110. The ‘Mesolithic Age’ is regarded as a transitional phase because it represents the shift between which two prehistoric periods?
[RRB NTPC (UG) – 2026]
A. Bronze Age and Iron Age
B. Palaeolithic Age and Neolithic Age
C. Neolithic Age and Chalcolithic Age
D. Chalcolithic Age and Iron Age
Answer: B. Palaeolithic Age and Neolithic Age
Explanation: The Mesolithic Age bridged the hunting-gathering Palaeolithic and food-producing Neolithic phases. Microlithic tools, diversified subsistence and increasing sedentism characterised this important transition.
109. Microlithic tools became a characteristic feature during which phase of prehistory in India?
[RRB NTPC (UG) – 2026]
A. Middle Palaeolithic
B. Lower Palaeolithic
C. Early Iron Age
D. Mesolithic
Answer: D. Mesolithic
Explanation: Microliths were tiny, carefully shaped stone tools commonly made from chert, chalcedony or jasper. They became the defining technological feature of India’s Mesolithic cultures.
108. Mesolithic societies occupy a transitional position between Palaeolithic and Neolithic phases. Which configuration best captures this shift?
[UP PGT History – 2026]
A. Metallurgy, urban growth and regulated long-distance trade
B. Intensive agriculture, irrigation and permanently planned settlements
C. Large core tools, big-game hunting and completely nomadic life
D. Microlithic technology, diversified subsistence and semi-sedentary adaptation
Answer: D. Microlithic technology, diversified subsistence and semi-sedentary adaptation
Explanation: Mesolithic communities adopted small specialised tools and exploited a wider range of food resources. Some became increasingly semi-sedentary before full agricultural village life emerged.
107. Match the following prehistoric stages with their characteristic features:
[UP PGT History – 2026]
Palaeolithic — I. Microliths and semi-nomadic foraging
Mesolithic — II. Polished tools and food production
Neolithic — III. Handaxes, cleavers and foraging
Late Neolithic–Chalcolithic — IV. Pottery, sedentism and early metallurgy
A. Palaeolithic-I, Mesolithic-III, Neolithic-II, Chalcolithic-IV
B. Palaeolithic-II, Mesolithic-I, Neolithic-III, Chalcolithic-IV
C. Palaeolithic-III, Mesolithic-II, Neolithic-I, Chalcolithic-IV
D. Palaeolithic-III, Mesolithic-I, Neolithic-II, Chalcolithic-IV
Answer: D. Palaeolithic-III, Mesolithic-I, Neolithic-II, Chalcolithic-IV
Explanation: Palaeolithic cultures used large flaked tools; Mesolithic cultures specialised in microliths; Neolithic communities developed polished tools and farming; Chalcolithic societies added early metal technology.
106. Extensive pit dwellings have been identified at which two Neolithic sites?
[UPSC CDS-I – 2026]
A. Piklihal and Maski
B. Chirand and Tekkalkota
C. Kodekal and Hallur
D. Burzahom and Gufkral
Answer: D. Burzahom and Gufkral
Explanation: Burzahom and Gufkral in Kashmir are famous for subterranean pit houses. Such dwellings probably provided insulation against the region’s severe winter temperatures.
105. Which one of the following is a Neolithic site?
[UPSC CDS-I – 2026]
A. Bhimbetka
B. Utnur
C. Adamgarh
D. Birbhanpur
Answer: B. Utnur
Explanation: Utnur is an important southern Neolithic site associated especially with ash mounds and cattle pastoralism. The other sites are better known for earlier prehistoric occupations.
104. Bhimbetka Palaeolithic site is located near which river valley of India?
[RRB NTPC Graduate – 2026]
A. Yamuna
B. Narmada
C. Ganga
D. Sutlej
Answer: B. Narmada
Explanation: Bhimbetka lies in Madhya Pradesh near the Narmada basin and Vindhyan region. Its shelters preserve an exceptionally long sequence of prehistoric occupation and rock art.
103. The archaeological site of Langhnaj in Gujarat, known for microlithic tools and hunter-gatherer communities, belongs to which prehistoric cultural phase?
[RRB NTPC Graduate – 2026]
A. Chalcolithic
B. Palaeolithic
C. Mesolithic
D. Neolithic
Answer: C. Mesolithic
Explanation: Langhnaj is one of western India’s best-known Mesolithic sites. Archaeologists have recovered microliths, animal remains and human skeletons revealing the lifestyle of hunter-gatherer communities.
102. What is the main characteristic of the Prehistoric period in India?
[Delhi Police Head Constable AWO/TPO – 2026]
A. Availability of extensive written records
B. Stone tools and absence of writing
C. Exclusive use of metal tools
D. Extensive circulation of coins
Answer: B. Stone tools and absence of writing
Explanation: Prehistory covers human societies before written records became available. Archaeologists therefore reconstruct this period mainly through stone tools, bones, settlements, pottery and other material remains.
101. The widespread use of microliths and early signs of domestication in India are characteristic of which prehistoric phase?
[Delhi Police Head Constable Ministerial – 2026]
A. Palaeolithic
B. Mesolithic
C. Neolithic
D. Chalcolithic
Answer: B. Mesolithic
Explanation: Mesolithic communities widely used microliths and gradually developed closer relationships with animals. These changes anticipated the more developed domestication and food production of the Neolithic.
