Q70. Which principle receives the greatest emphasis in Jain ethics?
[UPSSSC PET – 2022]
A. Animal sacrifice
B. Ahimsa
C. Ritual bathing
D. Vedic chanting
Answer: B. Ahimsa
Explanation: Jainism interprets ahimsa exceptionally broadly, extending moral concern to animals, plants and minute organisms. Careful behaviour is required to minimize intentional and avoidable injury to life.
Q69. In Jainism, a Tirthankara is best described as:
[RRB Group D – 2022]
A. A royal administrator
B. A spiritual teacher who establishes a path to liberation
C. A sacrificial priest
D. A Buddhist monk
Answer: B. A spiritual teacher who establishes a path to liberation
Explanation: Tirthankaras attain liberation through their own spiritual conquest and reveal the path for others. Hence the term metaphorically means one who constructs a ford across samsara.
Q68. Jain teachings were written down in their present form at which place?
[RRB Group D – 2022]
A. Vallabhi
B. Sarnath
C. Nalanda
D. Kanchipuram
Answer: A. Vallabhi
Explanation: The Śvetāmbara tradition credits the Vallabhi council with arranging the surviving Jain canonical texts into a written corpus after centuries of oral transmission.
Q67. Who was the first Tirthankara of Jainism?
[RRB Group D – 2022]
A. Rishabhanatha
B. Parshvanatha
C. Mahavira
D. Neminatha
Answer: A. Rishabhanatha
Explanation: Rishabhanatha, also known as Rishabhadeva or Adinatha, heads the Jain sequence of twenty-four Tirthankaras and is conventionally represented by the bull emblem.
Q66. The famous Palitana Jain temples are located in which state?
[RRB Group D – 2022]
A. Gujarat
B. Bihar
C. Odisha
D. Karnataka
Answer: A. Gujarat
Explanation: Palitana’s extensive Jain temple complex stands on Shatrunjaya Hill in Gujarat. It is among the most sacred Śvetāmbara pilgrimage destinations and contains hundreds of shrines.
Q65. Who is credited with giving Jainism much of its historically known organized form?
[RRB Group D – 2022]
A. Ashoka
B. Mahavira
C. Kanishka
D. Nagarjuna
Answer: B. Mahavira
Explanation: Mahavira did not originate the Tirthankara tradition; rather, as its twenty-fourth teacher he reorganized, systematized and extensively propagated Jain doctrine and the fourfold community.
Q64. Digambara is a major sect of which religion?
[RRB Group D – 2022]
A. Buddhism
B. Jainism
C. Sikhism
D. Islam
Answer: B. Jainism
Explanation: Jainism’s two major surviving sectarian traditions are Digambara and Śvetāmbara. Their differences concern monastic clothing, scriptures, practices and certain doctrinal or biographical questions.
Q63. Gommateshwara, the colossal statue at Shravanabelagola, represents:
[WBCS Mains – 2022]
A. Mahavira
B. Parshvanatha
C. Bahubali
D. Rishabhanatha
Answer: C. Bahubali
Explanation: The approximately 57-foot monolithic statue depicts Bahubali, son of Rishabhanatha. It was commissioned by Chamundaraya under the Western Ganga dynasty in the tenth century.
Q62. The earliest followers of Mahavira were also known as:
[HP High Court Clerk – 2022]
A. Nigranthas
B. Ajivikas
C. Shakyas
D. Lokayatas
Answer: A. Nigranthas
Explanation: Buddhist and other early sources refer to Mahavira as Nigantha Nataputta and his followers as Niganthas or Nirgranthas, meaning those freed from worldly bonds.
Q61. The Dilwara Jain Temples are situated at:
[DSSSB JSA – 2022]
A. Mount Abu
B. Ajmer
C. Chittorgarh
D. Bikaner
Answer: A. Mount Abu
Explanation: Mount Abu’s Dilwara complex contains five elaborately carved marble Jain temples built through patronage by ministers, merchants and rulers of western India over several centuries.
