Q100. What is the principal objective of the National Urban Livelihoods Mission?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate [20 Aug 2025, Shift 2]]
(A) Encouraging overseas investment in city infrastructure
(B) Reducing urban poverty through training and self-employment
(C) Promoting only smart cities
(D) Housing rural agricultural workers
Answer: (B) Reducing urban poverty through training and self-employment
Explanation: DAY–NULM aims to reduce the vulnerability of urban poor households through skills, self-employment and access to employment opportunities. It treats livelihood insecurity as a major urban development issue alongside housing and infrastructure shortages.
Q99. Which Odisha initiative seeks to transform slums into liveable settlements?
[OSSSC CRE [19 Oct 2025, Shift 1]]
(A) MAGA Mission
(B) KAGA Mission
(C) JAGA Mission
(D) LAGA Mission
Answer: (C) JAGA Mission
Explanation: Odisha’s JAGA Mission supports slum upgrading and land tenure security for vulnerable urban residents. The programme seeks to improve basic services and neighbourhood conditions while recognising the need for inclusion in urban planning.
Q98. What proportion of India’s population lived in cities and towns in Census 2011?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate [18 Aug 2025, Shift 2]]
(A) 36.4%
(B) 39.4%
(C) 31.2%
(D) 35.3%
Answer: (C) 31.2%
Explanation: India’s urbanisation level was approximately 31.2% in 2011. The result reflects an increase from 2001 and illustrates a long-term population shift, but the majority of Indians were still classified as rural residents.
Q97. Which is NOT a function listed in the Constitution’s Twelfth Schedule?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate [22 Aug 2025, Shift 2]]
(A) Public health
(B) Foreign trade promotion
(C) Urban poverty alleviation
(D) Urban planning
Answer: (B) Foreign trade promotion
Explanation: The Twelfth Schedule lists eighteen municipal subjects, including urban planning, public health and alleviation of urban poverty. Foreign trade promotion is not part of that municipal list. The schedule was inserted through the 74th Amendment.
Q96. According to Census 2011, what percentage of India’s population lived in urban areas?
[RRB NTPC Graduate [10 Jun 2025, Shift 3]]
(A) 34.78%
(B) 32.30%
(C) 33.50%
(D) 31.16%
Answer: (D) 31.16%
Explanation: Census 2011 recorded 31.16% urban population, approximately 377 million people. The figure measures the resident share of the total population and is distinct from the increase in urban population between two census years.
Q95. Which among Tamil Nadu, Goa, Maharashtra and Delhi had the highest urban population percentage in Census 2011?
[RRB NTPC Graduate [16 Jun 2025, Shift 1]]
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Goa
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Delhi
Answer: (D) Delhi
Explanation: Delhi had the highest urban share among the alternatives, with roughly 97.5% urban residents. Goa had the highest proportion among states, whereas Delhi is a Union Territory with a largely metropolitan settlement pattern.
Q94. Which term denotes a self-government institution constituted under Article 243Q?
[UPSSSC PET [6 Sep 2025, Shift 2]]
(A) Panchayat
(B) Municipality
(C) District
(D) Metropolitan area
Answer: (B) Municipality
Explanation: Article 243Q provides for the constitution of urban municipalities. Panchayats are the corresponding village-level or rural local-government institutions. Municipalities perform functions connected with towns, including maintenance of urban infrastructure and services.
Q93. Which constitutional article enables assignment of urban-planning functions to municipalities?
[Punjab Police Constable [22 May 2025, Shift 2]]
(A) Article 243Q
(B) Article 243ZE
(C) Article 243P
(D) Article 243W
Answer: (D) Article 243W
Explanation: Article 243W enables state legislatures to endow municipalities with powers concerning economic development and social justice, including the Twelfth Schedule subjects. Urban planning and regulation of land use are important examples of such assigned functions.
Q92. Urbanisation primarily leads to changes in land-use patterns through which process?
[Bihar D.El.Ed [22 Apr 2024, Shift 2]]
(A) Increasing forest cover
(B) Expanding agricultural land
(C) Converting rural areas into urban settlements
(D) Enhancing wildlife habitats
Answer: (C) Converting rural areas into urban settlements
Explanation: Urban expansion converts agricultural and other rural land into residential, commercial, industrial and transport uses. As settlements spread, impervious surfaces increase and agricultural land may decline. Urban planning must balance housing demand with ecological protection.
Q91. On which date did the Government of India launch the Smart Cities Mission?
[RPF SI [13 Dec 2024, Shift 3]]
(A) 25 June 2015
(B) 26 June 2017
(C) 26 June 2014
(D) 25 June 2016
Answer: (A) 25 June 2015
Explanation: The Smart Cities Mission was launched on 25 June 2015. Its selected cities pursue improvements in essential infrastructure, governance and quality of life. The mission originally covered one hundred cities, chosen through a competitive selection process.
