Q90. Which statements regarding Jainism are correct?
- Mahavira attained Kaivalya.
- Parshvanatha prescribed four major vows.
[CUET PG History – 2024]
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C. Both 1 and 2
Explanation: Jain tradition credits Mahavira with attaining Kevala Jnana or omniscience. Parshvanatha is associated with four vows, while Mahavira explicitly added Brahmacharya as the fifth.
Q89. Consider the statements:
- Anekāntavāda is an important doctrine of Jain philosophy.
- Syādvāda expresses the conditional nature of judgments.**
[CGPSC Prelims – 2024]
A. Only 1 is correct
B. Only 2 is correct
C. Both are correct
D. Neither is correct
Answer: C. Both are correct
Explanation: Anekāntavāda teaches that reality has multiple aspects. Syādvāda complements it epistemologically by qualifying statements according to particular standpoints rather than asserting absolute one-sided propositions.
2023
Q88. Dev Deepawali at Pawapuri is associated with which event in Jain tradition?
[Delhi Police Constable – 2023]
A. Birth of Mahavira
B. Mahavira’s nirvana
C. Birth of Parshvanatha
D. First Jain Council
Answer: B. Mahavira’s nirvana
Explanation: Pawapuri is revered as the place where Mahavira attained final liberation. Jain Diwali traditions commemorate this nirvana and symbolically celebrate the continuing light of his teachings.
Q87. The teachings of Mahavira were finally compiled in written form at which place in Gujarat?
[UPSSSC PET – 2023]
A. Bharuch
B. Vallabhi
C. Dwarka
D. Junagadh
Answer: B. Vallabhi
Explanation: Vallabhi became a major centre of Jain learning. The Śvetāmbara council held there is associated with the final compilation and preservation of its surviving canonical scriptures.
Q86. What does the Jain term “Jina” mean?
[UPSSSC PET – 2023]
A. The Creator
B. The Conqueror
C. The Priest
D. The Sacrificer
Answer: B. The Conqueror
Explanation: Jina means “conqueror,” specifically one who has conquered passions, attachments and karmic bondage. The term “Jain” denotes a follower of the spiritual path revealed by Jinas.
Q85. The Jain Agamas were primarily composed in which linguistic tradition?
[NCERT LDC – 2023]
A. Persian
B. Prakrit
C. Arabic
D. Tamil only
Answer: B. Prakrit
Explanation: Much early Jain canonical literature was transmitted in Middle Indo-Aryan Prakrits, particularly Ardhamagadhi. This reflected the Jain preference for languages understandable to wider populations.
Q84. Paryushana is celebrated by followers of:
[SSC MTS – 2023]
A. Jainism
B. Sikhism
C. Islam
D. Christianity
Answer: A. Jainism
Explanation: Paryushana emphasizes purification through fasting, scriptural study, meditation and repentance. The observance culminates in forgiveness, expressed through the Jain practice of seeking pardon from others.
Q83. The Mahamastakabhisheka ceremony at Shravanabelagola is generally held once every:
[SSC MTS – 2023]
A. 5 years
B. 8 years
C. 10 years
D. 12 years
Answer: D. 12 years
Explanation: Mahamastakabhisheka is the grand anointing ceremony of the colossal Bahubali statue at Shravanabelagola, traditionally performed approximately once every twelve years with elaborate Jain rituals.
Q82. Mahavira was born in the territory of which Mahajanapada or confederacy?
[SSC CHSL – 2023]
A. Gandhara
B. Vajji
C. Avanti
D. Kamboja
Answer: B. Vajji
Explanation: Kundagrama, Mahavira’s traditional birthplace near Vaishali, belonged to the Vajji confederacy. His Jnatrika clan was politically and matrimonially connected with the powerful Lichchhavis.
Q81. Match the monument with its location: Dilwara Jain Temples — ?
[CRPF Constable – 2023]
A. Sanchi
B. Mount Abu
C. Bodh Gaya
D. Madurai
Answer: B. Mount Abu
Explanation: Dilwara Jain temples are situated near Mount Abu in Rajasthan. Their delicate marble carving made them among India’s most celebrated examples of medieval Jain temple architecture.
