Q100. What was an important equity-oriented objective of post-independence land reforms?
[SSC CGL Tier I 2025]
(A) Expanding imports of farm inputs
(B) Abolishing intermediaries and setting landholding ceilings
(C) Promoting landlord privileges
(D) Directing all rural credit to factories
Answer: (B) Abolishing intermediaries and setting landholding ceilings
Explanation: Land reforms sought to alter unequal agrarian relations through abolition of intermediary tenure, tenancy reforms and ceilings on landholdings. Although implementation varied across states, improving cultivators’ security and reducing concentrated land ownership were central intentions.
Q99. Which part of the Indian economy faced increased costs following cuts in fertiliser subsidies after 1991?
[SSC CGL Tier I 2025]
(A) Banking
(B) Telecommunications
(C) Agriculture
(D) Air transport
Answer: (C) Agriculture
Explanation: A fertiliser subsidy reduces the price farmers pay for an important agricultural input. A reduction can raise cultivation costs, particularly for small farmers, even if it helps moderate public expenditure and fiscal pressures.
Q98. In the abbreviation LPG used for India’s economic reforms, what does P denote?
[SSC CGL Tier I 2025]
(A) Planning
(B) Privatisation
(C) Production
(D) Poverty
Answer: (B) Privatisation
Explanation: The three letters refer to liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation. Privatisation concerns expanding private participation or ownership in economic activity, including divestment of government equity in public enterprises, whereas liberalisation reduces controls and globalisation increases international integration.
Q97. Who is often described as the architect of India’s Five-Year Plan strategy?
[SSC CGL Tier I 2025]
(A) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
(C) B. R. Ambedkar
(D) P. C. Mahalanobis
Answer: (D) P. C. Mahalanobis
Explanation: Statistician P. C. Mahalanobis shaped the Second Five-Year Plan through a model emphasising investment in capital-goods and heavy industries. Nehru led the Planning Commission, but Mahalanobis is particularly linked to the technical planning strategy.
Q96. According to the Mahalanobis model, long-term growth should principally be driven by investment in which sector?
[SSC CGL Tier I 2025]
(A) Consumer durables only
(B) Capital goods
(C) Imports of services
(D) Retail trade
Answer: (B) Capital goods
Explanation: The Mahalanobis strategy prioritised domestic production of machinery and other capital goods. Expanding this sector was expected to increase future productive capacity, even if the initial allocation left relatively fewer resources for current consumption.
Q95. By what name are India’s policy reforms of 1991 commonly known?
[SSC CGL Tier I 2025]
(A) Five-Year Adjustment Plan
(B) New Fiscal Policy
(C) New Economic Policy
(D) Economic Reconstruction Programme
Answer: (C) New Economic Policy
Explanation: The New Economic Policy emerged in response to the 1991 external-payments crisis. Its long-term measures sought a more competitive and outward-looking economy through delicensing, foreign-investment changes, trade reform and selected public-sector restructuring.
Q94. Which sector received primary attention in the First Five-Year Plan?
[SSC CGL Tier I 2025]
(A) Heavy engineering
(B) Agriculture
(C) Information technology
(D) Urban real estate
Answer: (B) Agriculture
Explanation: The First Plan of 1951–56 emphasised agriculture, irrigation and power to address food shortages and developmental needs after independence and Partition. Large dams and farm-productivity improvements featured prominently, unlike the heavy-industry strategy of the Second Plan.
Q93. Which type of government receipt generally creates a liability or diminishes an asset?
[SSC CGL Tier I 2025]
(A) Revenue receipt
(B) Tax receipt
(C) Capital receipt
(D) Administrative fee
Answer: (C) Capital receipt
Explanation: Capital receipts include borrowings, which create repayment obligations, and proceeds from asset sales or loan recoveries, which reduce existing government assets. Ordinary tax collections are revenue receipts because they normally do not create debt or dispose of assets.
Q92. Which Five-Year Plan established the foundation of India’s socialist pattern of society?
[SSC CGL Tier I 2025]
(A) First
(B) Second
(C) Third
(D) Fourth
Answer: (B) Second
Explanation: The Second Plan of 1956–61 embedded a strong public-sector role in heavy and basic industries. This aligned planning policy with the declared socialist pattern of society and reflected the expectation that the state would build major industrial capacity.
Q91. After the 1991 industrial reforms, which group of products largely continued to face licensing requirements?
[SSC CGL Tier I 2025]
(A) Textiles and ordinary garments
(B) Alcohol, cigarettes and explosives
(C) Education and agriculture
(D) All manufactured consumer products
Answer: (B) Alcohol, cigarettes and explosives
Explanation: Industrial delicensing after 1991 was broad but not unconditional. Certain socially sensitive, strategic and hazardous products retained restrictions, including alcoholic drinks, tobacco products and explosives, while most ordinary manufacturing activities gained greater freedom.
