Peasant Movements

80. Which of the following portrays the movement led by Baba Ramchandra?

[RRB NTPC (UG), CBT-I, 18 June 2026, Shift 2]

• (A) A protest against British education policy
• (B) A religious reform movement
• (C) A workers’ strike in factories
• (D) A rural uprising against exploitative landlords

Answer: (D) A rural uprising against exploitative landlords

Explanation: Baba Ramchandra mobilised tenants in Awadh against talukdars, high rents, arbitrary evictions and unpaid labour called begar. His work became closely associated with the early twentieth-century agrarian mobilisation that also encouraged village-level organisation and demands for fair tenancy conditions.

79. Which achievement is correctly attributed to Vallabhbhai Patel during the freedom struggle?

[RRB NTPC (UG), CBT-I, 14 June 2026, Shift 1]

• (A) Organising the Punjab protests during the anti-Rowlatt agitations
• (B) Drafting the Lucknow Pact to unite moderates and extremists
• (C) Commanding the INA forces during the Burma campaign
• (D) Leading the Bardoli Satyagraha that established him as the “Sardar”

Answer: (D) Leading the Bardoli Satyagraha that established him as the “Sardar”

Explanation: In 1928, Patel organised farmers in Bardoli, Gujarat, against an increased land-revenue assessment. The disciplined, non-violent tax-resistance campaign succeeded in securing relief. Women of Bardoli famously addressed him as “Sardar,” a title associated with his leadership thereafter.

78. When was the Indigo rebellion launched for the non-cultivation of indigo in Bengal?

[DSSSB MTS, 11 May 2026, Shift 2]

• (A) 1849
• (B) 1839
• (C) 1869
• (D) 1859

Answer: (D) 1859

Explanation: The Indigo Revolt began in 1859 in Bengal when ryots refused to sow indigo for European planters. Coercive contracts and low payments had made cultivation unprofitable. The agitation spread through rural districts and prompted the government’s Indigo Commission in 1860.

77. Who accompanied Gandhi to the Bardoli Satyagraha?

[UP PGT (Civics), 10 May 2026]

• (A) Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya
• (B) Rajendra Prasad
• (C) Sarojini Naidu
• (D) Sardar Patel

Answer: (D) Sardar Patel

Explanation: Vallabhbhai Patel was the central organiser of the 1928 Bardoli struggle, while Gandhi provided guidance and support. The peasants protested a steep revenue assessment. Patel’s successful coordination of non-violent resistance subsequently enhanced his national reputation and earned him the popular title Sardar.

76. Match the movements with their years: (a) Champaran Satyagraha, (b) Non-Cooperation Movement, (c) Civil Disobedience Movement, (d) Quit India Movement; (I) 1920–22, (II) 1917, (III) 1942, (IV) 1930–34.

[UP PGT (History), 9 May 2026]

• (A) a–I, b–III, c–II, d–IV
• (B) a–II, b–I, c–IV, d–III
• (C) a–I, b–II, c–III, d–IV
• (D) a–IV, b–II, c–I, d–III

Answer: (B) a–II, b–I, c–IV, d–III

Explanation: The Champaran indigo-peasant satyagraha occurred in 1917. Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation campaign followed in 1920–22; Civil Disobedience began in 1930 and continued in phases until 1934; and Quit India was launched in August 1942. These dates determine the pairing.

75. Who is the author of the book “Peasant Movements in India: 1920–1950”?

[UP PGT (Sociology), 9 May 2026]

• (A) Suma Chitnis
• (B) M. S. Gore
• (C) Kathleen Gough
• (D) D. N. Dhanagare

Answer: (D) D. N. Dhanagare

Explanation: Sociologist D. N. Dhanagare wrote this influential study of agrarian mobilisation under late colonial rule. It analyses movements such as Bardoli, Tebhaga and Telangana, paying particular attention to social classes, landlord–tenant relations, political leadership and the relationship between nationalism and rural protest.

74. What was the major outcome of the Champaran movement led against the indigo planters in 1917?

[DSSSB MTS, 8 May 2026, Shift 2]

• (A) Abolition of the tinkathia system
• (B) Fixing of minimum wages
• (C) Establishment of cooperatives
• (D) Grant of peasant voting rights

Answer: (A) Abolition of the tinkathia system

Explanation: Gandhi investigated coercive indigo cultivation in Champaran and supported farmers trapped by the tinkathia arrangement, which reserved three kathas in every bigha for indigo. Subsequent reform helped end the arrangement and demonstrated how organised non-violent protest could secure agrarian concessions.

73. Which of the following peasant movements was led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in 1928?

[OSSSC Forester, Forest Guard & Excise Constable, 2 May 2026, Shift 2]

• (A) Deccan Riots
• (B) Bardoli Satyagraha
• (C) Pabna Movement
• (D) Moplah Rebellion

Answer: (B) Bardoli Satyagraha

Explanation: Bardoli’s peasants opposed a new land-revenue assessment in 1928. Vallabhbhai Patel organised pledges of non-payment, maintained discipline and negotiated with authorities. The agitation became a noted example of collective rural satyagraha, distinct from the earlier Deccan and Pabna uprisings.

72. Who among the following leaders led the Indigo Revolt in Bengal?

[OSSSC Forester, Forest Guard & Excise Constable, 28 April 2026, Shift 2]

• (A) Surya Sen
• (B) Vishnu Biswas
• (C) Rash Behari Bose
• (D) Khudiram Bose

Answer: (B) Vishnu Biswas

Explanation: Bishnucharan, or Vishnu, Biswas and Digambar Biswas were prominent leaders of the Indigo Revolt in Nadia district. They encouraged cultivators to resist forced indigo contracts. The uprising exposed abuses by European planters and strengthened public criticism of the plantation system.

