Q150. The inscriptions of Emperor Ashoka were predominantly composed in which script?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II, 2026]
A. Kharosthi
B. Devanagari
C. Brahmi
D. Gupta
Answer: C. Brahmi
Explanation: Most Ashokan inscriptions across the Indian subcontinent were written in Brahmi. Kharosthi was mainly used in northwestern regions, while Greek and Aramaic appeared in frontier areas.
Q149. Seleucus sent his ambassador Megasthenes to the court of which Mauryan ruler at Pataliputra?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, 2026]
A. Bindusara
B. Brihadratha
C. Ashoka
D. Chandragupta Maurya
Answer: D. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Following the Seleucid–Mauryan settlement, Megasthenes represented Seleucus I at Chandragupta Maurya’s court. His work Indica became an important source on Mauryan India.
Q148. Which inscription expresses Ashoka’s remorse after the Kalinga War?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, 2026]
A. Rock Edict I
B. Rock Edict VII
C. Rock Edict XIII
D. Pillar Edict V
Answer: C. Rock Edict XIII
Explanation: Major Rock Edict XIII records the casualties and deportations caused by the Kalinga conquest and describes Ashoka’s deep remorse and preference for conquest through Dhamma.
Q147. According to the Arthashastra, which two types of courts dealt with disputes among citizens and between the state and citizens?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, 2026]
A. Sangha and Gana
B. Sabha and Samiti
C. Dharmasthiya and Kantakashodhana
D. Mantriparishad and Parishad
Answer: C. Dharmasthiya and Kantakashodhana
Explanation: Dharmasthiya courts generally handled civil disputes, while Kantakashodhana courts dealt with offences affecting public order, state security and criminal administration.
Q146. Which event is considered the turning point in Ashoka’s life, leading him towards Dhamma?
[SSC GD Constable, 2026]
A. His coronation
B. The Kalinga War
C. Alliance with Sri Lanka
D. Revolt of Taxila
Answer: B. The Kalinga War
Explanation: The enormous human suffering caused by the Kalinga War profoundly affected Ashoka. Thereafter, his inscriptions increasingly emphasized non-violence, welfare, tolerance and Dhamma-vijaya.
Q145. Ashoka’s Dhamma primarily aimed at:
[SSC GD Constable, 2026]
A. Making Buddhism the compulsory state religion
B. Administrative centralization
C. Ethical living and social harmony
D. Military alliances with foreign rulers
Answer: C. Ethical living and social harmony
Explanation: Ashoka’s Dhamma was an ethical code rather than a separate religion. It stressed compassion, respect for elders, non-violence, religious tolerance and proper treatment of servants.
Q144. The Sanchi Stupa was commissioned by which ruler in the third century BCE?
[DSSSB MTS, 2026]
A. Kanishka
B. Harsha
C. Ashoka
D. Chandragupta Maurya
Answer: C. Ashoka
Explanation: Emperor Ashoka originally commissioned the Great Stupa at Sanchi as a brick structure for preserving Buddhist relics. Later dynasties considerably enlarged and embellished the monument.
Q143. What was a major political outcome of the treaty between Chandragupta Maurya and Seleucus I Nicator?
[UP PGT History, 2026]
A. Mauryan surrender of Punjab
B. Recognition of Mauryan control in northwestern territories
C. Destruction of Pataliputra
D. End of Mauryan rule in Magadha
Answer: B. Recognition of Mauryan control in northwestern territories
Explanation: The settlement consolidated Chandragupta’s authority over extensive northwestern territories. Diplomatic relations followed, traditionally associated with a matrimonial alliance and Megasthenes’ embassy.
Q142. Which cultural feature is securely assignable to the mature Mauryan phase?
[UP PGT History, 2026]
A. Highly polished monolithic pillars
B. Elaborately carved Sanchi toranas
C. Gupta-style Buddha images
D. Chola bronze sculpture
Answer: A. Highly polished monolithic pillars
Explanation: Highly polished sandstone pillars, particularly those erected by Ashoka, are characteristic achievements of Mauryan imperial art and demonstrate exceptional stone-working and polishing techniques.
Q141. How did Megasthenes portray social stratification during the Mauryan period?
[UP PGT History, 2026]
A. Entirely egalitarian society
B. Four occupational groups
C. Tribal organization only
D. Seven occupational classes
Answer: D. Seven occupational classes
Explanation: Megasthenes described Indian society as consisting of seven occupational groups, including philosophers, cultivators, herdsmen, artisans, soldiers, overseers and councillors.
