Q150. Immediately after Indian independence, which sector contributed most to GDP?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT I (28 August 2025, Shift 3)]
A. Foreign trade
B. Services
C. Industry
D. Agriculture
Answer: D. Agriculture
Explanation: Agriculture dominated India’s production structure when the country became independent. Manufacturing capacity was comparatively limited and a very large section of the workforce depended on farming, so the primary sector had the largest share of domestic output.
Q149. Which sector contributed the most to India’s GDP over much of the 1947–91 period in the exam’s historical comparison?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT I (4 September 2025, Shift 2)]
A. Services
B. Agriculture
C. Industry
D. Finance
Answer: B. Agriculture
Explanation: The keyed response is agriculture, highlighting the economy’s agrarian structure in much of the post-independence planning era. The wording compresses a long period during which sectoral proportions changed substantially, so it should not be read as a year-by-year claim.
Q148. Which price index converts GNP at current prices into GNP at constant prices?
[DSSSB ASO (21 August 2025, Shift 2)]
A. GDP deflator
B. GNP deflator
C. GNP inflator
D. GDP inflator
Answer: B. GNP deflator
Explanation: The GNP deflator measures changes in the prices of goods and services included in gross national product. Dividing nominal GNP by its deflator, suitably scaled, yields real GNP, separating production changes from movements in the overall price level.
Q147. Which organisation was traditionally responsible for national income estimates in India?
[AP Police Constable Mains (1 June 2025)]
A. Central Statistical Organisation
B. Comptroller and Auditor General
C. Reserve Bank of India
D. Indian Statistical Institute
Answer: A. Central Statistical Organisation
Explanation: The Central Statistical Organisation was the agency historically associated with India’s national-accounts compilation. Following the 2019 reorganisation, the National Statistical Office operates under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation; the PYQ retains the traditional name.
Q146. Which variable is NOT determined directly by the aggregate level of national income?
[DSSSB TGT Natural Science (6 September 2025, Shift 1)]
A. Demand and supply for an individual good
B. Private investment spending
C. Import demand
D. Aggregate consumption
Answer: A. Demand and supply for an individual good
Explanation: Total national income is associated with economy-wide spending and investment, but the demand and supply for any specific product also depend on its own price, substitutes, preferences and production costs. Aggregate income alone cannot uniquely determine both schedules.
Q145. Select the expenditure identity for domestic output in an open economy.
[DSSSB TGT Natural Science (7 September 2025, Shift 3)]
A. Consumption + government spending + investment + exports − imports
B. Consumption + government spending − investment + exports − imports
C. Consumption + government spending + investment − imports − exports
D. Consumption + government spending + investment + imports − exports
Answer: A. Consumption + government spending + investment + exports − imports
Explanation: The expenditure identity adds final consumption, government purchases, investment and exports, then subtracts imports. Imports are deducted because imported expenditure is not domestic production. In strict national accounting this expression gives GDP, while GNI also incorporates net primary income from abroad.
Q144. Which approach estimates national output by compiling the value of products and services generated during the year?
[DSSSB TGT Mathematics (13 November 2025, Shift 1)]
A. Expenditure approach
B. Income approach
C. Value-added approach
D. Output approach
Answer: D. Output approach
Explanation: The output, or production, method starts with the goods and services produced by industries. National accountants avoid counting intermediate inputs twice by summing value added or, equivalently, valuing final output across economic activities.
Q143. What does per-capita income measure?
[IB Security Assistant Executive (29 September 2025, Shift 3)]
A. Total national income divided by population
B. Income generated only through overseas trade
C. Income of cultivators alone
D. Annual individual savings
Answer: A. Total national income divided by population
Explanation: Per-capita income is an average obtained by dividing a national-income aggregate by the population. It facilitates comparisons across locations or periods but conceals inequality and differences in purchasing power or the cost of living.
Q142. Which expression defines per-capita income?
[Delhi Police Constable (22 December 2025, Shift 2)]
A. Average income per household
B. Total aggregate income
C. Aggregate income divided by total population
D. Revenue collected by government
Answer: C. Aggregate income divided by total population
Explanation: Per-capita income allocates an aggregate income total evenly across every resident in the calculation. It is a statistical mean rather than the amount that each person actually receives and is therefore not a distributional indicator.
Q141. Per-capita income is best described as which of the following?
[Delhi Police Constable (27 December 2025, Shift 2)]
A. Country’s total income
B. Average income per person in the country
C. Country’s aggregate savings
D. Total national tax collection
Answer: B. Average income per person in the country
Explanation: Per-capita income expresses average income per resident. A national-income estimate is divided by the population to arrive at the figure; aggregate totals such as savings, government revenue and gross income describe different economic concepts.