71. Who was the peasant responsible for convincing Gandhi to visit Champaran?

[OSSSC Forester, Forest Guard & Excise Constable, 23 April 2026, Shift 3]

• (A) Raj Kumar Shukla
• (B) Kripalani
• (C) Gorakh Prasad
• (D) Rajendra Prasad

Answer: (A) Raj Kumar Shukla

Explanation: Raj Kumar Shukla, a farmer from Champaran, persistently requested Gandhi to investigate the grievances of local indigo cultivators. After meeting him at the Lucknow Congress session of 1916, Shukla helped bring Gandhi to Bihar in 1917, beginning a landmark agrarian satyagraha.

70. Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?

[RRB NTPC (Graduate), CBT-I, 27 March 2026, Shift 2]

• (A) 1917 – Champaran Satyagraha
• (B) 1918 – Kheda Satyagraha
• (C) 1928 – Bardoli Satyagraha
• (D) 1929 – Gandhi–Irwin Pact

Answer: (D) 1929 – Gandhi–Irwin Pact

Explanation: Champaran, Kheda and Bardoli are correctly dated 1917, 1918 and 1928 respectively. The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931, not 1929. It preceded Gandhi’s participation in the Second Round Table Conference and temporarily suspended civil disobedience.

69. Which of the following prominent leaders led the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)?

[RRB NTPC (Graduate), CBT-I, 16 March 2026, Shift 1]

• (A) Gopalakrishna Gokhale
• (B) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
• (C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
• (D) C. Rajagopalachari

Answer: (B) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Patel led the Bardoli farmers in a coordinated refusal to pay the enhanced assessment imposed by colonial authorities. The peaceful campaign relied on village organisation, women’s participation and public support. Its success established Patel as an outstanding leader of agrarian protest.

68. Mahatma Gandhi organised a satyagraha to support the peasants of Kheda. Kheda district is located in which state?

[SSC MTS 2025 cycle, held 10 February 2026, Shift 2]

• (A) West Bengal
• (B) Maharashtra
• (C) Gujarat
• (D) Uttar Pradesh

Answer: (C) Gujarat

Explanation: Kheda lies in Gujarat. In 1918, poor harvests and hardship made full revenue payment difficult for cultivators. Gandhi, Vallabhbhai Patel and local organisers advocated suspension of collections, showing how satyagraha could represent farmers’ economic grievances through collective resistance.

67. The Bardoli Satyagraha (1928), a major farmers’ protest against tax hikes, was led by whom?

[Delhi Police Constable (Executive), 5 January 2026, Shift 1]

• (A) Mahatma Gandhi
• (B) Jawaharlal Nehru
• (C) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
• (D) B. R. Ambedkar

Answer: (C) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: The movement took place in the Bardoli taluka of Gujarat. Patel organised the cultivators to resist the enhanced revenue demand without violence. The struggle concluded with official concessions and helped popularise the honorific “Sardar” for the leader.

66. Arrange the following movements chronologically: A. Moplah Rebellion; B. Naxalbari movement; C. Indigo Rebellion; D. Tebhaga movement.

[UGC NET Sociology, 2 January 2026, Shift 2]

• (A) A, B, C, D
• (B) D, C, A, B
• (C) C, A, D, B
• (D) C, D, A, B

Answer: (C) C, A, D, B

Explanation: The Indigo Revolt occurred in 1859–60, followed by the major Moplah uprising in 1921, Tebhaga in 1946–47, and the Naxalbari uprising in 1967. Remembering their settings—Bengal, Malabar, Bengal and North Bengal—clarifies the chronological sequence.

65. In which region did the Indigo Revolt of peasants take place?

[OSSSC CRE Prelims, 11 November 2025, Shift 1]

• (A) Deccan
• (B) Bengal
• (C) Uttar Pradesh
• (D) Punjab

Answer: (B) Bengal

Explanation: The 1859–60 Indigo Revolt was centred in Bengal, especially its indigo-growing districts. Cultivators rejected unfair advances and forced production for European planters. Wider press criticism and investigations brought public attention to the coercive economic arrangements imposed on ryots.

64. After which of the following movements was Vallabhbhai Patel conferred the title of “Sardar”?

[DSSSB TGT Social Science, 7 November 2025, Shift 2]

• (A) Quit India Movement
• (B) Bardoli Satyagraha
• (C) Dandi March
• (D) Non-Cooperation Movement

Answer: (B) Bardoli Satyagraha

Explanation: The name Sardar became associated with Patel during the Bardoli tax-resistance campaign of 1928. Local women and peasants recognised his firm and careful leadership. The movement secured relief against the higher land-revenue assessment and greatly increased his public stature.

63. Arrange the following revolts chronologically: 1. Pabna; 2. Indigo; 3. Kuka; 4. Sanyasi.

[UPPSC PCS Prelims 2025, GS Paper I]

• (A) 4, 2, 3, 1
• (B) 3, 4, 2, 1
• (C) 3, 4, 1, 2
• (D) 4, 3, 2, 1

Answer: (A) 4, 2, 3, 1

Explanation: Sanyasi-Fakir resistance began in the eighteenth century; the Indigo Revolt followed in 1859–60. The Kuka or Namdhari agitation became prominent in the 1860s–70s, while Pabna agrarian resistance emerged in 1873. Thus the historical sequence is 4–2–3–1.

62. Arrange these events chronologically: 1. Acquisition of Awadh; 2. Ilbert Bill controversy; 3. Indigo Revolt; 4. Second Anglo-Afghan War.

[UPPSC PCS Prelims 2025, GS Paper I]

• (A) 1, 3, 2, 4
• (B) 3, 1, 4, 2
• (C) 3, 1, 2, 4
• (D) 1, 3, 4, 2

Answer: (D) 1, 3, 4, 2

Explanation: Awadh was annexed in 1856, before the Indigo Revolt of 1859–60. The Second Anglo-Afghan War ran from 1878 to 1880, and the Ilbert Bill controversy arose in 1883. These milestones produce the order 1–3–4–2.

