20. What type of unemployment is caused by a mismatch between available jobs and workers’ skills?
[SSC CGL – 3 December 2022]
(A) Seasonal
(B) Structural
(C) Economic
(D) Frictional
Answer: (B) Structural
Explanation: Structural unemployment arises when labour skills or locations fail to match vacancies, often following technological or industrial change. Frictional joblessness instead occurs during ordinary transitions between positions, and seasonal joblessness reflects predictable fluctuations in work during a year.
19. Unemployment associated with the expansion and contraction of the business cycle is called what?
[SSC CGL – 9 December 2022]
(A) Frictional
(B) Cyclical
(C) Structural
(D) Technological
Answer: (B) Cyclical
Explanation: Economic recessions reduce demand for goods and services, leading firms to cut hiring or employment. Joblessness caused by such economy-wide changes is cyclical unemployment. It differs from persistent skill mismatches and from the short transitions that generate frictional unemployment.
18. Which of the following is not a conventional official source of unemployment data in India?
[RRB Group D – 30 September 2022]
(A) National Sample Survey reports
(B) National Family Health Survey reports
(C) Census reports
(D) Directorate General of Employment reports
Answer: (B) National Family Health Survey reports
Explanation: The National Family Health Survey concentrates on health, nutrition and related demographic indicators. Employment statistics are collected through dedicated labour surveys, census enumerations and administrative labour records. Consequently NFHS is not the principal formal unemployment-data source identified in the exam.
17. Rural workers who are without work only during particular months face which type of unemployment?
[SSC MTS – 12 July 2022]
(A) Educated
(B) Disguised
(C) Frictional
(D) Seasonal
Answer: (D) Seasonal
Explanation: Seasonal unemployment occurs when jobs are available in busy periods but disappear in slack months. Crop sowing and harvesting illustrate this pattern. Disguised unemployment is different because extra workers may remain nominally employed even though their additional output is negligible.
16. Which term describes apparent rural employment where surplus workers make little additional contribution?
[SSC MTS – 22 July 2022]
(A) Disguised unemployment
(B) Voluntary unemployment
(C) Educated unemployment
(D) Seasonal unemployment
Answer: (A) Disguised unemployment
Explanation: Family agriculture can absorb more labour than production actually requires. Some participants remain occupied without raising output, creating hidden or disguised unemployment. This is not the same as voluntary joblessness, in which a person declines employment at the available conditions.
15. On what date did the Digital India programme begin?
[RRB NTPC – 31 January 2021]
(A) 25 September 2014
(B) 1 July 2015
(C) 25 June 2016
(D) 15 July 2017
Answer: (B) 1 July 2015
Explanation: Digital India was launched on 1 July 2015 to expand connectivity, digital infrastructure and electronic public services. It also supports digital literacy and participation in technology-enabled economic activities. The date should not be confused with other initiatives introduced around the same period.
14. Which broad sector contributed the most to India’s national income at the time of this examination?
[UPPSC RO/ARO – 5 December 2021]
(A) Services
(B) Agriculture
(C) Industry
(D) Trade alone
Answer: (A) Services
Explanation: Trade, finance, communication, transport and business services collectively account for a large proportion of India’s value added. Accordingly services had the largest national income share. Sectoral GDP shares and the shares of workers in each sector are distinct measurements.
13. A geographic or occupational mismatch between job vacancies and available workers creates what kind of unemployment?
[UPSC CDS – 7 February 2021]
(A) Structural
(B) Disguised
(C) Altered
(D) Cyclical
Answer: (A) Structural
Explanation: Structural unemployment appears when jobs exist but suitable workers are absent in the required location or lack relevant skills. The underlying imbalance is not necessarily resolved by an economic recovery. Education, reskilling and labour mobility are common responses.
12. According to Economic Survey 2019–20, approximately what share of India’s FDI inflows went to the services sector?
[SSC GD – 6 December 2021]
(A) Two-thirds
(B) One-half
(C) One-tenth
(D) One-fourth
Answer: (A) Two-thirds
Explanation: The Economic Survey reported that services were a major destination for foreign direct investment, with about two-thirds of inflows in the indicated period. This reflects investor interest in finance, communications and other service industries, although sectoral shares change with time.
11. Which approximate share of GDP was given in the WBCS 2020 paper for India’s service sector?
[WBCS Prelims – 2020]
(A) 60%
(B) 50%
(C) 42%
(D) 23%
Answer: (A) 60%
Explanation: The WBCS 2020 solved paper marks 60% as its answer. The services sector includes trade, hospitality, finance, communications and professional activities. These are approximate historical examination figures; their shares differ with the year, measurement base and statistical revisions.
