114. Which division is popularly known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom?
[SSC MTS, 12 July 2022]
(A) Pteridophyta
(B) Thallophyta
(C) Angiosperms
(D) Bryophyta
Answer: (D) Bryophyta
Explanation: Bryophytes live primarily on land but require free water for the motile male gametes to reach the egg. This dependence on water for sexual reproduction explains the familiar analogy with amphibians.
113. Which of the listed plant groups is seed-bearing?
[SSC MTS, 21 July 2022]
(A) Thallophyta
(B) Pteridophyta
(C) Bryophyta
(D) Gymnosperms
Answer: (D) Gymnosperms
Explanation: Gymnosperms reproduce using seeds, commonly held on reproductive cones. Algae, bryophytes and pteridophytes generally disperse by spores and do not produce seeds. Seed formation represents an important evolutionary advance.
112. Which listed group does NOT belong to non-chordates?
[SSC CGL, 03 December 2022]
(A) Reptiles
(B) Arthropods
(C) Porifera
(D) Arachnids
Answer: (A) Reptiles
Explanation: Reptiles are vertebrates belonging to Chordata because they possess a notochord during development and a dorsal hollow nerve cord. Arthropods, arachnids and sponges are all non-chordate animals.
111. Assess these statements:
I. Angiosperm seeds develop enclosed within a fruit.
II. Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom.
[DSSSB Primary Teacher, 07 March 2022]
(A) Neither statement is correct
(B) Both statements are correct
(C) Only statement II is correct
(D) Only statement I is correct
Answer: (B) Both statements are correct
Explanation: In flowering plants the mature ovary develops into a fruit that encloses the seeds. Bryophytes require water for fertilisation even though they grow terrestrially. Thus both assertions accurately describe their respective plant groups.
110. Bacteria are classified in which kingdom of Whittaker’s system?
[SSC Selection Post, 15 March 2022]
(A) Fungi
(B) Monera
(C) Plantae
(D) Protista
Answer: (B) Monera
Explanation: Kingdom Monera encompasses prokaryotic life forms such as bacteria and cyanobacteria in the classical five-kingdom system. They lack membrane-bound nuclei and organelles, unlike the eukaryotic groups Protista, Fungi and Plantae.
109. Which structure gives a plant cell its rigid external boundary?
[SSC CHSL, 27 May 2022]
(A) Cell membrane
(B) Plastids
(C) Cell wall
(D) Vacuole
Answer: (C) Cell wall
Explanation: The plant cell wall is a rigid extracellular layer composed largely of cellulose. Its support and shape contrast with the flexible plasma membrane. Cell-wall composition is also a useful clue in distinguishing plant, fungal and bacterial groups.
108. Animals with jointed legs are generally classified under which phylum?
[RRB NTPC, 27 February 2021]
(A) Arthropoda
(B) Echinodermata
(C) Annelida
(D) Nematoda
Answer: (A) Arthropoda
Explanation: The name Arthropoda refers to jointed feet. Members include insects, spiders, crustaceans and centipedes. A chitinous external skeleton and paired articulated appendages are characteristic of this diverse phylum.
107. Which animal does not belong to Mollusca?
[RRB NTPC, 23 July 2021]
(A) Unio
(B) Scolopendra
(C) Octopus
(D) Snail
Answer: (B) Scolopendra
Explanation: Scolopendra is a centipede belonging to phylum Arthropoda. Unio is a freshwater bivalve, and octopus and snail are other molluscan examples. Jointed legs distinguish centipedes from soft-bodied molluscs.
106. Which phylum comprises exclusively free-living marine animals?
[RRB NTPC, 03 April 2021]
(A) Mollusca
(B) Nematoda
(C) Arthropoda
(D) Echinodermata
Answer: (D) Echinodermata
Explanation: Echinoderms such as starfish, sea cucumbers and sea urchins are exclusively marine and generally free-living. They have a distinctive water vascular system and frequently display pentaradial symmetry as adults.
105. Which plants produce seeds enclosed by fruits?
[RRB NTPC, 04 February 2021]
(A) Gymnosperms
(B) Pteridophytes
(C) Angiosperms
(D) Bryophytes
Answer: (C) Angiosperms
Explanation: Angiosperms are flowering seed plants whose ovaries mature into fruits surrounding the seeds. Gymnosperms have naked seeds; pteridophytes and bryophytes reproduce with spores and do not form fruits.