61. Who among the following presided over the first session of All India Kisan Sabha in Lucknow in April 1936?

[UPSC NDA-II, General Ability Test, 14 September 2025]

• (A) Sahajananda Saraswati
• (B) R. G. Ranga
• (C) Ram Manohar Lohia
• (D) Jayaprakash Narayan

Answer: (A) Sahajananda Saraswati

Explanation: Swami Sahajanand Saraswati became the first president of the All India Kisan Sabha at Lucknow in April 1936. The organisation united agrarian activists across provinces around demands involving rent, revenue, indebtedness and the rights of cultivators.

60. Put these movements in order from earliest to latest: 1. Chipko Movement; 2. Bardoli Satyagraha; 3. Satyashodhak Samaj.

[UPSC CDS-II, General Knowledge, 14 September 2025]

• (A) 2, 1, 3
• (B) 3, 1, 2
• (C) 3, 2, 1
• (D) 1, 2, 3

Answer: (C) 3, 2, 1

Explanation: Jyotirao Phule founded Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873. Bardoli’s peasant satyagraha occurred in 1928 under Vallabhbhai Patel. The Chipko environmental movement gained prominence in the 1970s. Therefore the earliest-to-latest sequence is Satyashodhak Samaj, Bardoli and Chipko.

59. Identify the correct statement about Neel Bidroha or the Indigo Revolt.

[DSSSB TGT Natural Science, 7 September 2025, Shift 2]

• (A) Indigo was being cultivated in Bihar since the end of the eighteenth century
• (B) Neel Bidroha started in 1861
• (C) Under Ryoti cultivation, the planter produced indigo on land he directly controlled
• (D) Indigo cultivation was practiced mainly in two forms, Nij-abad and Ryoti

Answer: (D) Indigo cultivation was practiced mainly in two forms, Nij-abad and Ryoti

Explanation: Colonial indigo production used two main systems: nij cultivation on land managed directly by planters and ryoti cultivation under contracts with peasant cultivators. The 1859–60 rebellion challenged the coercion, inadequate returns and advances associated especially with the ryoti system.

58. Which pair of leaders organised the Kisan Sabha in Munger in 1922?

[BPSC District Statistical Officer, 3 August 2025]

• (A) Mohammad Zubair and Rajendra Prasad
• (B) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati and Mohammad Zubair
• (C) Shri Krishna Singh and Mohammad Zubair
• (D) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati and Shri Krishna Singh

Answer: (C) Shri Krishna Singh and Mohammad Zubair

Explanation: Shri Krishna Singh and Mohammad Zubair helped organise peasants in Munger in 1922. Such provincial efforts preceded the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha of 1929 and later the all-India organisation, demonstrating a gradual expansion from local agrarian grievances to wider mobilisation.

57. Which leader led the Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 against increased land taxes?

[RRB NTPC (Graduate), CBT-I, 20 June 2025, Shift 3]

• (A) Mahatma Gandhi
• (B) Vallabhbhai Patel
• (C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
• (D) Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: (B) Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: The Bombay Presidency raised land revenue in Bardoli despite farmers’ economic difficulties. Vallabhbhai Patel coordinated their peaceful refusal to pay. After negotiations and inquiry, the authorities reduced the disputed demand and returned confiscated property, making Bardoli an important peasant victory.

56. Who led the Barasat Rebellion against British indigo planters?

[RRB NTPC (Graduate), CBT-I, 11 June 2025, Shift 3]

• (A) Dudu Miyan
• (B) Sidhu Murmu
• (C) Haji Shariatullah
• (D) Titu Mir

Answer: (D) Titu Mir

Explanation: Titu Mir, also known as Syed Mir Nisar Ali, mobilised cultivators and artisans near Barasat in Bengal against oppressive local interests and colonial power. His uprising culminated in 1831, when British troops destroyed his celebrated bamboo fort at Narkelberia.

55. The Bardoli Movement of 1928 was primarily launched to protest against what?

[MPPSC Assistant Professor Sociology, Paper II, 1 June 2025]

• (A) Conversion of farmlands into tea plantations
• (B) Land revenue hikes during famine
• (C) Indigo cultivation under the tinkathia system
• (D) Unjust taxation of farmers

Answer: (D) Unjust taxation of farmers

Explanation: Bardoli’s core grievance was an enhanced assessment of land revenue considered unjust by local cultivators. Farmers organised under Patel and withheld payment. The movement demonstrated the effectiveness of non-violent peasant solidarity and compelled the government to reconsider its demand.

54. What was the primary reason for the Champaran Movement of 1917?

[MPPSC Assistant Professor Sociology, Paper II, 1 June 2025]

• (A) Forced cultivation of indigo
• (B) Government indifference after crop failure caused by famine
• (C) The Hali system of medieval serfdom
• (D) Imposition of salt tax

Answer: (A) Forced cultivation of indigo

Explanation: European planters compelled Champaran peasants to cultivate indigo under oppressive contracts, particularly the tinkathia arrangement. Gandhi’s 1917 inquiry and satyagraha confronted this exploitation. The campaign helped establish non-violent mass politics around concrete rural economic grievances.

53. Who led the Bardoli Satyagraha Movement?

[BSSC Group D, 11 May 2025]

• (A) Ram Mohan Roy
• (B) Jayaprakash Narayan
• (C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• (D) Vallabhbhai Patel

Answer: (D) Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Vallabhbhai Patel gave organisational direction to the 1928 Bardoli agrarian campaign in Gujarat. The protest contested additional revenue demands during hardship. Through disciplined tax refusal and negotiations, farmers obtained significant concessions and Patel won national recognition as Sardar.

52. When did the Bardoli Satyagraha begin?

[Gujarat Police SI, Paper I, 13 April 2025]

• (A) AD 1919
• (B) AD 1928
• (C) AD 1930
• (D) AD 1942

Answer: (B) AD 1928

Explanation: The Bardoli Satyagraha dates to 1928. Farmers in Gujarat challenged a higher revenue assessment and sought guidance from Vallabhbhai Patel. The campaign differed from the Salt March of 1930 and became a model of peaceful agrarian resistance.