Q140. The inscriptions of Ashoka and Kharavela were primarily composed in which language?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I, 2026]
A. Sanskrit
B. Pali
C. Prakrit
D. Tamil
Answer: C. Prakrit
Explanation: Most Ashokan inscriptions used Prakrit expressed through regional scripts. Kharavela’s Hathigumpha inscription was also composed in Prakrit, making the language important for early epigraphy.
Q139. Which Buddhist site in Madhya Pradesh is famous for its Great Stupa originally built during Ashoka’s reign?
[DSSSB MTS, 2026]
A. Bodh Gaya
B. Ajanta
C. Ellora
D. Sanchi
Answer: D. Sanchi
Explanation: Sanchi in Madhya Pradesh preserves one of India’s most important Buddhist complexes. Its Great Stupa began under Ashoka and was subsequently expanded during post-Mauryan periods.
Q138. Consider the following Ashokan inscription-location pairs: Jaugada–Karnataka; Bahapur–New Delhi; Rajula-Mandagiri–Andhra Pradesh. Which are correctly matched?
[UPSC CDS-I, 2026]
A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B. 2 and 3 only
Explanation: Bahapur is associated with Delhi and Rajula-Mandagiri with Andhra Pradesh. Jaugada, however, is situated in Odisha and contains important Ashokan inscriptions.
Q137. Which Mauryan official supervised state agriculture and cultivation on crown lands?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I, 2026]
A. Aksapataladhyaksha
B. Sitadhyaksha
C. Panyadhyaksha
D. Samaharta
Answer: B. Sitadhyaksha
Explanation: The Sitadhyaksha was the Superintendent of Agriculture. The Arthashastra assigns this officer responsibility for crown lands, seeds, agricultural production and state-controlled cultivation.
Q136. What were the special officials appointed by Ashoka to spread his policy of Dhamma called?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I, 2026]
A. Dhamma Lekhakas
B. Dhamma Mahamattas
C. Dhamma Janapadas
D. Dhamma Mukhyas
Answer: B. Dhamma Mahamattas
Explanation: Ashoka created the office of Dhamma Mahamatta to promote moral welfare, maintain harmony among communities and communicate his ethical policies throughout the empire.
Q135. The administration of the Mauryan Empire is described in which ancient text?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I, 2026]
A. Arthashastra
B. Rigveda
C. Mahabharata
D. Manusmriti
Answer: A. Arthashastra
Explanation: Traditionally attributed to Kautilya, the Arthashastra discusses kingship, taxation, espionage, diplomacy, justice, agriculture and state administration and is fundamental to studying Mauryan governance.
Q134. Who deciphered the Brahmi script used in many Ashokan inscriptions?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I, 2026]
A. Alexander Cunningham
B. James Prinsep
C. John Marshall
D. William Jones
Answer: B. James Prinsep
Explanation: James Prinsep’s breakthrough in 1837 enabled scholars to read Brahmi inscriptions and identify the ruler styled Devanampiya Piyadasi with Emperor Ashoka.
Q133. Which administrative feature characterized the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I, 2026]
A. Centralized bureaucracy guided by statecraft principles
B. Entirely hereditary provincial government
C. Feudal land-grant administration
D. Revenue collection only by religious institutions
Answer: A. Centralized bureaucracy guided by statecraft principles
Explanation: Mauryan rule featured a powerful monarch, salaried officials, provincial administration, taxation, espionage and a standing army, producing one of ancient India’s most centralized imperial systems.
Q132. Ashoka served as viceroy of which important region during Bindusara’s reign?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I, 2026]
A. Tosali
B. Pataliputra
C. Saurashtra
D. Ujjain
Answer: D. Ujjain
Explanation: Before becoming emperor, Ashoka is traditionally associated with the governorship of Ujjain in Avanti, an important administrative and commercial centre of the Mauryan Empire.
Q131. Chandragupta Maurya defeated Greek satraps left behind by Alexander in which region?
[SSC MTS, 2026]
A. Northwest
B. Northeast
C. Southeast
D. Southwest
Answer: A. Northwest
Explanation: After Alexander’s withdrawal, Chandragupta established control over northwestern territories and later fought Seleucus I, greatly strengthening Mauryan authority towards Afghanistan and the Indus region.
