Non-Cooperation Movement- Indian National Movement (1919–1929)

Q180. In which year did the Non-Cooperation Movement commence in Bihar?

[MPESB Hospital Assistant, 24 June 2026]

A. 1 August 1921

B. 1 August 1919

C. 1 August 1920

D. More than one of the above

Answer: C. 1 August 1920

Explanation: The movement began nationally on 1 August 1920 and expanded through Bihar as Congress workers organised boycotts and public mobilisation. The question connects Bihar’s experience with the general launch of Gandhi’s first large nationwide non-cooperation campaign.

Q179. Gandhi initiated the Rowlatt Satyagraha in 1919 against what kind of legislation?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, 20 June 2026, Shift 3]

A. Fresh agricultural taxation

B. Partition of Bengal

C. Detention and punishment without trial

D. Prohibition of vernacular newspapers alone

Answer: C. Detention and punishment without trial

Explanation: The 1919 Rowlatt legislation prolonged extraordinary wartime restrictions and empowered authorities to detain suspected political opponents without ordinary legal safeguards. Gandhi answered with a nationwide satyagraha, transforming opposition to repressive legislation into broader nationalist mobilisation.

Q178. What was a central component of the non-cooperation programme accepted at the Calcutta Congress session of 1920?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, 16 June 2026, Shift 3]

A. Entering councils to negotiate

B. Boycotting schools, courts and councils while encouraging khadi

C. Negotiating imperial trade agreements

D. Creating armed volunteer units

Answer: B. Boycotting schools, courts and councils while encouraging khadi

Explanation: The September 1920 special Congress session endorsed Gandhi’s programme of non-cooperation. It combined withdrawal from colonial institutions with swadeshi, spinning and khadi. The strategy aimed to erode the moral and practical support sustaining British rule.

Q177. Which British enactment prompted Gandhi to organise satyagraha in 1919?

[DSSSB Court Attendant, 5 June 2026, Shift 2]

A. Vernacular Press Act

B. Indian Slavery Act

C. Rowlatt Act

D. Defence of India Act

Answer: C. Rowlatt Act

Explanation: The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, better known as the Rowlatt Act, prompted Gandhi’s protest. It authorised severe restrictions on civil liberties, including detention without trial, despite Indian opposition in the Imperial Legislative Council.

Q176. Which prominent lawyers relinquished their legal practice during the Non-Cooperation Movement?

[DSSSB MTS, 14 May 2026, Shift 2]

A. Maulana Azad and Jinnah

B. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru

C. Patel and Tilak

D. Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das

Answer: D. Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das

Explanation: Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das gave up successful legal careers as part of the boycott of colonial law courts. The gesture showed that non-cooperation demanded personal sacrifice by established professionals, not merely demonstrations by ordinary citizens.

Q175. Which slogan became especially associated with protests against the Simon Commission?

[DSSSB MTS, 12 May 2026, Shift 3]

A. Simon Go Back

B. Freedom Now

C. Quit India

D. Jai Hind

Answer: A. Simon Go Back

Explanation: The all-British Simon Commission met mass protests when it arrived in 1928. “Simon Go Back” captured opposition to a constitutional commission that excluded Indian representation. Black flags, hartals and processions expressed the belief that Indians should determine their political future.

Q174. In which city did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre take place on 13 April 1919?

[DSSSB MTS, 12 May 2026, Shift 3]

A. Amritsar

B. Mumbai

C. Kolkata

D. Delhi

Answer: A. Amritsar

Explanation: British troops commanded by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer fired on a gathering at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab. The event occurred on Baisakhi and intensified Indian anger over colonial repression, especially in the context of the Rowlatt agitation.

Q173. In which month did Gandhi establish the Satyagraha Sabha at Bombay to oppose the Rowlatt legislation?

[DSSSB MTS, 12 May 2026, Shift 2]

A. April 1920

B. April 1919

C. February 1919

D. February 1920

Answer: C. February 1919

Explanation: Gandhi established the Satyagraha Sabha in Bombay in February 1919 to coordinate opposition to the proposed Rowlatt laws. Its organisation preceded the nationwide hartal in April, illustrating how a deliberate political campaign developed before mass protest.

Q172. Who served as Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab when the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred?

[DSSSB MTS, 9 May 2026, Shift 1]

A. Thomas Gordon Walker

B. Louis William Dane

C. Michael O’Dwyer

D. William Mackworth Young

Answer: C. Michael O’Dwyer

Explanation: Michael O’Dwyer was the civil Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab during the 1919 massacre. He must not be confused with Reginald Dyer, the army officer who ordered the firing. These were distinct figures with different official responsibilities.

Q171. What immediate incident made Gandhi withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, 9 May 2026, Shift 1]

A. Relaxation of colonial restrictions

B. Violence against police at Chauri Chaura

C. A Bombay textile strike

D. Fresh constitutional talks in London

Answer: B. Violence against police at Chauri Chaura

Explanation: On 4 February 1922 a crowd at Chauri Chaura burned a police station and killed policemen. Gandhi viewed the episode as incompatible with disciplined non-violence and soon suspended the nationwide Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q170. Why did Indian nationalists boycott the Simon Commission appointed in 1927?

[SSC GD Constable, 8 May 2026, Shift 3]

A. Its membership excluded Indians

B. It recommended provincial autonomy

C. It offered Dominion Status

D. It abolished separate electorates

Answer: A. Its membership excluded Indians

Explanation: The Indian Statutory Commission consisted entirely of British members. Nationalists regarded the exclusion of Indians from an inquiry into India’s constitutional future as unacceptable. The commission arrived in 1928 amid widespread protest and the slogan “Simon Go Back.”

Q169. Which development directly motivated Gandhi to begin the 1919 Rowlatt Satyagraha?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, 7 May 2026, Shift 3]

A. A new harvest tax

B. Legislation permitting detention without trial

C. Termination of army recruitment

D. Rejection of Dominion Status

Answer: B. Legislation permitting detention without trial

Explanation: The Rowlatt legislation authorised exceptional detention and trial procedures despite strong Indian objections. Gandhi responded by launching satyagraha against this curtailment of civil liberties. The protests became an important stage in his emergence as an all-India leader.

Q168. Who led the Khilafat agitation in India during the early 1920s?

[OSSSC Forester/Forest Guard/Excise Constable, 2 May 2026, Shift 3]

A. Nehru and Bose

B. Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

C. Lajpat Rai and Tilak

D. Azad and Gokhale

Answer: B. Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

Explanation: Brothers Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali led the campaign defending the Ottoman Caliphate after the First World War. Their collaboration with Gandhi connected the Khilafat agitation to Non-Cooperation and contributed to a period of joint anti-colonial mobilisation.

Q167. Who established the Swaraj Party following the Congress Gaya session?

[DSSSB MTS, 29 April 2026, Shift 3]

A. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

B. Lala Lajpat Rai

C. Jawaharlal Nehru

D. Chittaranjan Das

Answer: D. Chittaranjan Das

Explanation: C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party in 1923 following disagreement over entry into legislative councils. The Swarajists favoured contesting elections and obstructing colonial policy from within, while the No-Changers emphasised constructive work.

Q166. Who became the president of the Swaraj Party established in 1923?

[OSSSC Forester/Forest Guard/Excise Constable, 25 April 2026, Shift 3]

A. Motilal Nehru

B. Jawaharlal Nehru

C. Lala Lajpat Rai

D. C. R. Das

Answer: D. C. R. Das

Explanation: Chittaranjan Das served as president of the Swaraj Party, with Motilal Nehru prominent in its leadership. Established after Congress disagreement on council entry, the party sought to use legislative institutions as platforms to resist colonial governance.

Q165. Which Odia leader was prominent in the Non-Cooperation Movement in the Balasore–Bhadrak region?

[OSSSC Forester/Forest Guard/Excise Constable, 25 April 2026, Shift 2]

A. Nilakantha Das

B. Biju Patnaik

C. Gopabandhu Das

D. Harekrushna Mahtab

Answer: C. Gopabandhu Das

Explanation: Gopabandhu Das played an important role in spreading the Non-Cooperation Movement in Odisha and helped organise provincial Congress activity. His work connected local political mobilisation with the national movement under Gandhi’s leadership.

Q164. Chauri Chaura, the site of the 1922 incident, lay in which district?

[DSSSB MTS, 24 April 2026, Shift 1]

A. Gorakhpur

B. Jalandhar

C. Pauri Garhwal

D. Amritsar

Answer: A. Gorakhpur

Explanation: Chauri Chaura is in Gorakhpur district, now Uttar Pradesh. Protesters burned a police station there in February 1922, killing 22 policemen. The resulting violence prompted Gandhi to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q163. Who called for a nationwide hartal against the Rowlatt Act in 1919?

[OSSSC Forester/Forest Guard/Excise Constable, 24 April 2026, Shift 1]

A. Jawaharlal Nehru

B. Lala Lajpat Rai

C. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

D. Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: D. Mahatma Gandhi

Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi called for all-India protest against the repressive Rowlatt Act, which restricted civil liberties. The hartal and satyagraha were early examples of his efforts to mobilise people across regions through organised non-violent resistance.

Q162. Why did Indian leaders reject the 1927 Simon Commission?

[DSSSB MTS, 23 April 2026, Shift 1]

A. It demanded immediate independence

B. It recommended partition

C. It contained no Indian members

D. It dissolved provincial legislatures

Answer: C. It contained no Indian members

Explanation: The Simon Commission was constituted entirely of British politicians to review constitutional arrangements in India. Its lack of Indian members provoked criticism, boycotts and public demonstrations across the country when it arrived in 1928.

Q161. Which inquiry body investigated the Jallianwala Bagh killings?

[DSSSB MTS, 22 April 2026, Shift 1]

A. Hunter Commission

B. Hartog Commission

C. Simon Commission

D. Butler Commission

Answer: A. Hunter Commission

Explanation: The Disorders Inquiry Committee, generally called the Hunter Commission, examined the 1919 disturbances and the Amritsar firing. Its work became a major point of criticism in nationalist discussions of colonial accountability and the use of force.

Q160. Who were the chief leaders of India’s Khilafat Movement?

[OSSSC Forester/Forest Guard/Excise Constable, 20 April 2026, Shift 3]

A. Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

B. C. R. Das and Lajpat Rai

C. Motilal Nehru and Tilak

D. Gandhi and Bose

Answer: A. Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

Explanation: The Ali brothers were central leaders of the Khilafat campaign. Their objective was to defend the political-religious position of the Ottoman Caliphate, and their alliance with Gandhi helped bring broader participation to the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q159. Which nationalist became president of the Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I, 27 March 2026, Shift 1]

A. Chittaranjan Das

B. Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari

C. Motilal Nehru

D. Hakim Ajmal Khan

Answer: A. Chittaranjan Das

Explanation: C. R. Das became the first president of the Swaraj Party in January 1923. The party followed disagreement at the Gaya Congress over abandoning the boycott of legislatures and instead using councils to challenge colonial rule.