51. The Indigo Rebellion took place in _____ during 1859–1860.

[RRB JE CBT-I, 18 December 2024, Shift 3]

• (A) Punjab
• (B) Madras
• (C) Bombay
• (D) Bengal

Answer: (D) Bengal

Explanation: Bengal was the centre of the 1859–60 indigo cultivators’ protest. European planters imposed disadvantageous contracts and advances on ryots. Collective refusals to plant indigo brought the issue national attention and led to official examination of the system.

50. The All-India Kisan Sabha was founded in Lucknow in April _____ with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati as its president.

[SSC MTS, 23 October 2024, Shift 3]

• (A) 1936
• (B) 1934
• (C) 1935
• (D) 1937

Answer: (A) 1936

Explanation: The All India Kisan Sabha was established in April 1936 at Lucknow. Swami Sahajanand Saraswati served as founding president, while N. G. Ranga became general secretary. It sought wider representation for peasants confronting zamindari exploitation, tenancy insecurity and agricultural debt.

49. Which of the following events took place in 1928?

[SSC MTS, 17 October 2024, Shift 2]

• (A) Kakori Incident
• (B) Bardoli Satyagraha
• (C) Dandi March
• (D) Kheda Satyagraha

Answer: (B) Bardoli Satyagraha

Explanation: Bardoli Satyagraha unfolded in 1928. For comparison, the Kakori train action occurred in 1925, Kheda Satyagraha in 1918 and the Dandi Salt March in 1930. Bardoli specifically involved peasant resistance to a higher land-revenue assessment.

48. Indigo Rebellion took place in which region?

[WBCS 2023 Mains History Paper III, held 18 August 2024]

• (A) Bengal
• (B) Andhra Pradesh
• (C) Maharashtra
• (D) Kerala

Answer: (A) Bengal

Explanation: The Indigo Revolt occurred chiefly in Bengal during 1859–60, with significant agitation in districts such as Nadia and Jessore. Cultivators refused exploitative contracts with European planters, and the contemporary press publicised their sufferings. An official Indigo Commission followed in 1860.

47. Which of the following was a peasant movement?

[Bihar TRE 3.0, Political Science, 22 July 2024]

• (A) Kheda Movement
• (B) Telangana Movement
• (C) Tebhaga Movement
• (D) More than one of the above
• (E) None of the above

Answer: (D) More than one of the above

Explanation: All three named struggles involved peasant claims. Kheda challenged revenue collection in 1918; Tebhaga demanded a larger crop share for Bengal bargadars in 1946–47; and the Telangana armed peasant struggle opposed feudal exploitation in Hyderabad State.

46. All India Kisan Sabha was founded in 1936 at the INC _____ Session as All India Kisan Congress.

[SSC Selection Post, Matriculation, 26 June 2024, Shift 1]

• (A) Lucknow
• (B) Agra
• (C) Bombay
• (D) Delhi

Answer: (A) Lucknow

Explanation: The 1936 Congress session at Lucknow coincided with the establishment of an all-India peasant organisation initially styled All India Kisan Congress. Swami Sahajanand Saraswati and N. G. Ranga were key leaders, helping coordinate demands across provinces.

45. When did the Indigo Revolt of Bengal take place?

[SSC JE Civil, 6 June 2024, Shift 3]

• (A) 1857 CE
• (B) 1852 CE
• (C) 1855 CE
• (D) 1859 CE

Answer: (D) 1859 CE

Explanation: The Indigo Revolt began in Bengal in 1859 and continued into 1860. Peasants refused to grow indigo for exploitative European planters. The colonial government subsequently appointed the Indigo Commission to investigate grievances and the coercive plantation system.

44. Where did the Tebhaga Movement take place between 1946 and 1947?

[SSC GD Constable, memory-based, 6 March 2024, Shift 1]

• (A) Manipur
• (B) Maharashtra
• (C) Bengal
• (D) Karnataka

Answer: (C) Bengal

Explanation: Tebhaga was a sharecroppers’ agitation in Bengal during 1946–47, strongly supported by Kisan Sabha organisers. Bargadars demanded two-thirds of the harvest, leaving one-third to the jotedars rather than the customary half, and sought greater control over crop storage.

43. Who led the famous Satyagraha of Bardoli?

[Delhi Police Constable (Executive), 1 December 2023, Shift 1]

• (A) Vithalbhai Patel
• (B) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
• (C) Rajendra Prasad
• (D) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: (B) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel directed the Bardoli peasant struggle in Gujarat in 1928. Farmers resisted an enhanced land-tax demand, often facing property seizures. Their coordinated non-violent campaign won relief and highlighted the political strength of organised rural communities.

42. The peasants of Champaran were legally bound to grow indigo on what proportion of their land?

[Odisha Police SI, Paper II, 26 November 2023]

• (A) 1/40
• (B) 3/20
• (C) 4/40
• (D) 5/30

Answer: (B) 3/20

Explanation: The tinkathia system compelled cultivators in Champaran to plant indigo on three of every twenty kathas. The compulsory crop interfered with food production and locked peasants into unequal planter contracts. These grievances were central to Gandhi’s 1917 Champaran Satyagraha.

41. The Bardoli Satyagraha led by Vallabhbhai Patel in 1928 was directed against what?

[Maharashtra Forest Guard, 8 August 2023, Shift 1]

• (A) Increase in land revenue
• (B) Increase in export revenue
• (C) Increase in salt tax
• (D) Increase in import duty

Answer: (A) Increase in land revenue

Explanation: The central issue at Bardoli was a disputed increase in the land-revenue assessment. Under Patel’s leadership, cultivators refused payment and maintained a peaceful campaign. Negotiation and investigation led to concessions and cemented Bardoli’s place in Indian agrarian history.