Q130. The famous ’80-pillar hall’ at Kumrahar is associated with the palace of which emperor?
[SSC MTS, 2026]
A. Ashoka
B. Samudragupta
C. Chandragupta I
D. Harshavardhana
Answer: A. Ashoka
Explanation: Archaeological remains at Kumrahar near ancient Pataliputra include an eighty-pillared Mauryan hall, generally associated with the imperial palace complex of the Mauryan period.
Q129. Whose account was regarded as especially important for understanding Mauryan rule?
[CTET, 2026]
A. Kautilya’s
B. Machiavelli’s
C. Herodotus’
D. Pliny’s
Answer: A. Kautilya’s
Explanation: Kautilya’s Arthashastra provides extensive material on polity, economy, taxation, administration, law and diplomacy, making it an invaluable literary source for studying Mauryan governance.
Q128. Who succeeded Chandragupta Maurya as ruler around 297 BCE?
[SSC MTS, 2026]
A. Ashoka
B. Bindusara
C. Dhana Nanda
D. Bimbisara
Answer: B. Bindusara
Explanation: Bindusara, Chandragupta’s son, became the second Mauryan emperor. Greek sources referred to him as Amitrochates, corresponding to the Sanskrit title Amitraghata.
Q127. The Lomas Rishi Cave in the Barabar Hills is located in which state?
[SSC MTS, 2026]
A. Kerala
B. Jharkhand
C. Gujarat
D. Bihar
Answer: D. Bihar
Explanation: The Barabar caves in Bihar represent India’s earliest surviving rock-cut cave architecture. Several Mauryan caves were dedicated to the Ajivikas and display characteristic polished interiors.
Q126. Why are the Barabar and Nagarjuni Hill caves important for understanding Ashoka’s religious policy?
[MP Police SI, 2026]
A. They were exclusively Buddhist monasteries
B. They were Mauryan military shelters
C. Caves were donated to the Ajivika sect
D. They contain Gupta frescoes
Answer: C. Caves were donated to the Ajivika sect
Explanation: Mauryan cave dedications to Ajivikas demonstrate royal support extending beyond Buddhism and provide important evidence for religious pluralism under Ashoka and his successors.
Q125. What was a major consequence of the weak Mauryan rulers who succeeded Ashoka?
[MP Police SI, 2026]
A. Peaceful transfer to Pushyamitra
B. Permanent abolition of the army
C. Provincial governors increasingly became independent
D. Immediate foreign conquest of Pataliputra
Answer: C. Provincial governors increasingly became independent
Explanation: Weak central authority after Ashoka encouraged peripheral provinces and governors to assert autonomy, contributing to political fragmentation and eventually the collapse of Mauryan rule.
Q124. Regarding the Nandas, immediate predecessors of the Mauryas, which statements are correct? 1. They created the first complete pan-Indian empire. 2. Their wealth and military strength were famous. 3. Elements of their administrative framework were inherited by the Mauryas.
[MP Police SI, 2026]
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B. 2 and 3 only
Explanation: The Nandas possessed enormous wealth and a formidable army, while Chandragupta inherited and developed earlier Magadhan institutions. Their empire, however, was not a complete pan-Indian state.
Q123. Which was an important consequence of Alexander’s invasion for the emergence of the Mauryan Empire?
[MP Police SI, 2026]
A. It exposed political weakness in northwestern India
B. It permanently established Greek rule over Magadha
C. Dhana Nanda defeated Alexander at Hydaspes
D. It destroyed Pataliputra
Answer: A. It exposed political weakness in northwestern India
Explanation: Alexander’s campaigns disrupted northwestern political structures. Chandragupta subsequently displaced Greek satraps and incorporated these regions into the rapidly expanding Mauryan Empire.
Q122. The Arthashastra is traditionally attributed to:
[MP Police SI, 2026]
A. Aryabhata
B. Kautilya
C. Charaka
D. Patanjali
Answer: B. Kautilya
Explanation: Kautilya, also called Chanakya or Vishnugupta, is traditionally identified as Chandragupta Maurya’s adviser and the author associated with the Arthashastra.
Q121. Who founded the Maurya Empire?
[Delhi Police Head Constable, 2026]
A. Ashoka
B. Chandragupta Maurya
C. Kanishka
D. Samudragupta
Answer: B. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Chandragupta Maurya, aided by Chanakya, overthrew the Nanda dynasty around 322–321 BCE and established the Mauryan Empire with Pataliputra as its capital.