Q158. Which episode compelled Gandhi to stop the Non-Cooperation Movement?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I, 18 March 2026, Shift 2]

A. Alipore Bomb Case

B. End of the Khilafat agitation

C. Chauri Chaura incident

D. Withdrawal of the Rowlatt Act

Answer: C. Chauri Chaura incident

Explanation: The burning of a police station at Chauri Chaura in February 1922 breached Gandhi’s insistence on non-violent mass action. Believing the movement lacked sufficient discipline, he halted it despite opposition from several nationalist colleagues.

Q157. Most of Punjab was placed under martial law in the aftermath of which event?

[DSSSB MTS, 15 March 2026, Shift 1]

A. Ghadar conspiracy

B. Chauri Chaura incident

C. Golden Temple attack

D. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Answer: D. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Explanation: The Amritsar killings occurred amid intense unrest and colonial repression in Punjab in April 1919. Martial-law measures followed in parts of Punjab, deepening nationalist criticism of British governance and its response to anti-Rowlatt protests.

Q156. Where did the Chauri Chaura event of 1922 occur?

[UP Police Sub-Inspector, 15 March 2026, Shift 2]

A. Kanpur

B. Amritsar

C. Gorakhpur

D. Bardoli

Answer: C. Gorakhpur

Explanation: Chauri Chaura was located in the Gorakhpur district of the United Provinces. The clash and police-station burning on 4 February 1922 led Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement, underscoring his commitment to non-violent protest.

Q155. Which two leaders were most closely associated with the Khilafat Movement?

[DSSSB MTS, 5 March 2026, Shift 3]

A. Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das

B. Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

C. Rajendra Prasad and Malaviya

D. Bipin Pal and Lajpat Rai

Answer: B. Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

Explanation: Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, remembered as the Ali brothers, organised opposition to the treatment of the Ottoman Caliph after the First World War. The campaign overlapped with Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q154. Which mass movement drew many activists away from revolutionary activity after 1919?

[DSSSB MTS, 2 March 2026, Shift 3]

A. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

B. Simon Commission agitation

C. Lucknow Pact

D. Non-Cooperation Movement

Answer: D. Non-Cooperation Movement

Explanation: Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement offered a nationwide programme of political action through boycotts and peaceful resistance. Its mass appeal temporarily redirected many nationalists towards organised non-violent mobilisation instead of underground revolutionary methods.

Q153. Who suffered injuries during an anti-Simon Commission demonstration and later died?

[DSSSB PRT, 17 February 2026, Shift 2]

A. Motilal Nehru

B. Lala Lajpat Rai

C. C. Rajagopalachari

D. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Answer: B. Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai led protests against the Simon Commission at Lahore in October 1928. Police assaulted the marchers, and he died weeks later after sustaining injuries. His death became an important symbol of colonial repression.

Q152. In which city was Swaraj Party co-founder Chittaranjan Das born?

[SSC MTS 2025 cycle, 11 February 2026, Shift 2]

A. Bombay

B. Delhi

C. Calcutta

D. Madras

Answer: C. Calcutta

Explanation: Chittaranjan Das was born in Calcutta in 1870. Known as Deshbandhu, he was a major nationalist leader who supported Non-Cooperation and later co-founded the Swaraj Party with Motilal Nehru in 1923.

Q151. Who was Viceroy of India when the Simon Commission arrived in 1928?

[SSC MTS 2025 cycle, held 11 February 2026, Shift 2]

A. Lord Irwin

B. Lord Chelmsford

C. Lord Willingdon

D. Lord Linlithgow

Answer: A. Lord Irwin

Explanation: Lord Irwin was Viceroy from 1926 to 1931 and therefore occupied the position when the Simon Commission reached India. The commission was widely opposed because it excluded Indian representatives.

Q150. Which law allowed colonial authorities to hold political prisoners without trial for as long as two years?

[SSC MTS 2025 cycle, 10 February 2026, Shift 1]

A. Indian Councils Act 1861

B. Indian Councils Act 1891

C. Morley–Minto Act

D. Rowlatt Act

Answer: D. Rowlatt Act

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act of 1919 empowered colonial authorities to detain people suspected of political activity without normal trial protections. This repressive measure sparked Gandhi’s Rowlatt Satyagraha and wider opposition to British administration.

Q149. Which of these incidents occurred on 13 April 1919?

[SSC MTS 2025 cycle, 6 February 2026, Shift 3]

A. Ahmedabad Mill Strike

B. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

C. Chauri Chaura incident

D. Champaran Satyagraha

Answer: B. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Explanation: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in Amritsar on 13 April 1919, during Baisakhi. Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops to fire on the assembled crowd, prompting intense outrage and helping radicalise the national movement.

Q148. Regarding the Rowlatt Satyagraha, consider: (1) the Act permitted arrest and imprisonment without trial; (2) Gandhi called for satyagraha against it in April 1917. Which statement is correct?

[AFCAT, 31 January 2026, Shift 1]

A. Both statements

B. Neither statement

C. Statement 2 only

D. Statement 1 only

Answer: D. Statement 1 only

Explanation: Statement 1 is correct because the Act authorised detention without ordinary trial safeguards. Statement 2 is wrong: the legislation and Gandhi’s protest belong to 1919, not 1917. Correct chronology is vital for distinguishing Gandhi’s early satyagrahas.

Q147. Which future British prime minister described the Jallianwala Bagh massacre as “unutterably monstrous”?

[UGC NET Political Science, 6 January 2026, Shift 1]

A. Winston Churchill

B. Harold Macmillan

C. Anthony Eden

D. William Gladstone

Answer: A. Winston Churchill

Explanation: Winston Churchill condemned the Amritsar massacre during a British parliamentary debate in 1920. His characterisation concerned the firing on civilians ordered by Reginald Dyer in April 1919, an event widely criticised in Britain and India.

Q146. What combination was recommended by the Nehru Report of 1928?

[Delhi Police Constable, 5 January 2026, Shift 3]

A. Complete independence and joint electorates

B. Complete independence and separate electorates

C. Dominion Status and joint electorates

D. Dominion Status and separate electorates

Answer: C. Dominion Status and joint electorates

Explanation: The Nehru Report chaired by Motilal Nehru advocated Dominion Status and joint electorates, while proposing constitutional protections for minorities. Its position differed both from complete independence advocates and from proposals preserving separate communal electorates.

Q145. Which committee was appointed to investigate events at Jallianwala Bagh?

[Delhi Police Constable, 3 January 2026, Shift 3]

A. Simon Commission

B. Muddiman Committee

C. Hunter Commission

D. Butler Committee

Answer: C. Hunter Commission

Explanation: The Disorders Inquiry Committee, known as the Hunter Commission, was established after the 1919 Amritsar massacre. Chaired by Lord William Hunter, it examined disturbances and the actions of authorities during the Punjab crisis.

Q144. Which committee investigated the disturbances following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

[PSSSB Senior Assistant, 21 December 2025]

A. Sedition Committee

B. Rowlatt Committee

C. Hunter Committee

D. None

Answer: C. Hunter Committee

Explanation: The government formed the Disorders Inquiry Committee, popularly called the Hunter Committee, in October 1919. It investigated the Punjab disturbances, including the firing at Jallianwala Bagh, and examined the conduct of colonial officers.

Q143. In which year did Gandhi begin the Non-Cooperation Movement?

[OSSSC CRE Preliminary, 20 October 2025, Shift 3]

A. 1917

B. 1927

C. 1920

D. 1922

Answer: C. 1920

Explanation: Gandhi launched his Non-Cooperation programme in 1920, seeking swaraj through peaceful withdrawal of cooperation from colonial institutions. The movement followed outrage over the Rowlatt Act, the Punjab atrocities and the Khilafat question.

Q142. What principally explains the Indian boycott of the Simon Commission?

[Bihar STET Social Science, 14 October 2025, Shift 1, memory-based]

A. It pardoned perpetrators of Amritsar

B. All seven commissioners were British

C. It empowered Indian judges over Europeans

D. It jailed every nationalist leader

Answer: B. All seven commissioners were British

Explanation: Indian leaders opposed the commission because no Indian member was appointed to review India’s constitutional future. The decision generated broad protests and made the Simon Commission a symbol of the exclusionary character of colonial reform.

Q141. Which combined movement brought Gandhi into nationwide political prominence?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, 9 September 2025, Shift 1]

A. Civil Disobedience Movement

B. Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

C. Salt Satyagraha

D. Champaran Satyagraha

Answer: B. Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement

Explanation: Gandhi’s leadership of the linked Khilafat and Non-Cooperation campaigns in 1920–22 mobilised diverse social groups across India. Earlier local satyagrahas had already established his leadership in specific regions.

Q140. Assess:
(1) Simon Commission was opposed because its membership was entirely Indian.
(2) Nehru Report demanded immediate full independence.

Which is correct?

[SSC Stenographer 2025, 7 August 2025, Shift 3]

A. Neither statement

B. Statement 1 only

C. Statement 2 only

D. Both statements

Answer: A. Neither statement

Explanation: The Simon Commission had no Indian members, making statement 1 false. The Nehru Report of 1928 sought Dominion Status, not immediate complete independence, making statement 2 false. Both propositions reverse important facts of the constitutional debate.

Q139. What happened to Lala Lajpat Rai after the anti-Simon Commission protest?

[Punjab Police Constable, 30 May 2025, Shift 1]

A. He was appointed protest chairman

B. He sustained injuries and later died

C. He was jailed for life

D. He received a British honour

Answer: B. He sustained injuries and later died

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai suffered injuries in a police lathi charge while leading an anti-Simon Commission demonstration in Lahore in 1928. He subsequently died, and his death inspired outrage and revolutionary retaliation.

Q138. Who provided legal defence to the people arrested in the aftermath of the Chauri Chaura incident?

[UPSC CSE Prelims 2025, General Studies Paper I, 25 May 2025]

A. C. R. Das

B. Madan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant

C. Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew and Khwaja Hasan Nizami

D. M. A. Jinnah

Answer: B. Madan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant

Explanation: Madan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant provided legal defence to persons prosecuted over the Chauri Chaura violence. Malaviya argued appeals in the Allahabad High Court, helping reduce severe sentences. The incident had prompted Gandhi to discontinue Non-Cooperation in 1922.