100. Which of the following represents the correct chronological order of the prehistoric periods?
[SSC CGL – 2025]
A. Mesolithic → Palaeolithic → Neolithic → Metal Age
B. Palaeolithic → Mesolithic → Neolithic → Metal Age
C. Palaeolithic → Neolithic → Mesolithic → Metal Age
D. Neolithic → Mesolithic → Palaeolithic → Metal Age
Answer: B. Palaeolithic → Mesolithic → Neolithic → Metal Age
Explanation: Human prehistory progressed from the Old Stone Age to the Middle Stone Age and then the New Stone Age. Metal-using cultures developed subsequently.
99. The Bhimbetka rock shelters are associated with which of the following prehistoric periods?
[RRB NTPC – 2025]
A. Upper Neolithic
B. Lower Palaeolithic
C. Iron Age
D. Lower Chalcolithic
Answer: B. Lower Palaeolithic
Explanation: Human occupation at Bhimbetka goes back to the Lower Palaeolithic and continues through later prehistoric periods, producing an exceptionally long archaeological sequence.
98. The rock shelters of Bhimbetka are located in which state?
[RRB NTPC – 2025]
A. Madhya Pradesh
B. Haryana
C. Bihar
D. Odisha
Answer: A. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: Bhimbetka lies in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh near the Vindhyan hills. It preserves important prehistoric habitation remains and extensive rock paintings.
97. Which site contains prehistoric paintings extending from the Mesolithic period into the historic period?
[RRB NTPC – 2025]
A. Hampi
B. Nalanda
C. Pattadakal
D. Bhimbetka
Answer: D. Bhimbetka
Explanation: Bhimbetka’s shelters contain several generations of paintings portraying hunting, dancing, animals and everyday activities, extending across a remarkably long cultural sequence.
96. Which archaeological site has yielded Acheulian, Middle Palaeolithic, Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic cultural levels?
[RRB NTPC – 2025]
A. Chirki-Nevasa
B. Adamgarh
C. Bhimbetka
D. Paisra
Answer: C. Bhimbetka
Explanation: Archaeological deposits at Bhimbetka represent successive prehistoric cultures, making the site extremely important for understanding technological and cultural changes over time.
95. **Consider the following statements about Bagor:
- Bagor was primarily an Acheulian tool site.
- Stone tools at Bagor were mainly manufactured from materials such as quartz and chert.
Which statement is correct?
[RPSC Assistant Professor – 2025]
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: B. 2 only
Explanation: Bagor is principally a Mesolithic site rather than an Acheulian centre. Its microlithic assemblage includes raw materials such as quartz and chert.
94. Arrange the following in chronological order: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Industrial Revolution and Information Age.
[SSC CGL – 2025]
A. Stone → Bronze → Iron → Industrial → Information
B. Bronze → Stone → Iron → Industrial → Information
C. Stone → Iron → Bronze → Industrial → Information
D. Industrial → Stone → Bronze → Iron → Information
Answer: A. Stone → Bronze → Iron → Industrial → Information
Explanation: Stone technology preceded bronze metallurgy, which was followed by iron. The Industrial and Information Ages belong to vastly later stages of technological development.
93. Consider the following statements about the Stone Age in India:
- Microliths are characteristic of the Mesolithic Age.
- A.C.L. Carlleyle discovered microliths in the Vindhyan region in the nineteenth century.
- Domestication of the dog represents an early example of animal taming.
Which are correct?
[UPSC CDS-II – 2024]
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D. 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Microliths define Mesolithic technology. Carlleyle pioneered prehistoric discoveries in the Vindhyas, while the dog was among the earliest animals brought into close association with humans.
92. What was the principal economic activity during the first Mesolithic phase at Bagor?
[RPSC Agriculture Department Exam – 2024]
A. Copper-tool manufacture
B. Hunting and gathering
C. Intensive agriculture
D. Pottery manufacture
Answer: B. Hunting and gathering
Explanation: Early Bagor communities relied heavily on hunting and gathering. Pastoral activities and evidence of domestication became increasingly important during subsequent occupational phases.
91. What was the principal occupation of humans during the Palaeolithic Age?
[SSC CGL – 2024]
A. Agriculture
B. Hunting and gathering
C. Overseas trade
D. Metalworking
Answer: B. Hunting and gathering
Explanation: Palaeolithic communities obtained food directly from nature by hunting animals and gathering fruits, seeds, roots and other naturally available resources.
90. The controlled use of fire by prehistoric humans is generally associated with which broad phase?
[SSC CHSL – 2024]
A. Palaeolithic
B. Neolithic
C. Chalcolithic
D. Iron Age
Answer: A. Palaeolithic
Explanation: Human use of fire long predates farming and metallurgy. It provided warmth and protection and eventually became important for cooking and other activities.
89. Which type of stone tool is most characteristic of the Mesolithic Age?
[SSC MTS – 2024]
A. Microlith
B. Large polished celt
C. Iron axe
D. Copper harpoon
Answer: A. Microlith
Explanation: Mesolithic communities produced tiny blades, triangles, points and lunates called microliths, often fitted into wood or bone handles to form composite tools.
88. During which phase did settled life and permanent habitation become increasingly important?
[SSC CPO – 2024]
A. Lower Palaeolithic
B. Middle Palaeolithic
C. Neolithic
D. Early Palaeolithic only
Answer: C. Neolithic
Explanation: Cultivation encouraged communities to remain near their fields and stored food. Permanent villages therefore became an important feature of Neolithic society.
87. Which period is closely associated with the invention and expanded use of the wheel?
[SSC GD – 2024]
A. Palaeolithic
B. Mesolithic
C. Neolithic
D. Early Iron Age
Answer: C. Neolithic
Explanation: Neolithic technological developments accompanying settled life included pottery, weaving and increasing application of the wheel for pottery and transport.