Q120. Which Mauryan ruler is particularly associated with major developments in imperial architecture?
[SSC CHSL, 2025]
A. Ashoka
B. Brihadratha
C. Dasharatha
D. Kunala
Answer: A. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka’s reign witnessed monumental pillars, stupas, inscriptions and rock-cut architecture. His polished sandstone pillars are among the finest surviving examples of Mauryan imperial craftsmanship.
Q119. Around which year did Chandragupta Maurya establish the Mauryan Empire?
[SSC CHSL, 2025]
A. 621 BCE
B. 521 BCE
C. 421 BCE
D. 321 BCE
Answer: D. 321 BCE
Explanation: Chandragupta established Mauryan power around 322–321 BCE after overthrowing the Nandas, beginning a dynasty that would dominate much of the subcontinent.
Q118. What is a notable feature associated with the Ashokan pillar at Sanchi?
[MP Police Constable, 2025]
A. Four-lion capital
B. Gupta-era frescoes
C. Dravidian gopuram
D. Persian cuneiform
Answer: A. Four-lion capital
Explanation: Ashokan pillars formed an important element of Mauryan monumental art. Animal capitals, including lions, symbolized royal authority and Ashoka’s proclamation of Dhamma.
Q117. Which ruler’s administration is noted for its highly centralized structure?
[SSC CGL, 2025]
A. Harshavardhana
B. Samudragupta
C. Chandragupta Maurya
D. Pulakeshin II
Answer: C. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Chandragupta established a centralized imperial government supported by ministers, provincial officers, tax collectors, military departments and an extensive intelligence network.
Q116. Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan Empire in approximately:
[RRB NTPC UG, 2025]
A. 350 BCE
B. 375 BCE
C. 300 BCE
D. 322 BCE
Answer: D. 322 BCE
Explanation: The conventional chronology places the foundation of the Mauryan Empire around 322 BCE, following Chandragupta’s successful overthrow of the Nanda dynasty in Magadha.
Q115. The early stupas at Sanchi and Sarnath are especially associated with which imperial period?
[RRB NTPC UG, 2025]
A. Mauryan
B. Gupta
C. Chola
D. Mughal
Answer: A. Mauryan
Explanation: Ashoka’s patronage initiated major Buddhist construction at sites such as Sanchi and Sarnath. Many structures were enlarged and decorated by subsequent dynasties.
Q114. The Lion Capital at Sarnath was erected under which Mauryan ruler?
[RRB NTPC UG, 2025]
A. Chandragupta Maurya
B. Bindusara
C. Ashoka
D. Brihadratha
Answer: C. Ashoka
Explanation: The polished sandstone Lion Capital crowned an Ashokan pillar at Sarnath. Its four lions were later adopted as the State Emblem of independent India.
Q113. Which Mauryan emperor is associated with an elaborate espionage system described in ancient sources?
[SSC Stenographer, 2025]
A. Chandragupta Maurya
B. Harsha
C. Kanishka
D. Samudragupta
Answer: A. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: The Mauryan state used networks of secret agents to gather intelligence and monitor officials and subjects, a system described extensively in the Arthashastra.
Q112. Who founded the Mauryan dynasty?
[SSC Stenographer, 2025]
A. Ashoka
B. Bindusara
C. Chandragupta Maurya
D. Pushyamitra Shunga
Answer: C. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Chandragupta founded the Mauryan dynasty after defeating the last Nanda ruler. His reign created the political foundation later expanded by Bindusara and Ashoka.
Q111. Which script was widely used during the Mauryan period and especially in Ashokan inscriptions?
[RRB NTPC, 2025]
A. Brahmi
B. Devanagari
C. Grantha
D. Sharada
Answer: A. Brahmi
Explanation: Brahmi was the principal script used in most Ashokan inscriptions. Its successful decipherment by James Prinsep revolutionized the study of India’s early historical period.
Q110. What was Ashoka’s relationship to Bindusara?
[RRB NTPC, 2025]
A. Brother
B. Son
C. Father
D. Grandfather
Answer: B. Son
Explanation: Ashoka was a son of Bindusara and grandson of Chandragupta Maurya. He eventually succeeded to the Mauryan throne and became the dynasty’s best-known emperor.
Q109. Who succeeded Ashoka as Mauryan ruler according to the commonly accepted dynastic succession?
