124. Conifers are placed in which group of plants?
[BPSC 67th Preliminary Examination, 30 September 2022]
(A) Gymnosperms
(B) Monocotyledons
(C) Dicotyledons
(D) Angiosperms
Answer: (A) Gymnosperms
Explanation: Conifers such as pine and fir bear naked seeds associated with cones and therefore belong to gymnosperms. Monocotyledons and dicotyledons are traditionally distinguished groups within flowering angiosperms.
123. Who popularised binomial nomenclature for scientific naming?
[RRB NTPC CBT 2, 15 June 2022]
(A) Claude Louis Berthollet
(B) Dmitri Mendeleev
(C) Carolus Linnaeus
(D) John Dalton
Answer: (C) Carolus Linnaeus
Explanation: Carolus Linnaeus standardised the two-part scientific naming system using genus and specific epithet. A consistent Latinised binomial allows organisms to be identified internationally despite differences in regional common names.
122. Which of the following categories does not include human beings?
[SSC MTS, 07 July 2022]
(A) Chordata
(B) Porifera
(C) Hominidae
(D) Vertebrata
Answer: (B) Porifera
Explanation: Humans belong to Chordata, Vertebrata and the family Hominidae. Porifera consists of simple aquatic sponges lacking true tissues and organ systems, so humans cannot be included in that phylum.
121. Which pair of plant groups possesses vascular tissues?
[NVS Trained Graduate Teacher, 29 November 2022]
(A) Bryophyta and Thallophyta
(B) Gymnosperms and Pteridophyta
(C) Bryophyta, Gymnosperms and Pteridophyta
(D) Gymnosperms, Pteridophyta and Thallophyta
Answer: (B) Gymnosperms and Pteridophyta
Explanation: Pteridophytes and gymnosperms have differentiated xylem and phloem for internal transport. Bryophytes are nonvascular, and traditional thallophyte groups such as algae lack the typical vascular system of land plants.
120. In which group are ovules not enclosed inside an ovary?
[SSC Stenographer, 17 November 2022]
(A) Pteridophytes
(B) Gymnosperms
(C) Algae
(D) Angiosperms
Answer: (B) Gymnosperms
Explanation: Gymnosperms bear naked ovules and seeds, typically on cones rather than enclosed inside ovaries. Angiosperms produce flowers with ovaries that mature into fruits. Ferns and algae do not form seeds at all.
119. The central cavity of sponges is commonly lined by which flagellated cells?
[SSC CGL, 09 December 2022]
(A) Somatic cells
(B) Collar cells
(C) White cells
(D) Sex cells
Answer: (B) Collar cells
Explanation: Choanocytes, also called collar cells, use flagella to generate water currents through sponges. Their collars trap suspended food particles. The central spongocoel is lined by choanocytes in the simple asconoid canal arrangement.
118. Animals with numerous small pores through which water circulates are placed in which phylum?
[SSC CPO, 11 November 2022]
(A) Porifera
(B) Ctenophora
(C) Platyhelminthes
(D) Annelida
Answer: (A) Porifera
Explanation: Porifera literally means pore-bearing. Water enters a sponge through ostia and leaves by an osculum, enabling filter feeding and gas exchange. Sponges lack the well-developed organ systems found in many other animal phyla.
117. Soft-bodied animals usually possessing a mantle and muscular foot belong to which phylum?
[NVS Junior Secretariat Assistant, 09 March 2022]
(A) Echinodermata
(B) Annelida
(C) Mollusca
(D) Porifera
Answer: (C) Mollusca
Explanation: A mantle, visceral mass and muscular foot characterise the basic molluscan body plan. The mantle often secretes a calcareous shell. Snails, mussels and octopuses illustrate variations within the phylum.
116. Cycads, conifers and Ginkgo are representatives of which plant group?
[SSC CPO, 09 November 2022]
(A) Gymnosperms
(B) Angiosperms
(C) Pteridophytes
(D) Bryophytes
Answer: (A) Gymnosperms
Explanation: Cycads, Ginkgo and conifers produce seeds without enclosing them in fruits. Their naked-seeded condition places them among gymnosperms, unlike flowering plants whose ovules are enclosed by an ovary.
115. To which vertebrate class does a crocodile belong?
[REET, 23 July 2022]
(A) Aves
(B) Reptilia
(C) Amphibia
(D) Pisces
Answer: (B) Reptilia
Explanation: Crocodiles belong to Reptilia. They breathe through lungs, possess keratinised scales and lay shelled eggs on land. Despite their four-chambered heart, they are reptiles rather than birds or mammals.