86. **Consider the following archaeological sites:
- Inamgaon — Maharashtra — Chalcolithic site
- Mangadu — Kerala — Megalithic site
Which of the above are correctly matched?**
[UPSC CSE Prelims – 2024]
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C. Both 1 and 2
Explanation: Inamgaon represents an important Chalcolithic settlement of Maharashtra, while Mangadu is associated with the megalithic archaeological tradition of Kerala.
85. Which characteristic most clearly distinguishes the Neolithic from the earlier Stone Age phases?
[SSC – 2024]
A. Exclusive dependence on hunting
B. Beginning of agriculture and settled life
C. Introduction of iron weapons
D. Development of urban empires
Answer: B. Beginning of agriculture and settled life
Explanation: Neolithic communities increasingly produced food through cultivation and animal domestication. Permanent settlements and polished stone tools accompanied this major economic transformation.
84. The Levallois technique is associated with:
[UPSC CDS-II – 2023]
A. Perforated Harappan pottery
B. Manufacture of predetermined stone flakes
C. Iron smelting
D. Polishing Neolithic celts
Answer: B. Manufacture of predetermined stone flakes
Explanation: Levallois was a sophisticated stone-working technique in which a core was carefully prepared before flakes of planned size and shape were detached.
83. **Consider the following statements:
- Isampur in Karnataka was an important Palaeolithic stone-tool manufacturing centre.
- A blade is a flake whose length is generally more than twice its width.
Which is/are correct?**
[UPSC CDS-II – 2023]
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C. Both 1 and 2
Explanation: Isampur was an important Acheulian workshop. In archaeological terminology, a blade is an elongated flake generally measuring more than twice as long as it is wide.
82. Match the following prehistoric sites with their present locations: Nevasa, Isampur, Didwana and Gudiyam Cave. Which sequence is correct?
[UPPSC/UPPCS – 2023]
A. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
B. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
C. Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
D. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Maharashtra
Answer: A. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
Explanation: Nevasa lies in Maharashtra, Isampur in Karnataka, Didwana in Rajasthan and Gudiyam caves in Tamil Nadu. All have yielded significant prehistoric evidence.
81. Correctly match:
[Chhattisgarh PSC – 2023]
A. Soan Valley — Bhimbetka — Burzahom — Banas Valley
B. Bhimbetka — Burzahom — Soan Valley — Banas Valley
C. Soan Valley — Burzahom — Bhimbetka — Banas Valley
D. Bhimbetka — Banas Valley — Burzahom — Soan Valley
Answer: A. Soan Valley — Bhimbetka — Burzahom — Banas Valley
Explanation: Soan represents Palaeolithic traditions, Bhimbetka has major Mesolithic evidence, Burzahom is a classic Neolithic settlement and the Banas region contains Chalcolithic sites.
80. Bhimbetka, a noted Palaeolithic site, is located in which state?
[SSC CGL Tier-II – 2023]
A. Bihar
B. Uttar Pradesh
C. Rajasthan
D. Madhya Pradesh
Answer: D. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: Bhimbetka is situated in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh and preserves archaeological evidence extending through numerous prehistoric cultural stages.
79. The early prehistoric stage in which humans principally used crude stone implements is commonly called the:
[SSC MTS – 2023]
A. Old Stone Age
B. Mesolithic Age
C. Iron Age
D. New Stone Age
Answer: A. Old Stone Age
Explanation: The Old Stone Age is another name for the Palaeolithic Age. Characteristic implements include handaxes, cleavers, choppers and other flaked stone tools.
78. Pottery is generally associated with the beginning of which phase of Indian prehistory?
[SSC Selection Post – 2023]
A. Chalcolithic only
B. Palaeolithic
C. Neolithic
D. Lower Palaeolithic
Answer: C. Neolithic
Explanation: Settled agricultural communities required containers for storing, preparing and cooking food, making pottery an increasingly important component of Neolithic life.
77. With which period is the large-scale practice of erecting megaliths in India generally associated?
[SSC MTS – 2023]
A. Approximately the last three millennia
B. Lower Palaeolithic
C. Early Mesolithic only
D. Gupta period exclusively
Answer: A. Approximately the last three millennia
Explanation: Most Indian megalithic monuments belong broadly to the Iron Age and early historical transition, especially in peninsular India, and frequently served funerary purposes.
76. Which period witnessed the emergence of agriculture as an important means of subsistence?
[SSC MTS – 2023]
A. Palaeolithic
B. Neolithic
C. Lower Palaeolithic
D. Iron Age
Answer: B. Neolithic
Explanation: Intentional cultivation of crops transformed human communities from food collectors toward food producers and became one of the defining features of Neolithic life.
75. Which prehistoric site is especially famous for rock paintings showing hunting, dancing and animals?
[SSC GD – 2023]
A. Bhimbetka
B. Taxila
C. Pataliputra
D. Sarnath
Answer: A. Bhimbetka
Explanation: Bhimbetka contains hundreds of rock shelters, many carrying paintings that depict hunting, animals, dancing and communal activities of prehistoric societies.
74. Which statement best describes the Neolithic Revolution?
[UPSC CAPF – 2023]
A. An instantaneous adoption of agriculture throughout India
B. Shift from food gathering towards food production and settled life
C. Complete replacement of stone by iron
D. Decline of animal domestication
Answer: B. Shift from food gathering towards food production and settled life
Explanation: The Neolithic transformation involved farming, livestock domestication, permanent settlements, pottery and polished stone technology and occurred gradually across different regions.
