratio at the end of September 2024, according to the examination?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT I (18 June 2025, Shift 1)]
A. 34%
B. 19.4%
C. 13.4%
D. 24.6%
Answer: B. 19.4%
Explanation: External debt relative to GDP compares liabilities owed to nonresidents with annual domestic output. The cited quarter-end figure was 19.4 percent, which is a debt-stock-to-income-flow ratio rather than the country’s GDP growth rate.
Q131. What 2025 US GDP growth rate did the IMF project in its April 2025 outlook?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT I (20 June 2025, Shift 2)]
A. 2.5%
B. 1.8%
C. 3.4%
D. 3.7%
Answer: B. 1.8%
Explanation: The question refers to an IMF forecast made in April 2025 rather than a realised outcome. The projected 1.8 percent rate reflects an outlook for real economic activity; forecasts can be revised as global assumptions and incoming data change.