40. Where was the first All-India Kisan Sabha formed?

[SSC CGL Tier I, 21 July 2023, Shift 4]

• (A) Lucknow
• (B) Lahore
• (C) Amritsar
• (D) Delhi

Answer: (A) Lucknow

Explanation: The first national Kisan Sabha was formed in Lucknow in 1936, bringing together existing regional peasant organisations. Its leaders included Swami Sahajanand Saraswati and N. G. Ranga. It supported tenant rights, reduced land revenue and opposition to zamindari exploitation.

39. Arrange the following peasant movements chronologically: A. Tebhaga; B. Champaran; C. Telangana; D. Naxalite.

[UGC NET Sociology, 17 June 2023, Shift 2]

• (A) A, C, D, B
• (B) B, A, C, D
• (C) C, D, B, A
• (D) D, B, A, C

Answer: (B) B, A, C, D

Explanation: Champaran’s satyagraha began in 1917; the Tebhaga campaign in Bengal followed in 1946–47. The Telangana armed agrarian struggle developed from 1946 and continued to 1951, while Naxalbari erupted in 1967. Therefore B–A–C–D is the expected sequence.

38. When was the Champaran Agrarian Law passed by the British Government?

[SSC MTS, 16 June 2023, Shift 2 (2022 cycle)]

• (A) 1918
• (B) 1919
• (C) 1917
• (D) 1916

Answer: (A) 1918

Explanation: The Champaran Agrarian Act was enacted in 1918 following Gandhi’s 1917 investigation and protest over oppressive indigo cultivation. It helped replace the tinkathia regime with improved arrangements for peasants and demonstrated that targeted agrarian legislation could follow sustained popular mobilisation.

37. During the Champaran Satyagraha, the cultivation of indigo was known as what?

[MPPSC State Service Prelims 2022, held 21 May 2023]

• (A) Tinkathia system
• (B) Ryotwari system
• (C) Slash-and-burn agriculture
• (D) Mahalwari system

Answer: (A) Tinkathia system

Explanation: Under tinkathia, Champaran tenants were obliged to cultivate indigo on three kathas out of each bigha, roughly three-twentieths of their land. Gandhi’s intervention in 1917 challenged this system, which favoured European planters and reduced cultivators’ freedom.

36. The Deccan Riots of 1875 took place in which present-day state?

[SSC MTS, 17 May 2023, Shift 1 (2022 cycle)]

• (A) Himachal Pradesh
• (B) Bihar
• (C) West Bengal
• (D) Maharashtra

Answer: (D) Maharashtra

Explanation: The Deccan Riots broke out in the Bombay Presidency’s Pune–Ahmednagar countryside, within modern Maharashtra. Farmers burdened by debt attacked moneylenders and destroyed account books. These disturbances prompted an inquiry and later the Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act of 1879.

35. When did the Indigo Revolt, a peasant movement, start in India?

[SSC CHSL Tier I, 21 March 2023, Shift 1 (2022 cycle)]

• (A) 1857
• (B) 1861
• (C) 1859
• (D) 1889

Answer: (C) 1859

Explanation: The Bengal Indigo Revolt erupted in 1859 when cultivators opposed forced plantation contracts and inadequate payments. Refusal to sow indigo spread through several districts, accompanied by wider public criticism. The rebellion preceded the establishment of the government’s Indigo Commission in 1860.

34. Identify the movement: In September 1946, Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha demanded a two-thirds crop share for bargadars instead of one-half.

[CRPF Head Constable Ministerial, 26 February 2023, Shift 2]

• (A) Mappila Movement
• (B) Bardoli Satyagraha
• (C) Eka Movement
• (D) Tebhaga Movement

Answer: (D) Tebhaga Movement

Explanation: The Tebhaga movement arose in Bengal in 1946. Bargadars, also called adhiars or bhagchasis, demanded that two-thirds of the produce remain with the cultivators. The demand reflected recommendations of the Bengal Land Revenue Commission, commonly called the Floud Commission.

33. In 1928, Vallabhbhai Patel led the peasant movement in which Gujarat taluka against enhanced land revenue?

[RRB Group D, 6 September 2022, Shift 1]

• (A) Bardoli
• (B) Palsana
• (C) Chorasi
• (D) Kamrej

Answer: (A) Bardoli

Explanation: Bardoli was the Gujarat taluka where farmers challenged higher revenue assessments under Patel’s leadership. Villages organised a disciplined refusal to pay, and women participated actively in the campaign. The government eventually granted concessions, making the movement an influential rural satyagraha.

32. Who among the following led the famous Indigo Revolt in Bengal?

[SSC MTS, 20 July 2022, Shift 2]

• (A) Mahatma Gandhi
• (B) Bishnu Charan Biswas and Digambar Biswas
• (C) Vasudev Balwant Phadke
• (D) Madari Pasi

Answer: (B) Bishnu Charan Biswas and Digambar Biswas

Explanation: Bishnucharan Biswas and Digambar Biswas were important organisers of resistance in Bengal’s Nadia district. They challenged European planters’ coercive indigo agreements. Their leadership symbolised a wider peasant refusal to accept low prices and compelled crop choices in 1859–60.

31. From which district did the 1875 Deccan peasant revolt against moneylenders and grain traders begin?

[SSC Selection Post, Higher Secondary, 16 March 2022, Shift 3]

• (A) Poona
• (B) Nashik
• (C) Ratnagiri
• (D) Ahmednagar

Answer: (A) Poona

Explanation: The Deccan disturbances began around Supa village in Poona district, later spreading into Ahmednagar and nearby areas. Farmers attacked moneylenders’ records because heavy debt and interest had become intolerable. The unrest eventually prompted a government commission examining rural indebtedness.

30. In which year was All India Kisan Sabha founded in Lucknow with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati as its president?