73. Which of the following site-feature pairs is NOT correctly associated?
[UPSC CDS – 2022]
A. Mehrgarh — early Neolithic settlement
B. Bhimbetka — prehistoric rock paintings
C. Bagor — major evidence of early grain agriculture
D. Sarai Nahar Rai — Mesolithic burial site
Answer: C. Bagor — major evidence of early grain agriculture
Explanation: Bagor is noted particularly for Mesolithic occupation and early animal domestication rather than being a principal centre for evidence of early cereal cultivation.
72. A ‘celt’ of the Neolithic period refers to a:
[SSC CGL – 2022]
A. Coin
B. Polished stone axe or chisel
C. Painted pottery vessel
D. Copper ornament
Answer: B. Polished stone axe or chisel
Explanation: Celts are ground and polished stone implements, particularly axes and adzes. Their smooth polished surfaces are highly characteristic of Neolithic tool technology.
71. Which characteristic tool is associated with the Mesolithic period?
[SSC – 2022]
A. Microlith
B. Iron ploughshare
C. Copper sword
D. Large bronze statue
Answer: A. Microlith
Explanation: Microliths were small stone blades and geometrical pieces that could be mounted into wooden or bone shafts to create composite implements.
70. Which of the following best characterises Palaeolithic society?
[PSC – 2022]
A. Urban traders
B. Nomadic hunter-gatherers
C. Iron-producing agriculturalists
D. Maritime merchants
Answer: B. Nomadic hunter-gatherers
Explanation: Palaeolithic communities survived through hunting, scavenging and gathering plants and usually moved according to the seasonal availability of food and other resources.
69. Which description of the Mesolithic period is correct?
[UPSC NDA – 2021]
A. Age of large handaxes only
B. Age of fully developed iron technology
C. Transitional phase characterised by microliths
D. Urban phase characterised by planned cities
Answer: C. Transitional phase characterised by microliths
Explanation: Mesolithic society formed a transition between Palaeolithic hunting-gathering and Neolithic food production, with microliths representing its most distinctive technological feature.
68. Which is the correct chronological sequence of major Stone Age periods?
[RRB NTPC – 2021]
A. Palaeolithic → Mesolithic → Neolithic
B. Mesolithic → Palaeolithic → Neolithic
C. Neolithic → Palaeolithic → Mesolithic
D. Neolithic → Mesolithic → Palaeolithic
Answer: A. Palaeolithic → Mesolithic → Neolithic
Explanation: The Old Stone Age preceded the Middle Stone Age, which was subsequently followed by the New Stone Age.
67. Which of the following does NOT form one of the three principal Stone Age divisions?
[RRB NTPC – 2021]
A. Palaeolithic
B. Neolithic
C. Copper-Stone Age
D. Mesolithic
Answer: C. Copper-Stone Age
Explanation: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic form the traditional Stone Age divisions. The Chalcolithic or Copper-Stone Age represents a later phase involving metal use.
66. Where in India are famous rock paintings dating to the Stone Age found?
[RRB NTPC – 2021]
A. Nalanda
B. Bhimbetka
C. Elephanta
D. Bagh
Answer: B. Bhimbetka
Explanation: Bhimbetka is India’s most celebrated prehistoric rock-art complex and contains representations of animals, hunting, dancing and other aspects of community life.
65. The Bhimbetka caves were brought to archaeological prominence in:
[RRB NTPC – 2021]
A. 1955–56
B. 1957–58
C. 1954–55
D. 1953–54
Answer: B. 1957–58
Explanation: Archaeologist V. S. Wakankar recognised the archaeological significance of the Bhimbetka rock shelters during 1957–58, initiating systematic attention to the complex.
64. **Consider the following statements:
- Belan Valley preserves Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic phases in sequence.
- Koldihwa and Mahagara are associated with very early rice cultivation.
Which is/are correct?**
[UPSC CSE Prelims – 2021]
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C. Both 1 and 2
Explanation: The Belan Valley preserves a valuable prehistoric cultural sequence. Koldihwa and Mahagara are important Neolithic sites traditionally connected with early evidence of rice cultivation.
63. **Consider the following statements about the Ahar culture:
- Copper smelting was known.
- Metalworking formed part of the economy.
- Black-and-red pottery decorated with white designs occurred.
Which are correct?**
[RPSC RAS – 2021]
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 3
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1 only
Answer: B. 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: The Ahar-Banas Chalcolithic culture of Rajasthan practised copper working and is especially recognised for distinctive black-and-red ware decorated with white designs.
62. The Mesolithic site of Bagor is situated on the bank of which river?
[RPSC Assistant Professor – 2021]
A. Banas
B. Gambhiri
C. Khari
D. Kothari
Answer: D. Kothari
Explanation: Bagor is located beside the Kothari River in Rajasthan’s Bhilwara region and is one of western India’s most significant Mesolithic settlements.
61. Which site is associated with early evidence of rice cultivation?
[SSC CHSL – 2021]
A. Koldihwa
B. Harappa
C. Dholavira
D. Taxila
Answer: A. Koldihwa
Explanation: Koldihwa in the Belan Valley of Uttar Pradesh has traditionally been associated with some of the earliest archaeological evidence for rice cultivation.
60. Pottery became a prominent feature during which Stone Age stage?
[SSC MTS – 2021]
A. Lower Palaeolithic
B. Middle Palaeolithic
C. Neolithic
D. Early Palaeolithic
Answer: C. Neolithic
Explanation: Settled food-producing communities needed durable containers for cooking and storage, encouraging widespread pottery production during the Neolithic period.