[RRB NTPC, 2025]
A. Dasharatha
B. Bindusara
C. Brihadratha
D. Pushyamitra
Answer: A. Dasharatha
Explanation: Dasharatha Maurya, traditionally identified as Ashoka’s grandson, succeeded him in part of the empire and continued patronage of religious establishments, including the Ajivikas.
Q108. Chandragupta Maurya is traditionally said to have embraced which religion in his later life?
[RRB NTPC, 2025]
A. Buddhism
B. Jainism
C. Zoroastrianism
D. Christianity
Answer: B. Jainism
Explanation: Jain tradition states that Chandragupta renounced his throne, accompanied Bhadrabahu to Shravanabelagola and adopted the ascetic Jain way of life.
Q107. Which statement regarding Ashokan inscriptions is correct?
[UPSC CDS-I, 2025]
A. Kalsi is a Major Rock Edict site
B. Kalsi is in Karnataka
C. Dhauli inscriptions are in Sanskrit only
D. No Ashokan edicts occur in Uttarakhand
Answer: A. Kalsi is a Major Rock Edict site
Explanation: Kalsi in present-day Uttarakhand contains Ashoka’s Major Rock Edicts in Prakrit and Brahmi, making it an important northern inscriptional site.
Q106. Which present-day region lay outside the effective extent generally attributed to Ashoka’s empire?
[UPSC CDS-I, 2025]
A. Magadha
B. Gandhara
C. Brahmaputra Valley of Assam
D. Avanti
Answer: C. Brahmaputra Valley of Assam
Explanation: Ashoka’s empire covered most of the subcontinent, but far northeastern regions such as the Brahmaputra Valley were generally outside direct Mauryan imperial control.
Q105. Chandragupta Maurya overthrew which dynasty to establish Mauryan rule?
[SSC Stenographer, 2024]
A. Haryanka
B. Nanda
C. Shunga
D. Shishunaga
Answer: B. Nanda
Explanation: With Chanakya’s assistance, Chandragupta defeated Dhana Nanda, ending Nanda rule in Magadha and establishing the Mauryan dynasty around the late fourth century BCE.
Q104. Chandragupta Maurya’s imperial capital was:
[SSC Stenographer, 2024]
A. Pataliputra
B. Magadha
C. Nalanda
D. Vaishali
Answer: A. Pataliputra
Explanation: Pataliputra, corresponding to modern Patna, functioned as the political and administrative centre of the Mauryan Empire and was vividly described by Megasthenes.
Q103. Which Ashokan edict describes the Kalinga War and its consequences?
[SSC Stenographer, 2024]
A. Rock Edict II
B. Pillar Edict II
C. Rock Edict XIII
D. Pillar Edict IV
Answer: C. Rock Edict XIII
Explanation: Major Rock Edict XIII records the conquest of Kalinga, its devastating casualties and Ashoka’s subsequent preference for Dhamma-vijaya over military expansion.
Q102. The Palkigundu Minor Rock Edicts of Ashoka are located in:
[SSC MTS, 2024]
A. Telangana
B. Tamil Nadu
C. Karnataka
D. Maharashtra
Answer: C. Karnataka
Explanation: Palkigundu in Karnataka is among the southern locations bearing Ashoka’s Minor Rock Edicts, demonstrating the geographical spread of Mauryan imperial communication.
Q101. Megasthenes was sent by Seleucus Nicator to the court of:
[SSC MTS, 2024]
A. Ashoka
B. Chandragupta Maurya
C. Bindusara
D. Pushyamitra
Answer: B. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Megasthenes served as Seleucus’ ambassador at Chandragupta’s court. His Indica described Pataliputra, administration, society and several features of contemporary India.
Q100. Ashokan inscriptions found in Afghanistan include inscriptions written in Aramaic and which other language/script tradition?
[SSC MTS, 2024]
A. Greek
B. Devanagari
C. Sharada
D. Ol Chiki
Answer: A. Greek
Explanation: Greek and Aramaic inscriptions in Afghanistan reflect the multilingual character of the northwestern Mauryan territories and the strong Hellenistic cultural presence there.
Q99. Who succeeded Chandragupta Maurya around 297 BCE?
[SSC MTS, 2024]
A. Kumaragupta
B. Bindusara
C. Ashoka
D. Kanishka
Answer: B. Bindusara
Explanation: Bindusara inherited Chandragupta’s vast empire and maintained Mauryan authority across most of northern India and the Deccan before Ashoka eventually succeeded him.