Q137. In which year did the British enact the Rowlatt Act?

[Gujarat PSI Paper I, 13 April 2025]

A. 1916

B. 1917

C. 1918

D. 1919

Answer: D. 1919

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act was enacted in 1919 and gave the government extensive powers to curb political dissent. Indians condemned detention without trial and other restrictions, inspiring Gandhi’s anti-Rowlatt satyagraha.

Q136. In British India, which Act permitted detention without trial for up to two years?

[UPSC NDA-I 2025, General Ability Test, 13 April 2025]

A. Regulating Act, 1773

B. Rowlatt Act, 1919

C. Pitt’s India Act, 1784

D. Government of India Act, 1935

Answer: B. Rowlatt Act, 1919

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act, formally the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, permitted extraordinary detention without trial. The measure provoked strong nationalist resistance, and Gandhi organised satyagraha against it. Its curtailment of civil liberties distinguished it from the other listed Acts.

Q135. The Khilafat agitation arose primarily as a protest concerning which issue?

[RPF Sub-Inspector CBT-I, 13 December 2024, Shift 3]

A. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

B. Partition of Bengal

C. Rowlatt Act

D. Breakup of the Ottoman Empire

Answer: D. Breakup of the Ottoman Empire

Explanation: The post-First World War settlement threatened the Ottoman Empire and the political-religious institution of the Caliphate. Indian Muslim leaders organised the Khilafat agitation to defend these interests and later allied with Gandhi.

Q134. When and for what purpose was the Simon Commission appointed?

[SSC Stenographer 2024, 10 December 2024, Shift 3]

A. 1927, to examine possible constitutional reforms

B. 1924, to revise Swaraj

C. 1939, to assess war readiness

D. 1942, to improve military transport

Answer: A. 1927, to examine possible constitutional reforms

Explanation: Appointed in 1927, the Simon Commission was tasked with reviewing political arrangements introduced by the Government of India Act 1919 and recommending constitutional changes. Its entirely British membership generated wide protests after it reached India.

Q133. Which constitutional goal was advocated by the Nehru Report?

[MPSC Rajyaseva Prelims, 1 December 2024]

A. Dominion Status

B. Two separate nations

C. Home Rule League formation

D. Immediate complete independence

Answer: A. Dominion Status

Explanation: The 1928 report, chaired by Motilal Nehru, recommended Dominion Status for India. It also proposed fundamental rights and a constitutional framework, while some younger nationalists increasingly demanded complete independence.

Q132. Which commission was constituted to investigate the Amritsar massacre of 1919?

[SSC MTS, 14 November 2024, Shift 2]

A. Sadler Commission

B. Hunter Commission

C. Simon Commission

D. Peel Commission

Answer: B. Hunter Commission

Explanation: The British appointed the Hunter Commission to investigate the events in Punjab after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Nationalist critics considered the colonial response inadequate and questioned whether senior officials would face meaningful accountability.

Q131. The Swaraj Party was established within which larger political organisation?

[SSC MTS, 5 November 2024, Shift 2]

A. Indian National Congress

B. Unionist Party

C. Independent Labour Party

D. Muslim League

Answer: A. Indian National Congress

Explanation: C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru established the Swaraj Party within the Congress in 1923. They advocated entering legislative councils to oppose colonial policies from within, breaking with the No-Changers’ continued boycott strategy.

Q130. Which pair launched the Khilafat Movement against British policy?

[SSC MTS, 30 October 2024, Shift 3]

A. Nabiullah and M. A. Ansari

B. Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali

C. Raza Ali and Jinnah

D. Mazharul Haque and Abdul Aziz

Answer: B. Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali

Explanation: The Ali brothers, Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, led India’s Khilafat agitation beginning in 1919. They opposed the post-war treatment of the Ottoman Caliphate and subsequently worked with Gandhi during the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q129. At which place did protesters burn a police station during the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1922?

[SSC MTS, 30 October 2024, Shift 1]

A. Kakori

B. Dhaka

C. Dandi

D. Chauri Chaura

Answer: D. Chauri Chaura

Explanation: A crowd burned the police station at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur district during February 1922. Gandhi considered the deaths that resulted incompatible with non-violence and halted the Non-Cooperation Movement shortly afterwards.

Q128. Which freedom fighter died after injuries received during a protest against the Simon Commission?

[SSC MTS 2024, 23 October 2024, Shift 3]

A. Chandra Shekhar Azad

B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

C. Bhagat Singh

D. Lala Lajpat Rai

Answer: D. Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai led a demonstration in Lahore against the Simon Commission in October 1928. Injured during a police lathi charge, he died on 17 November 1928.

Q127. Which inquiry body investigated the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

[SSC MTS 2024, 8 October 2024, Shift 3]

A. Sadler Committee

B. Hunter Committee

C. Fowler Committee

D. Butler Committee

Answer: B. Hunter Committee

Explanation: The Hunter Committee examined Punjab disturbances and the actions of Brigadier-General Dyer after the April 1919 shootings. Its official investigation failed to satisfy nationalists demanding accountability for the killing of unarmed civilians.

Q126. Who prepared the 1928 Nehru Report proposing Dominion Status for India?

[SSC MTS, 30 September 2024, Shift 2]

A. Motilal Nehru

B. Jawaharlal Nehru

C. Subhas Chandra Bose

D. Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: A. Motilal Nehru

Explanation: Motilal Nehru chaired the committee responsible for the Nehru Report. Its constitutional proposals included Dominion Status and joint electorates, making it an important Indian-authored response to debates prompted by the Simon Commission.

Q125. The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn following which incident?

[SSC CGL Tier I, 24 September 2024, Shift 3]

A. Start of World War I

B. Kakori train action

C. Chauri Chaura incident

D. Komagata Maru episode

Answer: C. Chauri Chaura incident

Explanation: Gandhi suspended the campaign after the violent Chauri Chaura clash in February 1922. The burning of a police station and the deaths of policemen made him conclude that disciplined non-violence had broken down.

Q124. Which episode occurred in the United Provinces in February 1922?

[SSC CGL Tier I, 11 September 2024, Shift 3]

A. Quit India

B. Chauri Chaura

C. Khilafat Movement founding

D. Kakori train action

Answer: B. Chauri Chaura

Explanation: Chauri Chaura took place in the Gorakhpur region of the United Provinces in February 1922. Its violent confrontation between protesters and police led to the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q123. In which year did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occur?

[OSSC CGLRE Mains, 1 September 2024]

A. 1914

B. 1918

C. 1919

D. 1921

Answer: C. 1919

Explanation: The massacre took place on 13 April 1919 at Amritsar. Troops led by General Dyer opened fire on a public gathering; the incident produced national outrage and damaged faith in British promises of just rule.

Q122. When was the appointment of the Simon Commission announced?

[Bihar TRE 3.0 Social Science, 19 July 2024]

A. 8 November 1928

B. 8 November 1929

C. 8 December 1927

D. None of these

Answer: D. None of these

Explanation: The British government announced the Simon Commission on 8 November 1927, rather than any of the three dates listed. The commission examined constitutional reforms but lacked Indian members, provoking protests after arriving in 1928.

Q121. Which British officer was nicknamed the Butcher of Amritsar after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

[SSC CHSL Tier-I 2024, 11 July 2024, Shift 4]

A. Reginald Dyer

B. Robert Clive

C. William Slim

D. William Birdwood

Answer: A. Reginald Dyer

Explanation: Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to fire on unarmed civilians at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919. The massacre became a focal point of Indian anger against colonial rule.

Q120. What movement did the Ali brothers and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad lead to defend the Ottoman Caliphate?

[SSC CHSL Tier-I 2024, 9 July 2024, Shift 3]

A. Wahabi Movement

B. Faraizi Movement

C. Khilafat Movement

D. Ahmadiyya Movement

Answer: C. Khilafat Movement

Explanation: The Khilafat Movement mobilised Indian Muslims in defence of the Ottoman Caliphate after World War I. Mohammad Ali, Shaukat Ali and Abul Kalam Azad played major roles, while Gandhi supported the cause.

Q119. Chauri Chaura, whose violence ended Non-Cooperation, is near which district headquarters?

[SSC Selection Post Higher Secondary, 26 June 2024, Shift 2]

A. Lucknow

B. Mathura

C. Meerut

D. Gorakhpur

Answer: D. Gorakhpur

Explanation: Chauri Chaura lies in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh. On 4 February 1922 protesters burned the local police station, leading Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement because of his uncompromising commitment to non-violence.

Q118. Who stopped the Non-Cooperation Movement after the Chauri Chaura violence?

[SSC Junior Engineer Electrical, 6 June 2024, Shift 2]

A. Lala Lajpat Rai

B. Mahatma Gandhi

C. Rajendra Prasad

D. Chittaranjan Das

Answer: B. Mahatma Gandhi

Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the movement after the Chauri Chaura police-station burning. He maintained that a national satyagraha required non-violent discipline and could not continue effectively amid violent attacks.

Q117. When was the Khilafat Committee formed?

[OSSSC LSI/Forester/Forest Guard, 3 May 2024, Shift 2]

A. January 1901

B. January 1921

C. March 1920

D. March 1919

Answer: D. March 1919

Explanation: The Khilafat Committee emerged in 1919 as Indian Muslim leaders protested the postwar treatment of the Ottoman Empire. Its activities later intersected with the Non-Cooperation Movement under Gandhi.

Q116. Arrange these events chronologically: (1) launch of Non-Cooperation; (2) All-India Khilafat Conference in Delhi; (3) Rowlatt Act passed; (4) Jallianwala Bagh incident.

[UPSC NDA-I 2024, General Ability Test, 21 April 2024]

A. 1, 2, 3, 4

B. 3, 4, 2, 1

C. 3, 2, 4, 1

D. 2, 3, 4, 1

Answer: B. 3, 4, 2, 1

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919, followed by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in April. The All-India Khilafat Conference met in Delhi in November 1919. Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation campaign then developed in 1920, producing the order 3–4–2–1.

Q115. Under which repressive Act did authorities possess detention powers during the 1919 Amritsar crisis?

[SSC GD, 1 March 2024, Shift 3]

A. Government of India Act

B. Rowlatt Act

C. Simon Commission

D. Montagu–Chelmsford reforms

Answer: B. Rowlatt Act

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act authorised severe restrictions on political freedom and detention without trial. Its enactment fuelled the 1919 satyagraha and unrest that formed the background to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

Q114. Which two men were known as the Ali brothers in the Khilafat Movement?