[SSC Selection Post, Matriculation, 14 March 2022, Shift 1]

• (A) 1942
• (B) 1930
• (C) 1936
• (D) 1932

Answer: (C) 1936

Explanation: The organisation came into being in 1936, consolidating provincial peasant organisations into a nationwide forum. Sahajanand Saraswati served as president and N. G. Ranga as general secretary. Its programmes drew attention to rural debt, oppressive rent and land-tenure issues.

29. Indigo cultivators launched a “non-cultivation of indigo” movement from which village?

[MPPSC Assistant Professor History, Paper II, 2022]

• (A) Govindpur
• (B) Champaran
• (C) Midnapur
• (D) Murshidabad

Answer: (A) Govindpur

Explanation: Govindpur in Nadia district is closely associated with early organised indigo non-cultivation protests. Peasants collectively refused to plant the crop under oppressive European contracts. The resistance formed part of the wider Indigo Revolt that swept Bengal in 1859–60.

28. The famous Kheda Satyagraha was launched to demand what?

[MPPSC Assistant Professor History, Paper II, 2022]

• (A) An end to the oppressive plantation system
• (B) Rights for cotton mill workers
• (C) Relaxation in tax payments after crop failure
• (D) None of these

Answer: (C) Relaxation in tax payments after crop failure

Explanation: Kheda Satyagraha in 1918 sought relief from land-revenue demands during a period of severe crop distress. Gandhi and other organisers encouraged peasants unable to pay to resist collections. It was separate from the Champaran indigo struggle and Ahmedabad textile dispute.

27. Which statements about the Eka Movement are correct? (i) Rents could exceed recorded rates by 50%. (ii) Baba Ramchandra was a principal leader. (iii) Symbolic religious rituals were used.

[Allahabad High Court Review Officer, 11 December 2021, Shift 1]

• (A) (i) only
• (B) (i) and (ii) only
• (C) (i) and (iii) only
• (D) (ii) and (iii) only

Answer: (C) (i) and (iii) only

Explanation: Eka protests in Awadh addressed inflated rent assessments and employed oath-taking or religious symbolism to unite peasants. Madari Pasi, rather than Baba Ramchandra, is particularly identified with the later phase. Therefore the first and third statements are accepted.

26. Consider: (i) The British response to the Indigo Revolt of 1859–60 was restrained. (ii) The Pabna agitation protested the Ryotwari system. Which is correct?

[Allahabad High Court Review Officer, 11 December 2021, Shift 1]

• (A) (i) only
• (B) (ii) only
• (C) Both (i) and (ii)
• (D) Neither (i) nor (ii)

Answer: (A) (i) only

Explanation: The question treats the colonial response to Indigo unrest as relatively restrained, especially in view of official inquiry. Pabna peasants, however, opposed rack-renting by zamindars in Bengal; their struggle did not arise from the Ryotwari revenue system.

25. In which region did Baba Ramchandra mainly lead the peasant struggle during colonial rule?

[SSC MTS, 14 October 2021, Shift 3 (2020 cycle)]

• (A) Awadh
• (B) Mysore
• (C) Jodhpur
• (D) Hyderabad

Answer: (A) Awadh

Explanation: Baba Ramchandra mobilised peasants in Awadh against talukdars and oppressive tenancy practices. Demands included reduced rents, abolition of forced labour and social boycott of abusive landlords. His role helped connect local agrarian grievances with the emerging nationalist movement.

24. The Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up in which year?

[SSC MTS, 7 October 2021, Shift 3 (2020 cycle)]

• (A) 1918
• (B) 1920
• (C) 1921
• (D) 1924

Answer: (B) 1920

Explanation: Oudh Kisan Sabha was formed in 1920 to address peasant grievances in Awadh, including excessive rents, begar and insecure tenancy. Baba Ramchandra, Jawaharlal Nehru and other activists helped mobilise cultivators. Its work preceded and overlapped with later rural protests.

23. Which statements about the Tebhaga movement are correct? I. It was organised by Kisan Sabha. II. It opposed landlords and moneylenders. III. Swami Sadananda led it.

[DSSSB TGT Social Studies, 1 October 2021, Shift 1]

• (A) II and III
• (B) I and III
• (C) I and II
• (D) Only I

Answer: (C) I and II

Explanation: Kisan Sabha organisers backed Bengal sharecroppers’ campaign for two-thirds of the harvest. The movement resisted rural exploitation connected to jotedars and oppressive agrarian relationships. Swami Sadananda was not its leader, so the first two statements hold.

22. Which movement-region pairs are correct? I. Moplah Rebellion—Malabar. II. Tebhaga Movement—Bengal.

[DSSSB TGT Social Science, 6 September 2021, Shift 1]

• (A) Both I and II
• (B) Only I
• (C) Only II
• (D) Neither I nor II

Answer: (A) Both I and II

Explanation: The Mappila or Moplah uprising developed in Malabar, in present-day Kerala, amid agrarian and political tensions. Tebhaga was a separate 1946–47 movement of Bengal sharecroppers seeking two-thirds of their produce. Both geographical pairings are therefore correct.

21. What was the “Eka Movement”?

[WBCS Prelims, 22 August 2021]

• (A) A religious movement
• (B) A peasant movement
• (C) A secret revolutionary movement
• (D) None of the above

Answer: (B) A peasant movement

Explanation: Eka means unity. The movement emerged around 1921 in Awadh, especially Hardoi, Sitapur and Bahraich, responding to excessive rents and landlord abuses. Madari Pasi became a prominent leader as peasants pledged collective action and solidarity against oppressive practices.

20. Who was the first General Secretary of the All India Kisan Congress?

[SSC CGL Tier I, 17 August 2021, Shift 2 (2020 cycle)]

• (A) Acharya Narendra Dev
• (B) N. G. Ranga
• (C) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
• (D) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati

Answer: (B) N. G. Ranga

Explanation: N. G. Ranga was the first general secretary of the All India Kisan Congress, established at Lucknow in 1936 and later known as All India Kisan Sabha. Sahajanand Saraswati was its first president. The organisation sought to unify demands of peasants across India.