59. Which early prehistoric site provides evidence of the burial of humans together with dogs?
[Competitive Examination – 2021]
A. Burzahom
B. Langhnaj
C. Koldihwa
D. Nevasa
Answer: A. Burzahom
Explanation: Burzahom in Kashmir has yielded unusual burials involving domesticated animals, including dogs, along with pit dwellings and an important bone-tool industry.
58. Which one of the following is NOT a Neolithic site?
[UPSC CSE Prelims – 2020]
A. Burzahom
B. Chirand
C. Mehrgarh
D. Langhnaj
Answer: D. Langhnaj
Explanation: Langhnaj in Gujarat is principally associated with Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, whereas Burzahom, Chirand and Mehrgarh have important Neolithic cultural remains.
57. Bhimbetka is located in which Indian state?
[SSC CGL – 2020]
A. Rajasthan
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Bihar
D. Maharashtra
Answer: B. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: Bhimbetka lies in Madhya Pradesh near the Vindhyan hills and preserves a remarkably long sequence of prehistoric habitation and artistic activity.
56. The term ‘Neolithic Revolution’ primarily refers to:
[SSC CHSL – 2020]
A. Beginning of iron smelting
B. Transition from food gathering to food production
C. Emergence of imperial states
D. Development of writing
Answer: B. Transition from food gathering to food production
Explanation: Farming and livestock domestication fundamentally altered human subsistence and encouraged permanent villages, food storage and major changes in social organisation.
55. The first human fossil discovered in India is associated with which river valley?
[BPSC Re-Examination – 2020]
A. Ganga
B. Yamuna
C. Narmada
D. Tapi
Answer: C. Narmada
Explanation: The famous fossil hominin skullcap from Hathnora was discovered in the Narmada Valley and is commonly referred to as the Narmada hominin.
54. Which technique is particularly associated with Middle Palaeolithic flake-tool production?
[Competitive Examination – 2020]
A. Lost-wax method
B. Levallois technique
C. Punch-marking
D. Iron casting
Answer: B. Levallois technique
Explanation: The Levallois method involved carefully preparing a stone core so that flakes of predetermined form and size could be removed efficiently.
53. Which prehistoric site in Kashmir is well known for subterranean or pit dwellings?
[SSC – 2020]
A. Burzahom
B. Bagor
C. Adamgarh
D. Nevasa
Answer: A. Burzahom
Explanation: Early inhabitants of Burzahom constructed underground pits, possibly because subterranean houses provided greater insulation against Kashmir’s cold climatic conditions.
52. Humans began producing rather than merely collecting food mainly during the:
[PSC – 2020]
A. Palaeolithic
B. Neolithic
C. Lower Palaeolithic
D. Iron Age
Answer: B. Neolithic
Explanation: Cultivation and livestock management established a food-producing economy and transformed settlement patterns, demography and social organisation.
51. Which type of tool distinguishes Neolithic stone technology?
[SSC – 2020]
A. Rough pebble chopper only
B. Polished stone axe
C. Iron sickle
D. Bronze sword
Answer: B. Polished stone axe
Explanation: Grinding and polishing produced sharper and more durable stone axes or celts, useful particularly for woodworking and clearing vegetation.
50. Which was a characteristic feature of the Neolithic Age?
[UPSC CSE Prelims – 2019]
A. Microliths as the dominant innovation
B. Handaxes and cleavers alone
C. Agriculture and animal domestication
D. Iron weapons
Answer: C. Agriculture and animal domestication
Explanation: The Neolithic economy rested increasingly on farming and domesticated animals, supported by polished stone tools, pottery and permanent settlements.
49. **Which of the following site-period associations are correct?
- Hunsgi — Lower Palaeolithic
- Kurnool caves — Upper Palaeolithic
- Sarai Nahar Rai — Mesolithic**
[UPSC CDS – 2019]
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D. 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Hunsgi preserves Lower Palaeolithic remains, Kurnool caves contain Upper Palaeolithic evidence including bone implements, and Sarai Nahar Rai is an important Mesolithic burial site.
48. Burzahom, the Neolithic site, is situated in:
[SSC CHSL – 2019]
A. Jammu and Kashmir
B. Mizoram
C. Karnataka
D. Goa
Answer: A. Jammu and Kashmir
Explanation: Burzahom lies near Srinagar in the Kashmir Valley and is renowned for pit houses, bone tools, animal remains and unusual burial practices.
47. The Neolithic site Chirand is located in which state?
[SSC MTS – 2019]
A. Uttar Pradesh
B. Bihar
C. Rajasthan
D. Gujarat
Answer: B. Bihar
Explanation: Chirand lies in Bihar’s Saran region near the Ganga and is especially noted for its substantial collection of bone and antler implements.
46. Who discovered the Bhimbetka rock shelters?
[SSC GD – 2019]
A. H. D. Sankalia
B. V. S. Wakankar
C. R. E. M. Wheeler
D. John Marshall
Answer: B. V. S. Wakankar
Explanation: Archaeologist Vishnu Shridhar Wakankar recognised the archaeological significance of Bhimbetka during the late 1950s and played a major role in its subsequent study.
45. The pebble-tool or chopper-chopping tradition is especially associated with which prehistoric culture?
[SSC CPO – 2019]
A. Soanian Palaeolithic
B. Neolithic Kashmir
C. Chalcolithic Deccan
D. South Indian Megalithic
Answer: A. Soanian Palaeolithic
Explanation: The Soanian tradition of the north-western subcontinent is strongly associated with pebble-based choppers, chopping tools and related Lower Palaeolithic technology.