Q98. According to Megasthenes’ sevenfold classification, the king’s counsellors belonged to which group?
[SSC MTS, 2024]
A. Seventh
B. First
C. Fifth
D. Second
Answer: A. Seventh
Explanation: Megasthenes placed councillors and assessors in the seventh group of his occupational classification, regarding them as a small but influential section of society.
Q97. Which is generally regarded as the first great subcontinental empire of ancient India?
[SSC MTS, 2024]
A. Satavahana Empire
B. Mauryan Empire
C. Kushana Empire
D. Gupta Empire
Answer: B. Mauryan Empire
Explanation: The Mauryan Empire united an unprecedented proportion of the Indian subcontinent under a single political authority, particularly under Chandragupta and Ashoka.
Q96. Which event produced a profound change in Ashoka’s administrative and political outlook?
[SSC MTS, 2024]
A. Mission to Ceylon
B. Kalinga War
C. Accession of Bindusara
D. Alexander’s invasion
Answer: B. Kalinga War
Explanation: The suffering caused by the Kalinga campaign motivated Ashoka to emphasize welfare measures, restraint, non-violence and moral governance through his policy of Dhamma.
Q95. Who founded the Mauryan dynasty?
[SSC MTS, 2024]
A. Vikramaditya
B. Bindusara
C. Chandragupta Maurya
D. Ashoka
Answer: C. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Chandragupta replaced the Nanda dynasty and created a powerful centralized empire. His adviser Chanakya is traditionally credited with guiding his political rise.
Q94. In which Major Rock Edict is the Kalinga War mentioned?
[SSC CGL, 2024]
A. XII
B. X
C. XIII
D. XI
Answer: C. XIII
Explanation: Major Rock Edict XIII is the principal inscriptional account of Kalinga’s conquest, recording deaths, deportations, suffering and Ashoka’s subsequent moral regret.
Q93. Ashoka’s invasion of Kalinga is generally dated to:
[OSSC CGL, 2024]
A. 273 BCE
B. 269 BCE
C. 261 BCE
D. 250 BCE
Answer: C. 261 BCE
Explanation: The Kalinga War is conventionally dated around 261 BCE, approximately the eighth regnal year of Ashoka, though chronological reconstructions sometimes vary slightly.
Q92. In which Minor Rock Edict did Ashoka express faith in the Triratna—Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha?
[Bihar TRE, 2024]
A. Bhabru
B. Gurjara
C. Maski
D. Rummindei
Answer: A. Bhabru
Explanation: The Bhabru or Bairat Edict explicitly demonstrates Ashoka’s personal commitment to Buddhism and recommends specific Buddhist teachings for monks, nuns and lay followers.
Q91. Which Ashokan Rock Edict prohibited animal sacrifices?
[SSC CPO, 2024]
A. Major Rock Edict II
B. Major Rock Edict I
C. Major Rock Edict IV
D. Major Rock Edict III
Answer: B. Major Rock Edict I
Explanation: Major Rock Edict I restricts animal killing and sacrificial practices, reflecting Ashoka’s growing concern for non-violence and humane treatment of living beings.
Q90. Ashoka sent Mahendra and Sanghamitra to spread Buddhism in:
[SSC CPO, 2024]
A. Sri Lanka
B. China
C. Afghanistan
D. Burma
Answer: A. Sri Lanka
Explanation: Buddhist tradition credits Mahendra and Sanghamitra with establishing Buddhism in Sri Lanka during King Devanampiya Tissa’s reign and introducing a Bodhi-tree sapling.
Q89. Which empire was established by Chandragupta around 322/321 BCE?
[SSC GD Constable, 2024]
A. Mauryan
B. Pala
C. Mughal
D. Kushana
Answer: A. Mauryan
Explanation: Chandragupta’s overthrow of the Nandas initiated Mauryan rule, which expanded from Magadha into the northwestern subcontinent and eventually much of India.
Q88. Which Mauryan ruler was the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya?
[SSC GD Constable, 2024]
A. Brihadratha
B. Pushyamitra
C. Bindusara
D. Ashoka
Answer: D. Ashoka
Explanation: Chandragupta was succeeded by his son Bindusara, whose son Ashoka later became the third major Mauryan emperor and the dynasty’s most celebrated ruler.