19. In which year did the revolt in the countryside of the Bombay Deccan occur?

[SSC CGL Tier I, 16 August 2021, Shift 3 (2020 cycle)]

• (A) 1875
• (B) 1790
• (C) 1905
• (D) 1890

Answer: (A) 1875

Explanation: In 1875, indebted cultivators in the Bombay Deccan attacked moneylenders’ property and debt records. The rebellion began near Supa in Poona district. It exposed how revenue demands, credit dependence and rising interest could destabilise rural society.

18. During which satyagraha did Vallabhbhai Patel gain the title “Sardar”?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I, 4 March 2021, Shift 1]

• (A) Champaran
• (B) Ahmedabad mill strike
• (C) Kheda
• (D) Bardoli

Answer: (D) Bardoli

Explanation: The title Sardar became associated with Patel after his leadership in the Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928. The local farmers challenged a higher revenue assessment using disciplined non-payment. Patel’s organisation of the movement helped turn a local protest into a national symbol.

17. The Moplah Rebellion took place between which years?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I, 28 December 2020, Shift 2]

• (A) 1917–1919
• (B) 1923–1924
• (C) 1921–1922
• (D) 1914–1915

Answer: (C) 1921–1922

Explanation: The major Moplah or Mappila uprising erupted in Malabar in 1921 and continued into 1922. Its origins involved agrarian grievances, tenancy insecurity, anti-colonial sentiment and the contemporary Khilafat–Non-Cooperation context. It was an important episode in the wider history of peasant unrest.

16. Who drew Gandhi’s attention to the plight of indigo peasants in Champaran?

[BPSC 66th Combined Competitive Examination, 2020]

• (A) Rajendra Prasad
• (B) Anugrah Narayan Sinha
• (C) Acharya Kripalani
• (D) Raj Kumar Shukla
• (E) None of the above / more than one of the above

Answer: (D) Raj Kumar Shukla

Explanation: Raj Kumar Shukla persisted in inviting Gandhi to Champaran after meeting him during the 1916 Lucknow Congress. His efforts brought national attention to the sufferings of indigo cultivators and helped initiate Gandhi’s agrarian intervention in 1917.

15. Which was Gandhi’s first satyagraha in India using civil disobedience?

[BPSC 66th Combined Competitive Examination, 2020]

• (A) Champaran
• (B) Kheda
• (C) Ahmedabad
• (D) Rowlatt Satyagraha
• (E) None of the above / more than one of the above

Answer: (A) Champaran

Explanation: The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was Gandhi’s first major application of civil disobedience in India. It addressed coercive indigo cultivation and farmer grievances in Bihar. Kheda and Ahmedabad followed in 1918, while the Rowlatt agitation arose in 1919.

14. Match movements with regions: (a) Bardoli, (b) Moplah, (c) Telangana peasant revolt, (d) Tebhaga; (i) Malabar, (ii) Andhra Pradesh, (iii) Bengal, (iv) Gujarat.

[UGC NET Sociology, Paper II, 5 December 2019, Shift 2]

• (A) a–i, b–iii, c–iv, d–ii
• (B) a–ii, b–iii, c–iv, d–i
• (C) a–i, b–ii, c–iii, d–iv
• (D) a–iv, b–i, c–ii, d–iii

Answer: (D) a–iv, b–i, c–ii, d–iii

Explanation: Bardoli was in Gujarat, Moplah agitation in Malabar, Telangana in the Telugu-speaking Hyderabad region and Tebhaga in Bengal. Pairing the movements to their distinctive regional settings gives a–iv, b–i, c–ii and d–iii.

13. Match: A. Champaran, B. Rowlatt, C. Kheda, D. Bardoli with i. 1928, ii. 1917, iii. 1919, iv. 1918.

[RPSC Second Grade Teacher, GK Group A, 17 February 2019]

• (A) A–ii, B–iv, C–iii, D–i
• (B) A–ii, B–iii, C–iv, D–i
• (C) A–i, B–iii, C–ii, D–iv
• (D) A–iv, B–ii, C–iii, D–i

Answer: (B) A–ii, B–iii, C–iv, D–i

Explanation: Champaran’s indigo protest occurred in 1917; Kheda’s peasant satyagraha followed in 1918. The Rowlatt agitation took place in 1919, while Bardoli’s land-revenue resistance arose in 1928. Thus the correct match is A–ii, B–iii, C–iv, D–i.

12. Where was the first session of All India Kisan Sabha held under Sahajanand Saraswati’s presidentship?

[MPSC State Service Mains, General Studies I, 2019]

• (A) Lucknow
• (B) Kanpur
• (C) Kolhapur
• (D) Poona

Answer: (A) Lucknow

Explanation: Lucknow hosted the first national session of All India Kisan Sabha in April 1936. Sahajanand Saraswati presided, while N. G. Ranga worked as an important organiser. The Sabha represented farmers’ demands for better tenancy rights and relief from oppressive agricultural arrangements.

11. Who led the 1937 peasant satyagraha in the Daundi-Lohara Zamindari?

[CGPSC Civil Service, Paper I, 2019]

• (A) Narsingh Prasad Agrawal
• (B) Sarayu Prasad Agrawal
• (C) Wali Muhammad
• (D) Wasudeo Deshmukh

Answer: (A) Narsingh Prasad Agrawal

Explanation: Narsingh Prasad Agrawal led the Daundi-Lohara peasant agitation in 1937 in the present-day Balod region of Chhattisgarh. Farmers challenged zamindari grievances through satyagraha. This regional episode illustrates the wider reach of organised rural protest beyond the best-known national movements.