[SSC GD, 29 February 2024, Shift 2]

A. Mohammad Ali and Saiyyed Ali

B. Feroz Ali and Shaukat Ali

C. Mohammad Ali and Ahmed Ali

D. Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

Answer: D. Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

Explanation: Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali organised the Khilafat agitation in India. Their campaign sought to safeguard the Ottoman Caliph’s position after World War I and developed close links with Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q113. The Rowlatt Act became law in which year?

[SSC GD, 28 February 2024, Shift 3]

A. 1913

B. 1919

C. 1923

D. 1909

Answer: B. 1919

Explanation: The British passed the Rowlatt Act in March 1919. It enabled political detention without ordinary trial and became the target of Gandhi’s first nationwide satyagraha against a major colonial statute.

Q112. Who was Viceroy of India at the time of the Rowlatt Act?

[SSC GD, 27 February 2024, Shift 2]

A. Lord Dalhousie

B. Lord Irwin

C. Lord Chelmsford

D. Lord Curzon

Answer: C. Lord Chelmsford

Explanation: Lord Chelmsford was Viceroy when the Rowlatt Act was enacted in 1919. His administration faced widespread nationalist opposition because the legislation curtailed civil liberties and authorised detention without ordinary legal process.

Q111. In which year did the Simon Commission reach India?

[SSC GD Constable 2024, 22 February 2024, Shift 1]

A. 1931

B. 1919

C. 1922

D. 1928

Answer: D. 1928

Explanation: The commission was appointed in November 1927 but arrived in India in February 1928. Since all its members were British, political organisations protested against the exclusion of Indian voices from constitutional decision-making.

Q110. Regarding the Simon Commission, assess: (1) it visited India twice; (2) its second tour ran 11 October 1929 to 13 April 1930. Which statement is true?

[UPPSC RO/ARO General Studies, 11 February 2024]

A. Neither

B. Statement 1 only

C. Statement 2 only

D. Both

Answer: B. Statement 1 only

Explanation: The Simon Commission made more than one visit, so statement 1 is correct. Its second visit did not continue to April 1930 as claimed; the dates in statement 2 are inaccurate.

Q109. Regarding Rowlatt Satyagraha, consider:
(1) it was an early all-India struggle, though chiefly urban;
(2) the Rowlatt Act restricted free expression and strengthened police powers.

Which is correct?

[CGPSC State Service Prelims 2023 cycle, General Studies, held 11 February 2024]

A. Both statements 1 and 2

B. Only statement 1

C. Only statement 2

D. Neither statement

Answer: A. Both statements 1 and 2

Explanation: Gandhi’s 1919 Rowlatt Satyagraha represented an important early nationwide protest, although much activity was concentrated in towns. The law extended extraordinary police and detention powers. Both propositions accurately summarise its political significance and civil-liberties implications.

Q108. What was the major aim of the Non-Cooperation Movement launched in 1920?

[DFCCIL Executive (Electrical), 20 December 2023]

A. Self-government

B. Economic equality alone

C. Preserving Crown rule

D. Social reforms alone

Answer: A. Self-government

Explanation: Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement aimed for Swaraj by withdrawing Indian participation from colonial institutions and promoting Indian products. Its organised boycotts challenged the social and economic foundations of the colonial administration.

Q107. Which document represented an early effective Indian effort to frame a national constitution?

[Bihar TRE 2.0 PGT Political Science, 15 December 2023]

A. Jinnah’s Fourteen Points

B. Poona Pact

C. Nehru Report

D. None of these

Answer: C. Nehru Report

Explanation: The Nehru Report of 1928 was an important Indian-authored constitutional proposal. Led by Motilal Nehru, the committee outlined Dominion Status, representative government and fundamental rights in response to contemporary political demands.

Q106. Who opposed the plan to boycott legislative councils during the Non-Cooperation era?

[Bihar TRE 2.0 Social Science, 9 December 2023]

A. Motilal Nehru

B. Chittaranjan Das

C. Lala Lajpat Rai

D. More than one of these

Answer: D. More than one of these

Explanation: Several Congress leaders questioned council boycott and eventually supported constitutional participation. Differences after 1922 led C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru to establish the Swaraj Party, whose strategy contrasted with that of the No-Changers.

Q105. Why was the Khilafat Movement started in India?

[Delhi Police Constable, 29 November 2023, Shift 2]

A. To defend the Ottoman Caliphate in Turkey

B. To protest only the Amritsar massacre

C. To oppose communal electorates

D. To campaign for press freedom

Answer: A. To defend the Ottoman Caliphate in Turkey

Explanation: After World War I, Indian Muslim leaders feared the loss of the Ottoman Caliphate’s authority. Their Khilafat campaign, especially under the Ali brothers, overlapped with Gandhi’s national Non-Cooperation agitation.

Q104. Who presided over the September 1920 special Congress session at Calcutta that passed the Non-Cooperation resolution?

[RPSC RAS Prelims 2023, General Knowledge and General Science, 1 October 2023]

A. Dadabhai Naoroji

B. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

C. Lala Lajpat Rai

D. Vijaya Raghavachari

Answer: C. Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai presided over the special Indian National Congress session at Calcutta in September 1920. It endorsed Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation programme. Vijaya Raghavachari, another option, instead presided over the regular Nagpur Congress session in December 1920.

Q103. Which of the following happened in 1919?

[SSC MTS, 14 September 2023, Shift 2]

A. Renewal of a Charter Act

B. Representation of the People Act

C. Suppression of Thuggee Act

D. Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act

Answer: D. Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act

Explanation: Gandhi organised satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act in 1919. The statute extended extraordinary repression, prompting strikes and mass protests and linking civil-liberties concerns to the wider Indian freedom struggle.

Q102. Gandhi’s programme of Non-Cooperation included sympathy for which cause connected with Turkey?

[MP Police Constable, 23 August 2023, Shift 1]

A. Khilafat Movement

B. Kheda Movement

C. Civil Disobedience Movement

D. Indian Home Rule Movement

Answer: A. Khilafat Movement

Explanation: The Khilafat agitation sought protection of the Ottoman Caliph’s position after World War I. Gandhi allied it with his Non-Cooperation campaign, aiming to create Hindu-Muslim solidarity against British colonial authority.

Q101. Who died from injuries suffered during anti-Simon Commission protests in 1928?

[SSC CHSL Tier I, 11 August 2023, Shift 1]

A. Lala Lajpat Rai

B. Lala Hardayal

C. Bhagat Singh

D. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Answer: A. Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai led protests in Lahore against the all-British Simon Commission. A police lathi charge injured him, and he died weeks later. The episode fuelled anger against colonial repression.

Q100. Which incident persuaded Gandhi to stop Non-Cooperation in February 1922?

[SSC MTS 2022 cycle, 19 June 2023, Shift 1]

A. Chauri Chaura

B. Central Assembly bombing

C. Kakori action

D. Jallianwala Bagh

Answer: A. Chauri Chaura

Explanation: Gandhi halted Non-Cooperation because protesters burned a police station at Chauri Chaura. He argued that the movement could not maintain its moral force unless its participants adhered to non-violent discipline.

Q99. Motilal Nehru presented his constitutional report in which year?

[MP Forest Guard/Jail Prahari, 13 June 2023, Shift 3]

A. 1920

B. 1925

C. 1928

D. 1932

Answer: C. 1928

Explanation: The Nehru Report was presented in 1928 under Motilal Nehru’s chairmanship. It proposed a constitutional framework and Dominion Status, becoming a central reference in debates over Indian self-government.

Q98. Which incident caused the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

[MP Forest Guard/Jail Prahari, 12 June 2023, Shift 2]

A. Lahore Conspiracy

B. Chauri Chaura

C. Champaran Satyagraha

D. Jallianwala Bagh

Answer: B. Chauri Chaura

Explanation: Violence at Chauri Chaura on 4 February 1922 caused Gandhi to withdraw the nationwide agitation. Protesters burned a police station after clashes with police, undermining the movement’s declared commitment to nonviolence.

Q97. In what year was Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement launched?

[MP Forest Guard/Jail Prahari, 3 June 2023, Shift 2]

A. 1915

B. 1920

C. 1929

D. 1942

Answer: B. 1920

Explanation: Gandhi launched Non-Cooperation in 1920 after the Rowlatt Act agitation, Punjab atrocities and the Khilafat issue. Boycotts of foreign goods, courts and government schools became important parts of mass participation.

Q96. What was the principal objective of the Simon Commission?

[SSC MTS, 19 May 2023, Shift 1]

A. To assess India’s political-constitutional arrangements

B. To settle India’s religious future

C. To determine education policy

D. To design an economic plan

Answer: A. To assess India’s political-constitutional arrangements

Explanation: The Simon Commission reviewed the operation of the Government of India Act 1919 and suggested constitutional reforms. The commission’s all-British composition provoked protests across India when it visited in 1928.

Q95. Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das left legal practice as part of which movement?

[SSC MTS 2022 cycle, 17 May 2023, Shift 1]

A. Self-Respect Movement

B. Quit India Movement

C. Non-Cooperation Movement

D. Civil Disobedience Movement

Answer: C. Non-Cooperation Movement

Explanation: During Non-Cooperation, Gandhi asked professionals to boycott colonial courts. Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das abandoned their legal practices, symbolising elite participation in wider peaceful resistance to British institutions.

Q94. The Chauri Chaura incident occurred in which year?

[SSC MTS 2022 cycle, 16 May 2023, Shift 1]

A. 1901

B. 1915

C. 1922

D. 1908

Answer: C. 1922

Explanation: The Chauri Chaura episode occurred on 4 February 1922 in what is now Uttar Pradesh. Violent attacks and a police-station burning prompted Gandhi to stop the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q93. In which month of 1922 was the Chauri Chaura police station set on fire?

[SSC CHSL 2022 cycle, 17 March 2023, Shift 4]

A. June

B. February

C. December

D. April

Answer: B. February

Explanation: The Chauri Chaura incident occurred in February 1922. Gandhi suspended Non-Cooperation soon afterwards because he believed mass political resistance had to remain strictly non-violent.

Q92. How many constitutional demands did Jinnah present in March 1929?

[CRPF Head Constable Ministerial, 27 February 2023, Shift 2]

A. 11

B. 7

C. 14

D. 20

Answer: C. 14

Explanation: Muhammad Ali Jinnah put forward Fourteen Points in 1929 to safeguard Muslim political and constitutional interests. The proposals followed disagreements about representation and safeguards in the 1928 Nehru Report.

Q91. Which British officer ordered the firing at Jallianwala Bagh?