44. Which of the following accurately describes Mesolithic rock art in India?
[UPSC CAPF – 2019]
A. Bhimbetka has no Mesolithic paintings
B. Bhimbetka contains important prehistoric rock art
C. Prehistoric paintings occur only in Kashmir
D. Painting began only after iron technology
Answer: B. Bhimbetka contains important prehistoric rock art
Explanation: Mesolithic rock paintings provide evidence of animals, hunting, dancing and collective activity, and Bhimbetka is India’s most celebrated example.
43. In which period did polished stone tools become widespread?
[RRB NTPC – 2019]
A. Palaeolithic
B. Mesolithic
C. Neolithic
D. Iron Age
Answer: C. Neolithic
Explanation: Grinding and polishing became characteristic of Neolithic stone-working technology, unlike the predominantly chipped and flaked implements of earlier phases.
42. Which period is also called the New Stone Age?
[SSC – 2019]
A. Palaeolithic
B. Mesolithic
C. Neolithic
D. Chalcolithic
Answer: C. Neolithic
Explanation: Neolithic literally means “New Stone.” The period witnessed farming, animal domestication, polished stone technology, pottery and increasingly permanent settlements.
41. From which Mesolithic site has evidence of animal domestication been found?
[UPPSC – 2018]
A. Bori
B. Bagor
C. Lakhaniya
D. Ajanta
Answer: B. Bagor
Explanation: Bagor in Rajasthan contains important evidence showing the gradual development of animal domestication within a predominantly Mesolithic cultural context.
40. Early evidence of agriculture and animal husbandry in the north-western subcontinent is prominently associated with:
[BPSC – 2018]
A. Mehrgarh
B. Amri
C. Kili Gul Mohammad only
D. Harappa
Answer: A. Mehrgarh
Explanation: Mehrgarh preserves one of South Asia’s earliest long sequences of settled farming, including wheat and barley cultivation alongside domesticated cattle, sheep and goats.
39. Which is commonly regarded as one of the earliest Neolithic settlements of the Indian subcontinent?
[SSC CGL – 2018]
A. Mehrgarh
B. Mohenjo-daro
C. Sanchi
D. Amaravati
Answer: A. Mehrgarh
Explanation: Mehrgarh’s earliest occupation reaches back to approximately the seventh millennium BCE and demonstrates early farming, herding and settled village life.
38. The earliest evidence of wheat cultivation in the Indian subcontinent is prominently associated with:
[SSC CHSL – 2018]
A. Mehrgarh
B. Burzahom
C. Bagor
D. Bhimbetka
Answer: A. Mehrgarh
Explanation: The earliest inhabitants of Mehrgarh cultivated wheat and barley, making the settlement fundamental to understanding the development of farming in South Asia.
37. What does ‘Neolithic’ literally mean?
[SSC CPO – 2018]
A. Old Stone
B. Middle Stone
C. New Stone
D. Copper Stone
Answer: C. New Stone
Explanation: Neolithic derives from words meaning “new” and “stone.” It describes the later Stone Age marked particularly by polished tools and food production.
36. Megaliths are primarily identified as:
[Tamil Nadu PSC – 2018]
A. Hermits’ caves
B. Burial monuments
C. Buddhist monasteries
D. Agricultural dams
Answer: B. Burial monuments
Explanation: Many megalithic monuments were constructed with large stones to mark burials or graves and often contained pottery, iron objects and human remains.
35. Which Stone Age phase marked an important transition between Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers?
[SSC – 2018]
A. Mesolithic
B. Iron Age
C. Bronze Age
D. Historic period
Answer: A. Mesolithic
Explanation: Mesolithic communities continued hunting and gathering but developed microlithic technology, greater sedentism and, in some regions, early forms of animal domestication.
34. Which site is especially associated with Mesolithic microliths in Gujarat?
[Competitive Examination – 2018]
A. Langhnaj
B. Burzahom
C. Mahagara
D. Sanganakallu
Answer: A. Langhnaj
Explanation: Langhnaj is an important Mesolithic settlement of Gujarat where excavations have yielded microlithic implements, human skeletal remains and animal bones.
33. Which Neolithic site is associated with early rice cultivation?
[UPSC NDA – 2017]
A. Burzahom
B. Mehrgarh
C. Koldihwa
D. Chirand
Answer: C. Koldihwa
Explanation: Koldihwa in Uttar Pradesh’s Belan Valley has traditionally occupied an important place in discussions of early rice cultivation in South Asian prehistory.
32. The Neolithic period was described as a ‘revolution’ particularly by which scholar?
[WBCS/WBPSC Mains – 2017]
A. V. Gordon Childe
B. John Marshall
C. D. D. Kosambi
D. Mortimer Wheeler
Answer: A. V. Gordon Childe
Explanation: Gordon Childe popularised the expression “Neolithic Revolution” to describe the transformative consequences of agriculture, animal domestication and settled food-producing communities.
31. Which site in Karnataka is associated with Neolithic ash mounds and cattle pastoralism?
[UPSC CAPF – 2017]
A. Piklihal
B. Chirand
C. Langhnaj
D. Sanganakallu
Answer: D. Sanganakallu
Explanation: Southern Neolithic settlements such as Sanganakallu are associated with cattle pastoralism and characteristic ash mounds produced through repeated burning of accumulated cattle-pen material.
30. In the north-western region of the Indian subcontinent, early evidence for the rise of agriculture during the Neolithic period is associated with:
[Chhattisgarh PSC – 2017]
A. Mundigak
B. Mehrgarh
C. Balakot
D. Amri
Answer: B. Mehrgarh
Explanation: Mehrgarh in the Kachi plain provides very early evidence of settled agriculture, including cultivation of wheat and barley and the keeping of domesticated animals.
