Q70. Which of the following statements regarding constitutional provisions for municipalities is correct?
[HTET PGT Political Science | 2025]
A. Part IX-A was inserted by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, 1992.
B. A Municipal Council is constituted for a larger urban area.
C. The Governor alone may nominate experienced municipal administrators as voting members.
D. The State Legislature may by law provide for the manner of election of a municipal chairperson.
Answer: (D) The State Legislature may by law provide for the manner of election of a municipal chairperson.
Explanation: Article 243R permits a state legislature to decide by law how a municipality’s chairperson is elected. Part IX-A came through the Seventy-fourth Amendment, and larger urban areas have municipal corporations. Nominated experts cannot vote in municipal meetings.
Q69. Which Article provides direct elections from municipal territorial wards?
[DSSSB Assistant Section Officer | 2025]
A. Article 243R
B. Article 253A
C. Article 243A
D. Article 243G
Answer: (A) Article 243R
Explanation: Article 243R lays down the composition of municipalities, with directly elected representatives from territorial constituencies or wards. It also permits specified categories of additional representation under state law. Article 243A, by comparison, concerns Gram Sabha powers in rural areas.
Q68. Which amendment introduced at least one-third reservation for women in municipalities?
[RPF Constable | 2025]
A. 106th Amendment
B. 74th Amendment
C. 73rd Amendment
D. 103rd Amendment
Answer: (B) 74th Amendment
Explanation: The Seventy-fourth Amendment inserted Article 243T, reserving not less than one-third of municipal seats for women, including relevant reserved-category seats. The Seventy-third Amendment supplied the parallel framework for rural Panchayats under Article 243D.
Q67. Which constitutional Part was introduced by the 74th Amendment?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I | 2025]
A. Part X
B. Part IX
C. Part IX-A
D. Part XI
Answer: (C) Part IX-A
Explanation: The Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992 inserted Part IX-A, dealing with municipalities. It came into effect on 1 June 1993 and introduced the Twelfth Schedule of eighteen municipal functional matters, subject to legislation on actual devolution.
Q66. Which statement about Gram Sabha is constitutionally correct?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I | 2025]
A. Only elected Panchayat members belong
B. It can always overturn Panchayat decisions
C. It meets only every five years
D. It comprises village voters and has state-law-defined functions
Answer: (D) It comprises village voters and has state-law-defined functions
Explanation: Gram Sabha consists of persons registered on the electoral rolls for a village within a Panchayat area. Article 243A permits states to define its functions. It is therefore broader than the elected Panchayat, and its powers cannot be assumed identical in every state.
Q65. Which elections fall under the State Election Commission’s remit?
[IB Security Assistant | 2025]
A. Lok Sabha alone
B. President alone
C. State Assemblies alone
D. Panchayats and municipalities
Answer: (D) Panchayats and municipalities
Explanation: State Election Commissions supervise local-body elections under Articles 243K and 243ZA. The Election Commission of India instead manages parliamentary, assembly and certain national constitutional elections. This division protects regular local elections within India’s constitutional governance framework.
Q64. What is a principal own-tax revenue source for municipal corporations?
[Punjab Police Constable | 2025]
A. Corporation income tax
B. Personal income tax
C. Property tax
D. Customs duties
Answer: (C) Property tax
Explanation: Property tax is an important municipal own-source revenue in India. It applies to taxable properties under relevant state and municipal laws, helping fund civic services. Income tax, corporate income tax and customs are not ordinary municipal own-tax instruments.
Q63. Which Article specifically deals with the composition of Panchayats?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II | 2025]
A. Article 243B
B. Article 243D
C. Article 243A
D. Article 243C
Answer: (D) Article 243C
Explanation: Article 243C sets constitutional ground rules on Panchayat composition and elections from territorial constituencies. Article 243B provides for constituting Panchayats, Article 243D covers reservation and Article 243A concerns Gram Sabha. Accurate article mapping is especially important in polity papers.
Q62. Which statements on municipal replacement elections are correct:
(1) hold within six months of early dissolution;
(2) hold within three months before expiry;
(3) replacement serves only remaining tenure;
(4) replacement gets a fresh five-year term?
[BPSC Assistant Section Officer Preliminary Examination | 2025]
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 4 only
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 2 only
Answer: (A) 1 and 3 only
Explanation: Article 243U requires elections within six months after premature dissolution, subject to its remainder-of-term exception. A newly formed municipality after such dissolution generally completes the original body’s remaining term rather than receiving an entirely new five-year tenure.
Q61. Under Article 243Q, which of these statements about municipality types are correct?
(A) Municipal Council for a smaller urban area;
(B) Municipal Corporation for a larger urban area;
(C) Nagar Panchayat for a transitional area.
[Punjab Police Constable | 2025]
A. Only B
B. A, B and C
C. Only A and C
D. Only A and B
Answer: (B) A, B and C
Explanation: All three statements match Article 243Q. Nagar Panchayats serve areas shifting from rural to urban, Municipal Councils smaller urban areas, and Municipal Corporations larger urban areas. The Governor classifies areas using constitutional and state-law criteria.