[SSC GD 2022 cycle, held 13 February 2023, Shift 3]

A. General Dawson

B. General Dyer

C. General Haunters

D. General Panters

Answer: B. General Dyer

Explanation: Reginald Edward Harry Dyer directed his troops to fire on unarmed people gathered in Amritsar on 13 April 1919. The episode shocked India and became a symbol of colonial oppression.

Q90. Which leaders founded the Swaraj Party to revive participation in legislative politics?

[SSC GD 2022 cycle, 31 January 2023, Shift 2]

A. C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru

B. C. R. Das and Jawaharlal Nehru

C. Tilak and Motilal Nehru

D. Tilak and Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: A. C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru

Explanation: After the withdrawal of Non-Cooperation, C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru supported entering legislative councils. Their Swaraj Party challenged government actions from within legislatures, unlike Congress colleagues who maintained the boycott.

Q89. On what date did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occur?

[SSC GD 2022 cycle, held 27 January 2023, Shift 4]

A. 11 April 1919

B. 13 April 1920

C. 13 April 1919

D. 13 April 1918

Answer: C. 13 April 1919

Explanation: The massacre occurred on Baisakhi, 13 April 1919, in Amritsar. Brigadier-General Dyer’s order to fire on the gathering prompted outrage across the country and weakened Indian trust in colonial administration.

Q88. What set of constitutional demands did Jinnah propose after disagreements over the Nehru Report?

[Andhra Pradesh Police Constable Prelims, 22 January 2023]

A. Thirteen Points

B. Fourteen Points

C. Fifteen Points

D. Sixteen Points

Answer: B. Fourteen Points

Explanation: In 1929 Muhammad Ali Jinnah formulated his Fourteen Points, responding to Muslim League concerns about the 1928 Nehru Report. The proposals emphasised provincial autonomy, representation and safeguards for religious and cultural rights.

Q87. Jallianwala Bagh, site of the 1919 massacre, is in which state?

[SSC GD 2022 cycle, held 16 January 2023, Shift 1]

A. Haryana

B. Uttar Pradesh

C. Madhya Pradesh

D. Punjab

Answer: D. Punjab

Explanation: Jallianwala Bagh is located in Amritsar, Punjab. The British military opened fire on civilians there in April 1919, creating one of the most significant turning points in Indian anticolonial politics.

Q86. What was the main purpose of sending the Simon Commission to India?

[Karnataka Police RSI, 8 January 2023]

A. Study constitutional matters and recommend reforms

B. Select members of the Indian Council

C. Resolve Congress-government disputes

D. Create a separate government agency

Answer: A. Study constitutional matters and recommend reforms

Explanation: The Simon Commission reviewed constitutional arrangements under the 1919 reforms and recommended changes. Its lack of Indian members provoked widespread demonstrations during its Indian tour in 1928.

Q85. What political decision followed the Chauri Chaura incident?

[Karnataka Police KSRP SI, 18 December 2022]

A. Gandhi was immediately arrested

B. Motilal Nehru was arrested

C. Gandhi withdrew Non-Cooperation

D. Gandhi launched Khilafat

Answer: C. Gandhi withdrew Non-Cooperation

Explanation: After protest violence at Chauri Chaura on 4 February 1922, Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement. The incident highlighted tensions between mass mobilisation and the discipline of nonviolent satyagraha.

Q84. After which incident was the Non-Cooperation Movement withdrawn?

[SSC CGL Tier-I 2022, 13 December 2022, Shift 1]

A. Jallianwala Bagh

B. Chauri Chaura

C. Partition of Bengal

D. Round Table Conferences

Answer: B. Chauri Chaura

Explanation: The Chauri Chaura incident triggered the withdrawal of Non-Cooperation in February 1922. Gandhi believed that the death of policemen during a violent confrontation was incompatible with the disciplined nonviolence required for satyagraha.

Q83. Who was chiefly responsible for preparing the Nehru Report?

[JKSSB Sub-Inspector, 12 December 2022, Shift 2]

A. Jawaharlal Nehru

B. Motilal Nehru

C. Kamala Nehru

D. Brijlal Nehru

Answer: B. Motilal Nehru

Explanation: Motilal Nehru chaired the committee that drafted the Nehru Report in 1928. Its proposals included Dominion Status and constitutional rights, shaping discussions on Indian self-government before the demand for complete independence intensified.

Q82. The Rowlatt Act permitted detention of political prisoners without trial for what period?

[SSC CGL Tier I, 2 December 2022, Shift 2]

A. Two years

B. Six months

C. Two months

D. One year

Answer: A. Two years

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act provided for political detention without trial for up to two years. Indians condemned the legislation as a severe assault on civil liberties, and Gandhi called for nationwide satyagraha in 1919.

Q81. Which pairing of an event and its year is incorrect?

[RRB Group D, 11 October 2022, Shift 3]

A. Partition of Bengal—1905

B. Quit India—1942

C. Jallianwala Bagh—1919

D. Dandi March—1910

Answer: D. Dandi March—1910

Explanation: The Dandi March took place in 1930, not 1910. The other pairings are chronologically correct: Bengal partition occurred in 1905, the Amritsar massacre in 1919 and Quit India in 1942.

Q80. Which event led Gandhi to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement?

[CUET General Test, 6 October 2022]

A. Kakori episode

B. Chauri Chaura episode

C. Yang-bang episode

D. Jallianwala Bagh episode

Answer: B. Chauri Chaura episode

Explanation: Gandhi suspended Non-Cooperation after violence at Chauri Chaura, where a police station was set ablaze in February 1922. The withdrawal demonstrated the centrality of nonviolent discipline to his political method.

Q79. Chauri Chaura, where a police station was burned in February 1922, is in which state?

[BPSC 67th Prelims re-exam, 30 September 2022]

A. Madhya Pradesh

B. Bihar

C. Uttar Pradesh

D. Rajasthan

Answer: C. Uttar Pradesh

Explanation: Chauri Chaura belongs to Gorakhpur district in Uttar Pradesh, formerly the United Provinces. Its violent incident during Non-Cooperation led Gandhi to suspend the mass campaign nationally.

Q78. Which commission investigated the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

[RRB Group D, 30 September 2022, Shift 2]

A. Babington Smith Commission

B. Fraser Commission

C. Hunter Commission

D. Butler Commission

Answer: C. Hunter Commission

Explanation: The Hunter Commission investigated Punjab disturbances and the Jallianwala Bagh shootings of April 1919. The committee’s response to General Dyer attracted strong criticism from Indian nationalists.

Q77. In which state is the historic town of Chauri Chaura situated?

[RRB Group D, 14 September 2022, Shift 3]

A. Himachal Pradesh

B. Uttar Pradesh

C. Andhra Pradesh

D. Kerala

Answer: B. Uttar Pradesh

Explanation: Chauri Chaura is in Uttar Pradesh’s Gorakhpur district. The incident of 4 February 1922, involving clashes with police and the burning of a police station, led Gandhi to call off Non-Cooperation.

Q76. Who was Viceroy when the Rowlatt Act was passed?

[RRB Group D, 2 September 2022, Shift 3]

A. Lord Canning

B. Lord Reading

C. Lord Chelmsford

D. Lord Curzon

Answer: C. Lord Chelmsford

Explanation: Lord Chelmsford served as Viceroy of India from 1916 to 1921, including during passage of the Rowlatt Act in 1919. The legislation provoked Gandhi’s nationwide satyagraha.

Q75. Which event–year statement about India’s freedom struggle is accurate?

[RRB Group D, 1 September 2022, Shift 3]

A. Depressed Classes Association founded in 1932

B. Gandhi halted Non-Cooperation after Chauri Chaura in 1922

C. Dyer fired at Amritsar in 1918

D. Complete Independence adopted in 1928

Answer: B. Gandhi halted Non-Cooperation after Chauri Chaura in 1922

Explanation: Gandhi halted the nationwide Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 after the violent Chauri Chaura incident. The other statements misdate the relevant historical events or resolutions.

Q74. What caused Gandhi to terminate his non-cooperation agitation in February 1922?

[RRB Group D, 29 August 2022, Shift 3]

A. Approval of the Rowlatt Act

B. Chauri Chaura incident

C. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

D. Khilafat agitation

Answer: B. Chauri Chaura incident

Explanation: At Chauri Chaura, a crowd attacked and burned a police station, killing policemen. Gandhi halted the movement because violence violated the non-violent basis of his satyagraha programme.

Q73. Match events with years: Simon Commission visits India, Cripps Mission, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Chauri Chaura.

[RRB Group D, 26 August 2022, Shift 2]

A. 1928, 1919, 1942, 1922

B. 1922, 1942, 1919, 1928

C. 1928, 1942, 1919, 1922

D. 1919, 1928, 1942, 1922

Answer: C. 1928, 1942, 1919, 1922

Explanation: The Simon Commission arrived in 1928, the Cripps Mission in 1942, Jallianwala Bagh occurred in 1919 and Chauri Chaura in 1922. The chronology spans two phases of nationalist constitutional and mass-movement politics.

Q72. Against which act did Gandhi call a nationwide satyagraha in 1919?

[RRB Group D, 24 August 2022, Shift 2]

A. Regulating Act

B. Inland Emigration Act

C. Pitt’s India Act

D. Rowlatt Act

Answer: D. Rowlatt Act

Explanation: Gandhi protested against the Rowlatt Act because it curtailed civil liberties and permitted detention without normal trial procedures. The agitation marked an important early attempt to mobilise India on a national scale.

Q71. In what year did the Chauri Chaura incident occur?

[RRB Group D, 22 August 2022, Shift 3]

A. 1921

B. 1922

C. 1920

D. 1919

Answer: B. 1922

Explanation: Chauri Chaura violence took place on 4 February 1922 during the Non-Cooperation Movement. Gandhi ended the campaign soon afterward, arguing that the struggle for freedom had to follow a nonviolent course.

Q70. What is the date of the Chauri Chaura incident?

[APSSB Forester, 26 June 2022]

A. 4 February 1922

B. 14 February 1932

C. 4 February 1920

D. None of the above

Answer: A. 4 February 1922

Explanation: On 4 February 1922, participants in the Non-Cooperation agitation clashed with police at Chauri Chaura in present-day Uttar Pradesh. The violence caused Gandhi to halt the national movement.

Q69. Who was identified with the later New Swarajists advocating constitutional participation?