29. Which development most dramatically changed human life during the Neolithic Age?
[SSC CPO – 2017]
A. Agriculture and permanent settlement
B. Gunpowder
C. Iron cannon
D. Writing in Brahmi
Answer: A. Agriculture and permanent settlement
Explanation: Food production encouraged population growth, storage of surpluses and permanent villages, fundamentally transforming economic and social organisation.
28. Mehrgarh is located in present-day:
[Competitive Examination – 2017]
A. Balochistan
B. Kashmir
C. Madhya Pradesh
D. Bihar
Answer: A. Balochistan
Explanation: Mehrgarh is located on the Kachi plain of present-day Balochistan near the Bolan region and represents a major early farming settlement.
27. Which type of tools is strongly characteristic of the Mesolithic culture?
[SSC – 2017]
A. Microlithic blades
B. Iron swords
C. Bronze statues
D. Punch-marked coins
Answer: A. Microlithic blades
Explanation: Mesolithic industries specialised in small blades and geometrical microliths that could be inserted into handles to create efficient composite tools and weapons.
26. Which development is NOT characteristic of the Palaeolithic Age?
[PSC – 2017]
A. Hunting
B. Food gathering
C. Crude stone implements
D. Fully developed agriculture
Answer: D. Fully developed agriculture
Explanation: Systematic cultivation became prominent much later during the Neolithic transition. Palaeolithic communities principally survived through hunting, scavenging and gathering.
25. Which description most accurately defines the Mesolithic period?
[UPSC CDS – 2016]
A. Era of large handaxes alone
B. Transitional period characterised by microliths
C. Period of urban civilisation
D. Period of extensive iron metallurgy
Answer: B. Transitional period characterised by microliths
Explanation: Mesolithic lifestyles bridged mobile Palaeolithic hunting-gathering communities and more settled Neolithic food producers, with microlithic technology being especially characteristic.
24. Three human skeletons placed together in a single grave were recovered from:
[UPPSC – 2016]
A. Sarai Nahar Rai
B. Damdama
C. Mahadaha
D. Langhnaj
Answer: B. Damdama
Explanation: Damdama in Uttar Pradesh has produced an important Mesolithic burial assemblage, including a remarkable grave containing three individuals.
23. From which Vindhyan rock-shelter site has a particularly large number of prehistoric human skeletons been recovered?
[UPPSC – 2016]
A. Morahana Pahar
B. Ghagharia
C. Baghahi Khor
D. Lekhahia
Answer: D. Lekhahia
Explanation: Lekhahia in the Vindhyan region contains Mesolithic archaeological deposits and is particularly notable for the large number of human burials discovered there.
22. Bhimbetka caves are located in:
[RRB NTPC – 2016]
A. Uttar Pradesh
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Andhra Pradesh
D. Himachal Pradesh
Answer: B. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: Bhimbetka lies in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh near the Vindhyan hills and contains extensive Stone Age habitation evidence and paintings.
21. The Bhimbetka caves were considered in the examination to be approximately how old?
[RRB NTPC – 2016]
A. 1,000 years
B. 5,000 years
C. 30,000 years
D. 300 years
Answer: C. 30,000 years
Explanation: The question refers to the great antiquity of Bhimbetka’s prehistoric remains. Human occupation of the wider complex extends considerably earlier than many surviving paintings.
20. The earliest wheels were primarily made of:
[RRB NTPC – 2016]
A. Rubber
B. Glass
C. Wood
D. Iron
Answer: C. Wood
Explanation: Early wheels were constructed from wood and eventually transformed transport, pottery production and several other human economic activities.
19. The Chalcolithic Age is also known as the:
[SSC CGL – 2016]
A. Copper-Stone Age
B. Old Stone Age
C. Middle Stone Age
D. Iron Age
Answer: A. Copper-Stone Age
Explanation: Chalcolithic communities used copper alongside traditional stone tools, which explains the alternative name Copper-Stone Age.
18. Chopani Mando, an important prehistoric settlement, is located in:
[SSC CHSL – 2016]
A. Uttar Pradesh
B. Rajasthan
C. Gujarat
D. Kashmir
Answer: A. Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: Chopani Mando lies in the Belan Valley of Uttar Pradesh and is important for understanding the transition from Mesolithic communities toward early food production.
17. Robert Bruce Foote, associated with India’s first recognised Palaeolithic tool discovery, was primarily a:
[UP Lower Subordinate – 2015]
A. Geologist
B. Literary historian
C. Political scientist
D. Astronomer
Answer: A. Geologist
Explanation: Robert Bruce Foote was a geologist who became a pioneer of Indian prehistory after identifying a Palaeolithic handaxe at Pallavaram in 1863.
16. **Consider the following statements regarding Bhimbetka:
- It preserves evidence of human occupation extending across several prehistoric stages.
- Its archaeological importance is confined exclusively to the historical period.
Which is correct?**
[UPSC CSE Prelims – 2015]
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both
D. Neither
Answer: A. 1 only
Explanation: Bhimbetka preserves a long sequence beginning in the Stone Age and extending into later times, so its significance is certainly not restricted to the historical period.
15. Where are Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic cultures found in a broad archaeological sequence?
[WBCS/WBPSC Mains – 2015]
A. Belan Valley
B. Krishna Valley
C. Godavari Valley
D. Kashmir Valley
Answer: A. Belan Valley
Explanation: The Belan Valley is archaeologically important because sites there document long-term cultural change from early stone-tool traditions to Neolithic food production.
14. The Soan Valley is especially associated with which prehistoric tools?
[SSC CGL – 2015]
A. Choppers and chopping tools
B. Iron swords
C. Bronze axes
D. Polished Neolithic celts only
Answer: A. Choppers and chopping tools
Explanation: The Soanian Lower Palaeolithic tradition is especially noted for pebble-based choppers, chopping tools and related stone implements.
