Q40. Which Schedule addresses the authority and responsibilities of municipalities?
[SSC GD Constable (2022 examination cycle) | 2023]
A. Eleventh
B. Thirteenth
C. Tenth
D. Twelfth
Answer: (D) Twelfth
Explanation: The Twelfth Schedule was introduced through the Seventy-fourth Amendment and describes eighteen municipal functions. Examples include urban planning, roads, public health, fire services and slum improvement. The Eleventh Schedule applies to rural Panchayats and comprises twenty-nine subject headings.
Q39. The 73rd and 74th Amendments strengthened which system of government levels?
[SSC GD Constable (2022 examination cycle) | 2023]
A. Three-tier
B. Four-tier
C. Two-tier
D. Single-tier
Answer: (A) Three-tier
Explanation: The rural and urban local-government amendments reinforced local self-government as a third broad level alongside Union and states. They did not create a fourth federal tier. The terminology differs from the three institutional tiers found within Panchayati Raj itself.
Q38. Which Part contains the constitutional provisions concerning Panchayats?
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A. Part XI
B. Part IX
C. Part IX-A
D. Part X
Answer: (B) Part IX
Explanation: Part IX specifically addresses the Panchayati Raj framework and was inserted through the Seventy-third Amendment Act. It includes provisions for Gram Sabha, Panchayat elections, terms, finances and reservation. Part IX-A, added separately, applies to municipalities.
Q37. The 73rd Amendment was enacted in which year and relates to what?
[MP Forest Guard/Jail Prahari | 2023]
A. 1992 and Panchayats
B. 1992 and municipalities
C. 1972 and Panchayats
D. 1972 and municipalities
Answer: (A) 1992 and Panchayats
Explanation: The Seventy-third Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted in 1992 and entered into force in April 1993. It principally concerns Panchayats, creating Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule. The Seventy-fourth Amendment of the same year covers municipalities.
Q36. The 73rd Amendment gave effect to which Directive Principle Article?
[SSC Stenographer | 2023]
A. Article 40
B. Article 43
C. Article 42
D. Article 41
Answer: (A) Article 40
Explanation: Article 40 urges states to organise village Panchayats and provide powers enabling self-government. The Seventy-third Amendment introduced enforceable constitutional institutional requirements for Panchayati Raj. Article 40 remains a Directive Principle, while Panchayat arrangements appear in Part IX.
Q35. Which Article directs the state to organise village Panchayats?
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A. Article 38
B. Article 45
C. Article 40
D. Article 36
Answer: (C) Article 40
Explanation: Article 40 is a Directive Principle of State Policy about organising village Panchayats and endowing them with authority. It was part of the original Constitution. Later constitutional reforms added detailed Panchayat provisions in Part IX to support local democracy.
Q34. Which Amendment introduced Part IX of India’s Constitution?
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A. 73rd
B. 46th
C. 51st
D. 21st
Answer: (A) 73rd
Explanation: Part IX was inserted by the Seventy-third Constitutional Amendment in 1992 and brought into force on 24 April 1993. It provides for Panchayati Raj institutions and associated constitutional mechanisms. The separate Seventy-fourth Amendment inserted Part IX-A for municipalities.
Q33. Municipal corporations are generally intended to administer which areas?
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A. Metropolitan or very large cities
B. Big towns only
C. Every city
D. Medium-sized localities only
Answer: (A) Metropolitan or very large cities
Explanation: Municipal corporations are the urban local bodies generally used for larger urban areas. Article 243Q distinguishes them from Municipal Councils for smaller towns and Nagar Panchayats for transitional areas. Exact population and classification criteria depend on applicable state law.
Q32. Where was India’s earliest municipal corporation established?
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A. Bombay
B. Madras
C. Gujarat
D. Calcutta
Answer: (B) Madras
Explanation: The first municipal corporation in India was established at Madras, now Chennai, in 1688 under a royal charter. This marks an early stage in the evolution of statutory urban bodies, long before the constitutional reforms of 1992.
Q31. How many functional subjects does the Eleventh Schedule contain?
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A. 18
B. 29
C. 22
D. 21
Answer: (B) 29
Explanation: The Eleventh Schedule lists twenty-nine potential functional areas for Panchayats, including agriculture, minor irrigation, education, health and rural housing. It was added by the Seventy-third Amendment. Its listing does not itself transfer every subject without state enabling legislation.