[Rajasthan Police Constable, 13 May 2022, Shift 1]

A. Bhulabhai Desai

B. Madhav Desai

C. Govind Ballabh Pant

D. C. Rajagopalachari

Answer: A. Bhulabhai Desai

Explanation: Bhulabhai Desai was associated with the later constitutionalist current in Congress politics. It should be distinguished from the original Swaraj Party founded in 1923 by C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru after Non-Cooperation.

Q68. Which act allowed the British authorities to arrest suspects without a normal trial?

[DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant, 23 April 2022, Shift 3]

A. Rowlatt Act 1919

B. Morley-Minto Reforms

C. Pitt’s India Act 1784

D. Regulating Act 1773

Answer: A. Rowlatt Act 1919

Explanation: The 1919 Rowlatt Act granted extraordinary police and detention powers to the colonial state. Gandhi’s opposition developed into the Rowlatt Satyagraha, one of the earliest widespread nationalist campaigns under his leadership.

Q67. What is the exact date of the Chauri Chaura incident?

[DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant, 23 April 2022, Shift 3]

A. 4 February 1922

B. 3 February 1921

C. 4 February 1921

D. 3 February 1922

Answer: A. 4 February 1922

Explanation: The Chauri Chaura incident happened on 4 February 1922 in the United Provinces. A violent confrontation with police resulted in the burning of a station, prompting Gandhi to suspend Non-Cooperation.

Q66. Who among the following was not in the Congress No-Changers camp?

[UPSC CDS I General Knowledge, 10 April 2022]

A. M. A. Ansari

B. Vithalbhai Patel

C. C. Rajagopalachari

D. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar

Answer: B. Vithalbhai Patel

Explanation: Vithalbhai Patel supported the pro-council-entry Swarajist strategy rather than the No-Changers. The latter emphasised constructive programmes, non-cooperation and organisation outside the colonial legislatures after Gandhi suspended the movement.

Q65. Which major colonial act was partly influenced by the Simon Commission’s findings?

[DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant, 8 April 2022, Shift 1]

A. Government of India Act 1935

B. Charter Act 1833

C. Defence of India Act 1915

D. Indian Councils Act 1861

Answer: A. Government of India Act 1935

Explanation: The Simon Commission’s report was one of several inputs to British constitutional discussions culminating in the Government of India Act 1935. Its proposals followed a review of the 1919 Act.

Q64. In which year did the Simon Commission publish its report?

[ESIC UDC memory-based paper, 19 March 2022, Shift 2]

A. 1927

B. 1928

C. 1930

D. 1932

Answer: C. 1930

Explanation: The Simon Commission published its report in 1930 after touring India. The commission was appointed in 1927, arrived in 1928 and met major boycotts due to its exclusion of Indian members.

Q63. Regarding Rowlatt Satyagraha, which statements are correct: (A) the Act curtailed rights and expanded police powers; (B) Gandhi and Jinnah opposed restrictions on basic freedoms; (C) the agitation had no all-India impact?

[CTET Paper II Social Science, 1 January 2022]

A. A and B only

B. B and C only

C. A and C only

D. C only

Answer: A. A and B only

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act curtailed civil liberties, so Gandhi and Muhammad Ali Jinnah opposed it. The 1919 protest spread across different communities and regions; consequently, the claim of no wider national impact is incorrect.

Q62. The Nehru Report of 1928 was primarily connected with which subject?

[SSC GD, 14 December 2021, Shift 2]

A. Education policy

B. Surat split

C. Communal awards

D. Constitutional framework

Answer: D. Constitutional framework

Explanation: The Nehru Report was a proposed constitutional framework drafted under Motilal Nehru. It included proposals on Dominion Status, legislatures, electoral arrangements and fundamental rights, rather than a programme of educational or party-organisational reform.

Q61. Which proposal was NOT among Jinnah’s Fourteen Points of 1929?

[AP High Court Assistant Examiner, 28 November 2021, Shift 2]

A. A Muslim share in cabinets

B. No constitutional changes without state consent

C. One-fifth Muslim representation in the central legislature

D. Religious freedom for communities

Answer: C. One-fifth Muslim representation in the central legislature

Explanation: Jinnah demanded at least one-third Muslim representation in the central legislature, not one-fifth. His Fourteen Points also emphasised religious freedom, federal safeguards and protections for Muslim political representation.

Q60. Who proposed mass civil disobedience in 1922 to secure the release of prisoners detained during Non-Cooperation?

[UP Police Sub-Inspector, 25 November 2021, Shift 1]

A. Zakir Hussain

B. Mahatma Gandhi

C. Lala Lajpat Rai

D. C. R. Das

Answer: B. Mahatma Gandhi

Explanation: Gandhi considered escalating the campaign to mass civil disobedience in 1922. However, violence at Chauri Chaura convinced him to suspend Non-Cooperation before such escalation could take place.

Q59. Muhammad Ali Jinnah presented his famous Fourteen Points in which year?

[UP Police Sub-Inspector, 12 November 2021, Shift 1]

A. 1929

B. 1919

C. 1949

D. 1909

Answer: A. 1929

Explanation: Jinnah published his Fourteen Points in 1929 in response to constitutional disagreements that followed the Nehru Report. The demands concerned Muslim representation, separate electorates, provincial autonomy and other safeguards.

Q58. Place these events in chronological order: Sharda Act, Nehru Report, creation of Simon Commission, Dandi March.

[UPPSC Combined State GS I, 24 October 2021]

A. Simon Commission–Nehru Report–Sharda Act–Dandi March

B. Sharda Act–Nehru Report–Simon–Dandi

C. Dandi–Simon–Nehru–Sharda

D. Sharda–Dandi–Nehru–Simon

Answer: A. Simon Commission–Nehru Report–Sharda Act–Dandi March

Explanation: The Simon Commission was created in 1927, followed by the Nehru Report in 1928, the Child Marriage Restraint or Sharda Act in 1929 and Gandhi’s Dandi March in 1930.

Q57. Who helped settle the Swarajist–No-Changer disagreement on 6 November 1924?

[DSSSB TGT Social Studies, 9 October 2021, Shift 2]

A. Anil Baran Roy

B. Motilal Nehru

C. Mahatma Gandhi

D. S. C. Mitra

Answer: C. Mahatma Gandhi

Explanation: Gandhi helped reconcile the factions through an agreement with Swarajist leaders Das and Motilal Nehru. The arrangement allowed work in legislatures on behalf of Congress while protecting the broader organisation’s unity.

Q56. Which leader did not belong to the No-Changers after Non-Cooperation?

[UPSC EPFO EO/AO, 5 September 2021]

A. Vallabhbhai Patel

B. M. A. Ansari

C. Rajendra Prasad

D. Motilal Nehru

Answer: D. Motilal Nehru

Explanation: Motilal Nehru joined the Swarajists, who advocated legislative council entry. Patel, Ansari and Rajendra Prasad belonged to the No-Changer wing, which prioritised constructive work and maintained non-cooperation outside councils.

Q55. The Khilafat agitation mainly concerned developments in which country?

[WBCS Preliminary, 22 August 2021]

A. India

B. Arabia

C. Iran

D. Turkey

Answer: D. Turkey

Explanation: The Khilafat agitation centred on the future of the Ottoman Caliphate based in Turkey after World War I. Indian Muslim leaders sought to protect the Caliph’s position and later coordinated with Gandhi’s anti-colonial Non-Cooperation programme.

Q54. Who urged Gandhi to organise non-cooperation in support of the Khilafat cause?

[SSC CGL 2020 cycle, 16 August 2021, Shift 3]

A. Shaukat Ali

B. Muhammad Ali Jinnah

C. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

D. Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Answer: A. Shaukat Ali

Explanation: Shaukat Ali, one of the two Ali brothers, played a prominent part in bringing the Khilafat cause to Gandhi. The resulting alliance helped connect the Muslim political protest with the wider Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q53. Why was the Simon Commission boycotted by Indian leaders?

[RRB NTPC CBT I, 31 July 2021, Shift 2]

A. Sir John Simon chaired it

B. All commissioners were British

C. Commissioners lacked professional experience

D. Lala Lajpat Rai was hurt during a protest

Answer: B. All commissioners were British

Explanation: The main objection was exclusion of all Indian representatives from the commission. Its all-British membership prompted demands that Indians themselves must participate in deciding their constitutional arrangements.

Q52. At which December 1920 Congress session was the Non-Cooperation programme ratified?

[RRB NTPC CBT I, 26 July 2021, Shift 1]

A. Nashik

B. Aurangabad

C. Nagpur

D. Surat

Answer: C. Nagpur

Explanation: The Nagpur Congress session in December 1920 ratified Non-Cooperation and reorganised Congress for more extensive mass mobilisation. The earlier Calcutta special session had already approved Gandhi’s non-cooperation programme in principle.

Q51. Which action was NOT part of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

[RRB NTPC CBT I, 26 July 2021, Shift 1]

A. Salt March

B. Surrender of official titles

C. Civil-service boycott

D. Boycott of foreign goods

Answer: A. Salt March

Explanation: The Salt March began in 1930 as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement. In contrast, the 1920–22 Non-Cooperation programme emphasised renouncing titles, boycotting institutions and foreign goods, and promoting indigenous production.

Q50. Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement operated primarily during which period?

[RRB NTPC CBT I, 4 March 2021, Shift 2]

A. 1918–1920

B. 1920–1922

C. 1930–1935

D. 1915–1919

Answer: B. 1920–1922

Explanation: The mass Non-Cooperation Movement ran from 1920 until Gandhi suspended it in February 1922 after Chauri Chaura. Boycott, swadeshi and non-violent protest were its major features.

Q49. Gandhi called for a nonviolent protest day on 6 April 1919 against which act?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I, 1 April 2021, Shift 1]

A. Rowlatt Act

B. Charter Act 1813

C. Arms Act

D. Vernacular Press Act

Answer: A. Rowlatt Act

Explanation: The 6 April 1919 hartal was part of Gandhi’s Rowlatt Satyagraha. The legislation had expanded the colonial state’s capacity to restrict political activity and imprison suspects without trial.

Q48. In which year did the Chauri Chaura incident take place?

[SSC Junior Engineer Electrical, 24 March 2021]

A. 1942

B. 1910

C. 1930

D. 1922

Answer: D. 1922

Explanation: The incident occurred on 4 February 1922 in Gorakhpur district. The deaths resulting from the burning of a police station led Gandhi to suspend Non-Cooperation.

Q47. Against which legislation did Gandhi call for satyagraha in 1919?

[SSC Junior Engineer Electrical, 24 March 2021]

A. Calico Act

B. Arms Act

C. English Education Act

D. Rowlatt Act

Answer: D. Rowlatt Act

Explanation: Gandhi called for satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act, a repressive 1919 measure that authorised detention without ordinary trial. The campaign drew national attention to colonial restrictions on political rights.

