Q130. The theory of Anekāntavāda is principally associated with whom?
[SSC MTS – 2026]
A. Mahavira
B. Vishnugupta
C. Gautama Buddha
D. Samudragupta
Answer: A. Mahavira
Explanation: Anekāntavāda is the Jain doctrine that reality possesses many aspects and cannot be completely described from a single viewpoint. It became fundamental to Jain philosophical thought.
Q129. In Jain philosophy, Samyakcharitra refers to:
[SSC MTS – 2026]
A. Right faith
B. Right conduct
C. Right meditation
D. Right knowledge
Answer: B. Right conduct
Explanation: Samyakcharitra, or Right Conduct, forms one of Jainism’s Three Jewels alongside Right Faith and Right Knowledge. Together they constitute the path leading toward liberation from karmic bondage.
Q128. How many distinct temples are present in the famous Dilwara Jain Temple complex?
[SSC MTS – 2026]
A. 2
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7
Answer: C. 5
Explanation: Dilwara at Mount Abu comprises five principal Jain temples: Vimal Vasahi, Luna Vasahi, Pittalhar, Parshvanath and Mahavir Swami, renowned particularly for intricate marble craftsmanship.
Q127. Deo Deepawali in Bihar is celebrated in Jain tradition to commemorate whose nirvana?
[SSC MTS – 2026]
A. Jesus Christ
B. Guru Nanak
C. Gautama Buddha
D. Mahavira
Answer: D. Mahavira
Explanation: Jain tradition commemorates Mahavira’s attainment of nirvana at Pavapuri on the new-moon night associated with Diwali. Lamps symbolize the continuation of spiritual knowledge after his liberation.
Q126. The classical Tamil work Jivaka Chintamani is associated with which religion?
[MP Police SI – 2026]
A. Hinduism
B. Buddhism
C. Jainism
D. Sikhism
Answer: C. Jainism
Explanation: Civaka Cintamani or Jivaka Chintamani, one of the Five Great Tamil Epics, was composed by the Jain poet Tiruttakkatevar and reflects important Jain religious ideas.
Q125. Consider the following statements about Gwalior Fort: Caturbhuj Temple within it is a Vaishnava shrine.
Which are correct?
[SSC CGL Tier-II – 2026]
- It extends over a hilltop more than 2 km long.
- Its southern approach has rock-cut images of Jain Tirthankaras.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D. 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Gwalior Fort occupies a long sandstone ridge. Its approaches contain remarkable medieval Jain Tirthankara sculptures, while the Caturbhuj Temple is dedicated to Vishnu and represents Vaishnava tradition.
Q124. At which Jain council was the final compilation of the Śvetāmbara Agamas undertaken?
[MP Police SI – 2026]
A. Vaishali
B. Vallabhi
C. Pava
D. Vidarbha
Answer: B. Vallabhi
Explanation: The council at Vallabhi in Gujarat, traditionally presided over by Devardhigani Kshamashramana, produced the final redaction of the surviving Śvetāmbara Jain canonical scriptures.
Q123. Match the following Śramaṇa traditions with their characteristic doctrines: [MP Police SI – 2026]
A. Buddhism – Middle Path
B. Jainism – Severe austerity and belief in Jiva
C. Ajivika – Niyati or determinism
D. Charvaka – Materialism
A. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
B. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
C. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
D. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
Answer: A. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
Explanation: Buddhism advocated a Middle Path; Jainism rigorous austerity and the reality of souls; Ajivikas taught absolute determinism or Niyati; and Charvakas represented materialist philosophy.
Q122. Which cave complex contains Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments dating broadly between the sixth and tenth centuries CE?
[Delhi Police Constable – 2026]
A. Ajanta
B. Ellora
C. Karle
D. Bhaja
Answer: B. Ellora
Explanation: Ellora uniquely presents major rock-cut monuments belonging to three religious traditions. The Jain caves, mainly associated with Digambara tradition, form the latest phase of the complex.
Q121. Which architectural style is represented by the Khajuraho temple group, which also contains important medieval Jain shrines?
[DSSSB MTS – 2026]
A. Dravida
B. Nagara
C. Vesara
D. Indo-Islamic
Answer: B. Nagara
Explanation: Khajuraho temples are classic examples of the northern Nagara tradition. Alongside famous Brahmanical shrines, the complex contains significant Jain temples such as Parsvanatha and Adinatha.