13. Which Stone Age site is famous for the burial of dogs in association with humans?
[Competitive Examination – 2015]
A. Burzahom
B. Adamgarh
C. Langhnaj
D. Didwana
Answer: A. Burzahom
Explanation: Burzahom’s unusual human-animal burials indicate a close relationship between its Neolithic inhabitants and domesticated dogs.
12. Who discovered the prehistoric rock shelters of Bhimbetka?
[UPSC NDA – 2014]
A. H. D. Sankalia
B. V. S. Wakankar
C. Mortimer Wheeler
D. Robert Bruce Foote
Answer: B. V. S. Wakankar
Explanation: Vishnu Shridhar Wakankar recognised the prehistoric importance of Bhimbetka’s rock shelters during the late 1950s, bringing the complex to archaeological attention.
11. The largest concentration of painted prehistoric rock shelters among the following is found at:
[WBCS/WBPSC Mains – 2014]
A. Bhaja
B. Bhimbetka
C. Bagor
D. Ajanta
Answer: B. Bhimbetka
Explanation: Bhimbetka is an extensive natural rock-shelter complex containing numerous layers of prehistoric paintings and archaeological remains of exceptional importance.
10. Which was the basic subsistence pattern of Palaeolithic humans?
[SSC CHSL – 2014]
A. Hunting and food gathering
B. Intensive wet-rice farming
C. Long-distance maritime trade
D. Coin-based commerce
Answer: A. Hunting and food gathering
Explanation: Palaeolithic people primarily survived by hunting wild animals and collecting roots, fruits, seeds and other naturally occurring food resources.
9. The term ‘Old Stone Age’ refers to the:
[Competitive Examination – 2014]
A. Mesolithic
B. Neolithic
C. Palaeolithic
D. Chalcolithic
Answer: C. Palaeolithic
Explanation: Palaeolithic literally denotes the Old Stone Age and represents the earliest and longest major phase of human Stone Age prehistory.
8. Match the prehistoric sites with their states: Hunsgi, Burzahom, Langhnaj and Chirand.
[UPSC CAPF – 2013]
A. Karnataka, Jammu & Kashmir, Gujarat, Bihar
B. Gujarat, Bihar, Karnataka, Jammu & Kashmir
C. Bihar, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka
D. Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Bihar, Gujarat
Answer: A. Karnataka, Jammu & Kashmir, Gujarat, Bihar
Explanation: Hunsgi is in Karnataka, Burzahom in Kashmir, Langhnaj in Gujarat and Chirand in Bihar, representing several distinct regional prehistoric traditions.
7. Bone ornaments in a Mesolithic context have been recovered from:
[UP RO/ARO – 2013]
A. Sarai Nahar Rai
B. Mahadaha
C. Harappa
D. Kalibangan
Answer: B. Mahadaha
Explanation: Mahadaha in Uttar Pradesh has yielded rich Mesolithic material, including bone and antler objects, ornaments and numerous human burials.
6. Bhimbetka caves are situated in which area of Madhya Pradesh?
[MPPSC – 2013]
A. Bhopal city centre
B. Pachmarhi
C. Singrauli
D. Abdullahganj-Raisen region
Answer: D. Abdullahganj-Raisen region
Explanation: Bhimbetka lies in Raisen district near Abdullaganj, south-east of Bhopal, within a landscape of sandstone formations and natural shelters.
5. Which prehistoric site-feature pair is correctly matched?
[UPSC CDS – 2012]
A. Burzahom — Ash mounds
B. Sanganakallu — Pit dwellings
C. Chirand — Bone tools
D. Adamgarh — Neolithic polished axes only
Answer: C. Chirand — Bone tools
Explanation: Chirand is noted for its rich bone-tool industry. Pit dwellings characterise Burzahom, while southern Neolithic settlements such as Sanganakallu are associated with ash mounds.
4. The Neolithic site of Burzahom is particularly associated with:
[UPSC NDA – 2011]
A. Lower Palaeolithic handaxes
B. Pit dwellings and human-dog burials
C. Harappan dockyard
D. Ashokan inscriptions
Answer: B. Pit dwellings and human-dog burials
Explanation: Underground dwellings, bone implements and unusual human-animal burials are among the distinguishing characteristics of the Neolithic settlement at Burzahom.
3. Evidence of pit dwellings has been obtained from which prehistoric site?
[UPPSC Mains – 2011]
A. Burzahom
B. Koldihwa
C. Brahmagiri
D. Sanganakallu
Answer: A. Burzahom
Explanation: Burzahom’s inhabitants constructed subterranean dwellings by digging pits into the ground, probably to obtain protection against Kashmir’s cold winter climate.
2. Who introduced the Three-Age System dividing antiquity into Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages?
[UPPSC Prelims – 2010]
A. C. J. Thomsen
B. John Lubbock
C. V. Gordon Childe
D. Mortimer Wheeler
Answer: A. C. J. Thomsen
Explanation: Danish antiquarian Christian Jürgensen Thomsen classified archaeological collections into Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages, establishing the influential Three-Age System.
1. From which of the following prehistoric sites have significant bone implements been recovered?
[UPPSC Mains – 2010]
A. Chopani Mando
B. Kakoria
C. Mahadaha
D. None of these
Answer: C. Mahadaha
Explanation: Mahadaha is an important Mesolithic settlement of the middle Ganga plain where excavations revealed bone and antler implements, human burials and evidence of hunting activities.