Q180. Who introduced the expression “Hindu rate of growth” in Indian economic discourse?
[SSC GD Constable (29 May 2026, Shift 2)]
A. Montek Singh Ahluwalia
B. Raj Krishna
C. Jagdish Bhagwati
D. Amartya Sen
Answer: B. Raj Krishna
Explanation: Raj Krishna used this expression for the persistently modest rate of expansion of India’s economy over several post-independence decades. It referred to sluggish national output growth, not to the growth rate of any religion or religious population.
Q179. Identify the flow variable among the following.
[SSC GD Constable (31 May 2026, Shift 1)]
A. National income
B. Money supply
C. Capital stock
D. Foreign exchange reserves
Answer: A. National income
Explanation: National income measures production and factor earnings over a defined period, normally a year. The other variables measure quantities existing at a point in time, making them stocks rather than flows in national accounting.
Q178. At which set of prices are goods and services valued while estimating real GDP?
[SSC MTS 2025 (4 February 2026, Shift 3)]
A. A constant set of prices
B. Prices fixed by WTO
C. Prices prescribed by IMF
D. Lowest prices in the economy
Answer: A. A constant set of prices
Explanation: Real GDP applies prices from a reference year to output produced in another period. Holding prices constant removes the impact of general price changes and better reveals actual changes in production volume.
Q177. What economic quantity is represented by GDP?
[Delhi Police Constable (2 January 2026, Shift 3)]
A. Total incomes of nationals worldwide
B. Value of final production within domestic territory
C. Total national saving
D. Total exports
Answer: B. Value of final production within domestic territory
Explanation: Gross domestic product counts final goods and services produced inside an economy during a specified period, whoever owns the producing unit. Resident income received from abroad belongs to national income concepts instead.
Q176. Which item is omitted from GDP to avoid double counting?
[DSSSB MTS (5 May 2026, Shift 1)]
A. Barber’s haircut
B. Corporate legal service
C. Flour bought by a bread bakery
D. A newly built residence
Answer: C. Flour bought by a bread bakery
Explanation: Flour purchased for making bread is an intermediate input. The bread’s final value already embodies that flour, so independently adding the input’s purchase price would count the same value twice.
Q175. GDP refers to which of the following totals?
[Delhi Police Constable (5 January 2026, Shift 1)]
A. Income of every citizen
B. Value of final goods and services produced domestically
C. Aggregate savings
D. Total exports
Answer: B. Value of final goods and services produced domestically
Explanation: GDP is based on production within geographical boundaries, rather than nationality of owners or gross financial flows. Only final output, plus correctly measured value added, enters the aggregate to avoid duplication.
Q174. What did the IMF’s January outlook forecast for world GDP growth in 2025?
[RRB Group D (2 February 2026, Shift 2)]
A. 3.3%
B. 2.8%
C. 4.2%
D. 3.7%
Answer: A. 3.3%
Explanation: This was the IMF projection reported in its January 2025 World Economic Outlook update. Such examination answers are tied to the publication date; a later forecast or actual outturn may differ considerably.
Q173. Which body assessed continuing industrial and services growth in India in May 2025?
[RRB Group D (2 February 2026, Shift 3)]
A. Ministry of Finance
B. NITI Aayog
C. World Bank
D. Reserve Bank of India
Answer: D. Reserve Bank of India
Explanation: The cited macroeconomic assessment was associated with the Reserve Bank of India. Its regular reports examine production, demand and sectoral trends, complementing official national accounts rather than substituting for them.
Q172. What was the fiscal-deficit target for FY2025–26 in the Union Budget 2025–26?
[RRB Group D (6 February 2026, Shift 2)]
A. 5.1% of GDP
B. 4.8% of GDP
C. 3.9% of GDP
D. 4.4% of GDP
Answer: D. 4.4% of GDP
Explanation: The budget targeted a fiscal deficit of 4.4 percent of GDP in 2025–26. The ratio compares the government’s borrowing requirement with overall domestic output, making it a commonly used fiscal sustainability indicator.
Q171. What fiscal deficit, as a share of GDP, was targeted by the FY2026–27 Union Budget?
[RRB Group D (4 August 2026, Shift 3)]
A. 6.0%
B. 5.2%
C. 3.5%
D. 4.3%
Answer: D. 4.3%
Explanation: The budget estimate set the fiscal deficit at 4.3 percent of GDP. Fiscal deficit represents expenditure exceeding revenue receipts and non-debt capital receipts; the GDP denominator contextualizes its size against the economy.