Q46. Protests against which British law contributed to the gathering at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I, 14 March 2021, Shift 1]

A. Government of India Act

B. Rowlatt Act

C. Simon Commission

D. Pitt’s India Act

Answer: B. Rowlatt Act

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act authorised extraordinary detention powers, provoking demonstrations in Punjab. The protests and arrests of local leaders formed the immediate political background to the Jallianwala Bagh gathering in April 1919.

Q45. Which colonial law did Gandhi oppose by launching satyagraha?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I, 8 March 2021, Shift 2]

A. Rowlatt Act of 1919

B. Vernacular Press Act 1878

C. Government of India Act 1858

D. Regulating Act 1773

Answer: A. Rowlatt Act of 1919

Explanation: Gandhi’s Rowlatt Satyagraha challenged legislation that allowed detention without normal trial safeguards. It brought public opposition to colonial repression onto a national stage in 1919.

Q44. When did the Non-Cooperation Movement begin?

[RRB NTPC CBT I, 9 February 2021, Shift 2]

A. 1930

B. 1920

C. 1940

D. 1910

Answer: B. 1920

Explanation: The Non-Cooperation Movement emerged in 1920 under Gandhi’s leadership. It sought swaraj through boycotts of colonial institutions and goods, use of khadi, and adherence to non-violence.

Q43. Which feature formed part of the Rowlatt Act of 1919?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I, 9 February 2021, Shift 2]

A. Detention without trial and censorship of the press

B. Compulsory public lathi-charges

C. Ban on Indian-made goods

D. Special crop taxation

Answer: A. Detention without trial and censorship of the press

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act enabled extraordinary preventive detention and restrictions on civil liberties. Introduced after World War I, it extended repressive wartime measures and prompted Gandhi’s nationwide satyagraha in 1919.

Q42. Why did Gandhi stop Non-Cooperation in 1922?

[RRB NTPC CBT I, 3 February 2021, Shift 2]

A. His arrest required it

B. A mob burned Chauri Chaura police station

C. The movement won its goal

D. He became ill

Answer: B. A mob burned Chauri Chaura police station

Explanation: Gandhi ended the campaign following the police-station burning at Chauri Chaura in February 1922. He believed the movement’s non-violent foundations were endangered by escalating violence.

Q41. Gandhi ended Non-Cooperation after violence at which place?

[RRB NTPC CBT I, 9 January 2021, Shift 2]

A. Chauri Chaura

B. Rowlatt Act protest

C. Quit India agitation

D. Khilafat meeting

Answer: A. Chauri Chaura

Explanation: The Chauri Chaura attack occurred in present-day Uttar Pradesh. Gandhi condemned the burning of the police station and halted the national Non-Cooperation campaign soon afterwards.

Q40. Which provision was associated with the Rowlatt Act?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I, 8 January 2021, Shift 2]

A. Ban on foreign travel

B. Ban on khadi clothing

C. Compulsory purchase of imports

D. Imprisonment without trial

Answer: D. Imprisonment without trial

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act, enacted in 1919, granted extensive powers to detain suspected political activists without ordinary legal process. Gandhi considered it a serious violation of civil liberties.

Q39. What was the main immediate cause of Non-Cooperation’s withdrawal in 1922?

[RRB NTPC CBT I, 7 January 2021, Shift 1]

A. Chauri Chaura police-station burning

B. Gandhi’s illness

C. Successful achievement of swaraj

D. Gandhi’s arrest

Answer: A. Chauri Chaura police-station burning

Explanation: Gandhi withdrew the movement after the violent Chauri Chaura incident. The decision reflected his conviction that non-cooperation could be sustained only through disciplined, non-violent mass participation.

Q38. Who led the nationwide Non-Cooperation Movement between 1920 and 1922?

[RRB NTPC CBT I, 7 January 2021, Shift 1]

A. Mahatma Gandhi

B. Jawaharlal Nehru

C. Subhas Chandra Bose

D. Motilal Nehru

Answer: A. Mahatma Gandhi

Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi led the Non-Cooperation Movement, which connected boycotts of schools, courts, offices and foreign goods with the broader demand for swaraj. It marked a major expansion of participation in Indian nationalism.

Q37. When did the Simon Commission reach India?

[RRB NTPC CBT I, 4 January 2021, Shift 1]

A. 1931

B. 1928

C. 1927

D. 1930

Answer: B. 1928

Explanation: The Simon Commission was appointed in 1927 and arrived in India in February 1928. Indian nationalists protested because the body had no Indian representatives despite reviewing India’s constitutional development.

Q36. When did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occur?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I, 28 December 2020, Shift 2]

A. 13 April 1920

B. 13 April 1919

C. 30 April 1920

D. 30 April 1919

Answer: B. 13 April 1919

Explanation: On 13 April 1919, General Dyer ordered troops to fire on a gathering at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. The massacre followed unrest in Punjab over colonial repression.

Q35. Chauri Chaura is situated in which district?

[SSC Stenographer, 22 December 2020, Shift 2]

A. Deoria

B. Varanasi

C. Gorakhpur

D. Lucknow

Answer: C. Gorakhpur

Explanation: Chauri Chaura is in Gorakhpur district of present-day Uttar Pradesh. The incident of 4 February 1922 caused Gandhi to suspend Non-Cooperation because of its violent character.

Q34. In which city was the Khilafat Committee organised in March 1919?

[SSC Selection Post Matric, 14 November 2020, Shift 1]

A. Calcutta

B. Bombay

C. Lahore

D. Madras

Answer: B. Bombay

Explanation: The Khilafat Committee was organised in Bombay in 1919. It sought to coordinate protests concerning the Ottoman Caliphate after the First World War, later collaborating with Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q33. The Chauri Chaura violence caused withdrawal of which movement?

[SSC Junior Engineer Mechanical, 28 October 2020]

A. Non-Cooperation

B. Rowlatt Satyagraha

C. Civil Disobedience

D. Quit India

Answer: A. Non-Cooperation

Explanation: Gandhi suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 after the violent Chauri Chaura incident. The decision demonstrated the centrality of non-violence to his political method.

Q32. In which year was the Rowlatt Act enacted?

[DSSSB TGT Social Science, 6 September 2021, Shift 2]

A. 1923

B. 1914

C. 1919

D. 1910

Answer: C. 1919

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919 and allowed severe restrictions on political liberties. Gandhi’s campaign against it produced one of his first nationwide satyagrahas.

Q31. Which event did NOT occur during 1919?

[SSC CGL, 9 March 2020, Shift 2]

A. Passing the Rowlatt Act

B. Jallianwala Bagh tragedy

C. Partition of Bengal

D. Montagu–Chelmsford reforms

Answer: C. Partition of Bengal

Explanation: The partition of Bengal occurred in 1905, whereas the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre and reforms associated with the Government of India Act are all linked to 1919.

Q30. Who was selected as president of the All-India Khilafat Conference held on 23 November 1919?

[WBCS Preliminary 2020]

A. Mahatma Gandhi

B. Subhas Chandra Bose

C. Chittaranjan Das

D. Motilal Nehru

Answer: A. Mahatma Gandhi

Explanation: Gandhi presided over the Khilafat Conference in Delhi in November 1919. He saw the agitation as an opportunity for Hindu–Muslim unity and later associated it with his programme of Non-Cooperation.

Q29. What powers did the Rowlatt Act of 1919 chiefly confer?

[SSC CPO, 13 December 2019, Shift 2]

A. Complete ban on demonstrations

B. Freedom for processions

C. Suppression of political activity and detention without trial

D. Enforcement of Non-Cooperation

Answer: C. Suppression of political activity and detention without trial

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act permitted sweeping control over political activities and detention without ordinary trial. It provoked severe opposition because it extended emergency restrictions into the post-war period.

Q28. Who chaired the Indian Statutory Commission that visited India in 1928?

[SSC MTS, 14 August 2019, Shift 3]

A. Daniel Radcliffe

B. Lord Irwin

C. Sir John Simon

D. Lord Chelmsford

Answer: C. Sir John Simon

Explanation: Sir John Simon chaired the Indian Statutory Commission, appointed in 1927 to review constitutional arrangements in India. Its all-British membership led Indian political organisations to demand a boycott.

Q27. Which pair founded the Swaraj Party?

[SSC MTS, 13 August 2019, Shift 2]

A. C. R. Das and Jawaharlal Nehru

B. Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru

C. Motilal Nehru and Patel

D. C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru

Answer: D. C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru

Explanation: C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru founded the Swaraj Party in January 1923. Its strategy was participation in legislative councils to obstruct colonial government policies from within.

Q26. Which British Prime Minister’s government established the Simon Commission?

[RPSC Second Grade Senior Teacher GK, 3 July 2019]

A. Ramsay MacDonald

B. Neville Chamberlain

C. Stanley Baldwin

D. Winston Churchill

Answer: C. Stanley Baldwin

Explanation: Stanley Baldwin was British Prime Minister when the Simon Commission was appointed in November 1927. The seven-member commission examined constitutional reforms but had no Indian representative, leading to protests.

Q25. Chauri Chaura is located in which modern Indian state?

[SSC GD, 11 March 2019, Shift 1]

A. Uttar Pradesh

B. Delhi

C. Kerala

D. Madhya Pradesh

Answer: A. Uttar Pradesh

Explanation: Chauri Chaura is in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh. On 4 February 1922 a police station was burned during protest violence, and Gandhi subsequently halted Non-Cooperation.

Q24. The Jallianwala Bagh incident took place in which state?

[SSC GD, 9 March 2019, Shift 2]

A. Punjab

B. Delhi

C. Kashmir

D. Kerala

Answer: A. Punjab

Explanation: Jallianwala Bagh lies in Amritsar, Punjab. On 13 April 1919 troops under Reginald Dyer opened fire on an unarmed crowd, making the event a defining episode in India’s nationalist history.

Q23. In which year did the Khilafat Movement begin?

[SSC GD, 7 March 2019, Shift 1]

A. 1922

B. 1923

C. 1919

D. 1921

Answer: C. 1919

Explanation: The Khilafat agitation began in 1919 after World War I. The Ali brothers campaigned over the Ottoman Caliphate and worked with Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q22. Why did nationalist politicians boycott the Simon Commission?