10. What was the immediate cause of the Deccan Riots of 1875?

[BPSC 64th CCE Prelims, 16 December 2018]

• (A) The prospect of famine
• (B) High interest rates charged by moneylenders
• (C) High land-revenue rates
• (D) More than one of the above
• (E) None of the above

Answer: (B) High interest rates charged by moneylenders

Explanation: Peasants in the Deccan faced persistent indebtedness, especially due to costly credit supplied by mahajans. In 1875, cultivators attacked moneylenders and destroyed bonds and account books. High interest rates were an immediate grievance, although broader revenue and market conditions contributed.

9. The Indigo Rebellion was about what?

[BPSC 64th CCE Prelims, 16 December 2018]

• (A) Peasants not wanting to grow indigo but being forced to do so
• (B) Peasants wishing to grow indigo but being prevented
• (C) Peasants being compelled to cultivate indigo at unacceptable prices
• (D) More than one of the above
• (E) None of the above

Answer: (C) Peasants being compelled to cultivate indigo at unacceptable prices

Explanation: Indigo cultivators suffered because planters forced production under contracts paying unacceptably low prices. The agitation reflected both resistance to compulsion and resentment over inadequate returns. The examined response highlights the unfair prices attached to forced indigo cultivation.

8. Farmers in which Bengal district established an agrarian organisation in 1873?

[MPSC Subordinate Services Prelims, 2018]

• (A) Rajmahal
• (B) Murshidabad
• (C) Bhagalpur
• (D) Pabna

Answer: (D) Pabna

Explanation: The Pabna agrarian movement emerged in 1873 as tenants resisted enhanced rents and abuses by zamindars. Peasants formed leagues, raised funds for litigation and sometimes organised rent strikes. Much of the resistance relied on legal claims rather than open violence.

7. Who launched the Bardoli Satyagraha on 4 February 1928?

[UPSC NDA, General Ability Test, 23 April 2017]

• (A) Mahatma Gandhi
• (B) Vallabhbhai Patel
• (C) Rajendra Prasad
• (D) Kalyanji Mehta

Answer: (B) Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Vallabhbhai Patel provided leadership to the Bardoli peasants’ movement in 1928. Farmers opposed increased land-revenue assessment through organised non-payment. Local activists, including Kalyanji Mehta, were also influential, but Patel is credited with leading the satyagraha.

6. Which movements occurred after 1857? 1. Santhal Rebellion; 2. Indigo Revolt; 3. Deccan Agriculturists Riots; 4. Birsa Munda uprising.

[CGPSC Civil Service, Paper I, 2017]

• (A) 1, 2, 3
• (B) 2, 3, 4
• (C) 1, 2, 4
• (D) 1, 3, 4
• (E) 1, 2, 3, 4

Answer: (B) 2, 3, 4

Explanation: The Santhal rebellion occurred in 1855–56, before 1857. Indigo unrest began in 1859, Deccan agrarian riots erupted in 1875 and Birsa Munda’s ulgulan developed at the end of the nineteenth century. Hence only movements 2, 3 and 4 followed 1857.

5. Which pair is incorrectly matched?

[UPPSC PCS Prelims, Paper I, 2017]

• (A) Pabna Revolt — 1873
• (B) Deccan Kisan Revolt — 1875
• (C) Sanyasi Revolt — 1894
• (D) Kol Uprising — 1832

Answer: (C) Sanyasi Revolt — 1894

Explanation: The Sanyasi-Fakir rebellion belonged principally to the late eighteenth century, not 1894. Pabna’s organised agrarian protest is associated with 1873; the Deccan moneylender riots with 1875; and the Kol uprising with 1831–32.

4. Which statements about the Deccan Riots of 1875 are true? 1. The Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act followed in 1879. 2. Prompt suppression prevented spread across all Maharashtra. 3. Riots spread throughout Maharashtra. 4. The American Civil War cotton boom contributed to later hardship.

[UPSC CDS, General Knowledge, 23 October 2016]

• (A) 1 only
• (B) 1 and 3
• (C) 2 and 4 only
• (D) 1, 2 and 4

Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 4

Explanation: The 1875 Deccan riots exposed peasant indebtedness after shifting cotton demand and worsening economic conditions. Colonial suppression contained their geographical spread. In 1879, the Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act offered certain legal protections. Statements 1, 2 and 4 are accepted.

3. Which upheaval took place in Bengal immediately after the Revolt of 1857?

[WBCS Prelims, 2015]

• (A) Pabna Riots
• (B) Indigo Rebellion
• (C) Sannyasi Rebellion
• (D) Santhal Rebellion

Answer: (B) Indigo Rebellion

Explanation: The Indigo Rebellion erupted in Bengal in 1859–60, soon after the Revolt of 1857. By contrast, the Santhal rebellion occurred in 1855–56, Sannyasi-Fakir resistance was earlier and Pabna agitation began in the 1870s.

2. The Deccan Riots Commission was concerned with what?

[UPSC CAPF, 13 July 2014]

• (A) Indebtedness of peasants
• (B) General law-and-order problems in the Deccan
• (C) Problems solely with the Ryotwari system
• (D) Communal riots in the Deccan

Answer: (A) Indebtedness of peasants

Explanation: Following the Deccan riots of 1875, the colonial administration established a commission to examine farmers’ indebtedness and relations with moneylenders. Its investigation documented agrarian distress and helped shape the Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act of 1879.

1. What was the demand of the Tebhaga Peasant Movement in Bengal?

[UPSC Civil Services Prelims, 2013]

• (A) Reduce landlords’ share from one-half of the crop to one-third
• (B) Give every cultivator legal ownership of the land
• (C) Immediately abolish zamindari and serfdom
• (D) Write off all peasant debts

Answer: (A) Reduce landlords’ share from one-half of the crop to one-third

Explanation: Tebhaga sharecroppers in Bengal demanded two-thirds of the harvest for the actual cultivator, leaving the landlord one-third rather than one-half. The movement was launched in 1946 and was supported by Kisan Sabha organisers amid pressure for tenancy reform.