[SSC GD, 18 February 2019, Shift 3]

A. It restricted Indian financial autonomy

B. It included no Indian members

C. Its members could not agree

D. It expanded princely-state powers

Answer: B. It included no Indian members

Explanation: The Simon Commission contained seven British parliamentarians and no Indian representatives. Its arrival in 1928 produced mass protests and the slogan “Simon Go Back,” reinforcing demands for Indian political agency.

Q21. Who led the Rowlatt Satyagraha, and in which year?

[SSC GD, 15 February 2019, Shift 2]

A. Gandhi—1929

B. Motilal Nehru—1915

C. Gandhi—1919

D. C. R. Das—1930

Answer: C. Gandhi—1919

Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi called for nationwide satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act in 1919. The protest challenged detention without trial and marked a significant expansion of Gandhi’s mass political leadership.

Q20. Who started the Khilafat Movement in India?

[WBCS Preliminary 2019]

A. Muhammad Ali Jinnah

B. Zakir Husain

C. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

D. The Ali brothers

Answer: D. The Ali brothers

Explanation: Brothers Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali were prominent organisers of the Khilafat agitation. Their political mobilisation concerning the Ottoman Caliphate became closely linked with India’s Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q19. Arrange in time: Simon Commission appointment, Jallianwala Bagh, Dandi March and Pherozeshah Mehta’s death.

[UPPSC Civil Services Prelims 2019]

A. Mehta’s death–Jallianwala–Simon–Dandi

B. Simon–Jallianwala–Mehta–Dandi

C. Jallianwala–Dandi–Mehta–Simon

D. Mehta–Dandi–Jallianwala–Simon

Answer: A. Mehta’s death–Jallianwala–Simon–Dandi

Explanation: Pherozeshah Mehta died in 1915; Jallianwala Bagh occurred in 1919; the Simon Commission was appointed in 1927; and Gandhi began the Dandi March in 1930.

Q18. Which movement was led by the Ali brothers, Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali?

[RRB Group D, 16 October 2018, Shift 1]

A. Quit India

B. Delhi Chalo

C. Boycott Movement

D. Khilafat Movement

Answer: D. Khilafat Movement

Explanation: The Khilafat Movement was led by Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali to protect the status of the Ottoman Caliph after World War I. Gandhi later coordinated it with Non-Cooperation.

Q17. Arrange chronologically: (i) Lucknow Pact; (ii) formation of Swaraj Party; (iii) Jallianwala Bagh massacre; (iv) death of Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

[RPSC RAS Prelims 2018, General Knowledge and General Science, 5 August 2018]

A. (i), (iv), (iii), (ii)

B. (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)

C. (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)

D. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Answer: C. (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)

Explanation: The Lucknow Pact occurred in 1916; the Amritsar massacre followed in April 1919. Bal Gangadhar Tilak died in August 1920, and C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru established the Swaraj Party in 1923. Thus the correct order is i–iii–iv–ii.

Q16. Which agitation was associated with the Ali brothers Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali?

[UP Police Constable, 19 June 2018, Shift 1]

A. Quit India Movement

B. Khilafat Movement

C. Chalo Dilli Movement

D. Boycott Movement

Answer: B. Khilafat Movement

Explanation: The Ali brothers led the Khilafat agitation, which began in 1919 and concerned the postwar position of the Ottoman Caliph. Gandhi linked the cause with his Non-Cooperation campaign in 1920.

Q15. During which Viceroy’s administration did the Khilafat Movement begin?

[SSC Junior Engineer Mechanical, 22 January 2018, Morning]

A. Lord Mountbatten

B. Lord Dalhousie

C. Lord Chelmsford

D. Lord Curzon

Answer: C. Lord Chelmsford

Explanation: The Khilafat agitation began around 1919 while Lord Chelmsford was Viceroy. Indian Muslims led by the Ali brothers sought protection of the Ottoman Caliphate following the First World War.

Q14. Which organisation first advanced the idea of framing an Indian Constitution through a Constituent Assembly, according to this paper?

[WBCS Preliminary 2018]

A. Swaraj Party

B. Congress in 1936

C. Muslim League in 1942

D. All-Parties Conference in 1946

Answer: A. Swaraj Party

Explanation: The WBCS key credits the Swaraj Party with an early call for a constitution-making assembly. The Swarajists emerged after the 1922 debate over entering legislative councils and used constitutional issues as a political platform.

Q13. Put the events in historical order: (a) Khilafat Movement, (b) Jallianwala Bagh, (c) Bardoli peasants’ agitation, (d) Rowlatt Satyagraha.

[KVS TGT 2018]

A. a, b, c, d

B. a, d, b, c

C. d, b, a, c

D. d, c, a, b

Answer: C. d, b, a, c

Explanation: The Rowlatt Satyagraha preceded the April 1919 massacre at Amritsar, followed by the organised Khilafat Movement later that year. The major Bardoli peasants’ campaign occurred in 1928 under Vallabhbhai Patel.

Q12. Gandhi backed the Khilafat cause for Hindu-Muslim unity during which movement?

[RPSC Assistant Engineer GK and General Science 2018]

A. Swadeshi

B. Civil Disobedience

C. Quit India

D. Non-Cooperation

Answer: D. Non-Cooperation

Explanation: Gandhi supported the Khilafat cause during the 1920 Non-Cooperation Movement. The alliance sought to unite Hindu and Muslim political mobilisation around resistance to British rule, though the causes had distinct origins.

Q11. For what purpose was the Hunter Committee constituted in 1919?

[OTET 2018 Paper II Social Studies]

A. To examine the impact of the Rowlatt Act alone

B. To evaluate the 1919 Government of India Act

C. To investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre

D. To identify causes of the Khilafat agitation

Answer: C. To investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Explanation: The Hunter Committee investigated disturbances in Punjab and the Amritsar massacre. It was set up in October 1919 following public anger about British military action against the gathering at Jallianwala Bagh.

Q10. Name the commission that came to India in 1928 to review its constitutional system.

[SSC CGL Tier-I, 20 August 2017, Shift 1]

A. Rowlatt Act

B. Pitt’s India Act

C. Partition of Bengal

D. Simon Commission

Answer: D. Simon Commission

Explanation: The Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928 to assess the constitutional framework of the Government of India Act 1919. Because it excluded Indian members, its arrival was met by nationwide protests.

Q9. The Chauri Chaura episode was associated with which movement?

[MPPSC Assistant Professor 2017, Political Science Paper II, 11 July 2017]

A. Khilafat Movement

B. Non-Cooperation Movement

C. Civil Disobedience Movement

D. Quit India Movement

Answer: B. Non-Cooperation Movement

Explanation: Chauri Chaura occurred on 4 February 1922 during the Non-Cooperation Movement. Protesters set a police station ablaze after a confrontation, killing policemen. Disturbed by the violence and concerned about discipline, Gandhi called off the ongoing mass campaign.

Q8. Which statement does NOT describe the Khilafat Movement?

[UPSC NDA-I 2017, General Ability Test, 23 April 2017]

A. Gandhi sought to link it with Non-Cooperation

B. The Congress did not support it

C. It sought protection for Ottoman Muslim sacred places

D. It was led by Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

Answer: B. The Congress did not support it

Explanation: The Indian National Congress supported the Khilafat campaign, making the second assertion incorrect. Gandhi connected the agitation with Non-Cooperation to widen anti-colonial mobilisation. The Ali brothers led the cause, seeking protection of the Ottoman Caliph’s position after World War I.

Q7. Who supported the Swaraj Party within the Central Legislative Assembly?

[UPPSC Civil Services Prelims 2017]

A. M. A. Jinnah

B. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

C. Rajendra Prasad

D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: A. M. A. Jinnah

Explanation: Muhammad Ali Jinnah cooperated with Swarajist legislators on some issues in the Central Legislative Assembly. Such alliances reflected legislative opposition to colonial authority across different Indian political groupings.

Q6. Gandhi withdrew Non-Cooperation after which incident?

[WBCS Preliminary 2017]

A. Chauri Chaura

B. Rowlatt Act

C. Jallianwala Bagh

D. Dandi March

Answer: A. Chauri Chaura

Explanation: Gandhi suspended Non-Cooperation after Chauri Chaura in February 1922, when a mob set fire to a police station. He argued that a mass movement had to preserve non-violent discipline.

Q5. Which option was NOT a recommendation of the Nehru Report?

[UPSC CAPF Assistant Commandants 2017]

A. Dominion Status

B. Separate electorates

C. Democratic centre

D. Adult franchise

Answer: B. Separate electorates

Explanation: The Nehru Report opposed separate communal electorates, though it provided for minority safeguards. Its recommendations included Dominion Status and constitutional reform, distinguishing it from demands supporting permanent separate electorates.

Q4. What was the name of the party created by Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das in 1923?

[UPPSC Civil Services Prelims 2016]

A. Independence Party

B. Ghadar Party

C. Swaraj Party

D. Indian National Party

Answer: C. Swaraj Party

Explanation: The Swaraj Party was established after disagreements in Congress about continuing the legislative-council boycott. It used elected institutions as an arena for resistance to colonial policies.

Q3. Arrange chronologically: Tilak’s death, Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh and the 1919 Amritsar Congress session.

[UPPSC Civil Services Prelims 2014]

A. Rowlatt–Jallianwala–Amritsar Congress–Tilak’s death

B. Amritsar Congress–Jallianwala–Rowlatt–Tilak

C. Jallianwala–Congress–Rowlatt–Tilak

D. Tilak–Rowlatt–Jallianwala–Congress

Answer: A. Rowlatt–Jallianwala–Amritsar Congress–Tilak’s death

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in 1919, followed by the Amritsar Congress session later that year. Bal Gangadhar Tilak died in August 1920.

Q2. Order these developments: (a) League preferred Jinnah’s Fourteen Points; (b) Congress gave a one-year deadline for the Nehru Report; (c) Lahore Congress demanded Purna Swaraj; (d) Salt Satyagraha.

[MPSC State Service Prelims 2013]

A. a, c, d, b

B. d, b, a, c

C. b, a, c, d

D. a, b, c, d

Answer: C. b, a, c, d

Explanation: Congress discussed the Nehru Report in 1928; Jinnah’s Fourteen Points followed in 1929, then the Lahore Congress adopted complete independence in December 1929. Gandhi’s Salt Satyagraha started in March 1930.

Q1. Which proposals belonged to the Nehru Report: (1) complete independence, (2) joint electorates with reserved minority seats, (3) fundamental rights?

[UPSC CSE Prelims 2011]

A. 1 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. All three

Answer: B. 2 and 3 only

Explanation: The Nehru Report recommended joint electorates with minority safeguards and constitutional fundamental rights. It sought Dominion Status rather than immediate complete independence, so statement 1 is i