Q87. Ancient Pataliputra, capital of the Mauryan Empire, corresponds to modern:
[SSC GD Constable, 2024]
A. Patiala
B. Panaji
C. Patna
D. Delhi
Answer: C. Patna
Explanation: Pataliputra developed near the Ganga and Son river systems and corresponds to modern Patna in Bihar, continuing as a major political centre for centuries.
Q86. The Prakrit term ‘Dhamma’ is most closely associated with which ancient ruler?
[SSC GD Constable, 2024]
A. Chandragupta II
B. Rudradaman
C. Rajaraja I
D. Ashoka
Answer: D. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka repeatedly invoked Dhamma in his inscriptions to promote moral behaviour, compassion, tolerance, obedience to parents and humane administration throughout his empire.
Q85. Emperor Ashoka became an important follower and patron of:
[SSC GD Constable, 2024]
A. Sikhism
B. Buddhism
C. Islam
D. Zoroastrianism
Answer: B. Buddhism
Explanation: Ashoka increasingly embraced Buddhist teachings after Kalinga while his public Dhamma policy remained broader, advocating moral principles applicable to diverse religious communities.
Q84. Who was the last ruler of the Mauryan Empire?
[SSC GD Constable, 2024]
A. Bindusara
B. Ashoka
C. Chandragupta Maurya
D. Brihadratha
Answer: D. Brihadratha
Explanation: Brihadratha was assassinated by his commander Pushyamitra Shunga around 185 BCE, ending Mauryan rule and inaugurating the Shunga dynasty in Magadha.
Q83. Who established the Mauryan Empire after overthrowing the Nandas?
[SSC GD Constable, 2024]
A. Mahapadma Nanda
B. Bindusara
C. Ashoka
D. Chandragupta Maurya
Answer: D. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Chandragupta’s conquest of Magadha, accomplished with Chanakya’s strategic assistance, created the basis for the first extensive imperial state of early historic India.
Q82. Bindusara succeeded which Mauryan emperor?
[Delhi Police Constable, 2023]
A. Shalishuka
B. Chandragupta Maurya
C. Ashoka
D. Devavarman
Answer: B. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Bindusara was Chandragupta Maurya’s son and successor. His reign served as a bridge between the empire’s foundation under Chandragupta and expansion under Ashoka.
Q81. According to Megasthenes, Indian society during the Mauryan period was divided into how many classes?
[SSC JE, 2023]
A. Four
B. Five
C. Six
D. Seven
Answer: D. Seven
Explanation: Megasthenes described seven occupational categories rather than the conventional four-varna framework, offering a distinctive Greek interpretation of Mauryan social organization.
Q80. According to Megasthenes, how many members were entrusted with administering the Mauryan army through committees?
[SSC JE, 2023]
A. 18
B. 24
C. 30
D. 36
Answer: C. 30
Explanation: Megasthenes described a military board of thirty members divided into six committees of five each, supervising different branches and logistical functions of the army.
Q79. Ashoka’s special officers responsible for propagating Dhamma were called:
[Bihar STET, 2023]
A. Dhamma Mahamattas
B. Samahartas
C. Sannidhatas
D. Pradeshikas
Answer: A. Dhamma Mahamattas
Explanation: Dhamma Mahamattas were appointed to promote ethical welfare, religious harmony and compassionate governance while maintaining contact with different sections of Mauryan society.
Q78. Megasthenes described Mauryan society as having:
[Bihar STET, 2023]
A. Four classes
B. Seven classes
C. Eight classes
D. Eleven classes
Answer: B. Seven classes
Explanation: His seven groups were based largely on occupational functions and included philosophers, cultivators, herdsmen, artisans, soldiers, overseers and royal councillors.
Q77. The original foundation of the Great Stupa at Sanchi is associated with:
[SSC MTS, 2023]
A. Samudragupta
B. Bimbisara
C. Ashoka
D. Chandragupta Maurya
Answer: C. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka established the original brick stupa at Sanchi in the third century BCE; subsequent rulers expanded it with stone railings and monumental gateways.
Q76. How many years after his coronation did Ashoka conquer Kalinga?
[SSC CGL, 2023]
A. Four
B. Six
C. Eight
D. Twelve
Answer: C. Eight
Explanation: Ashoka’s inscriptions state that Kalinga was conquered in his eighth regnal year, a campaign whose human cost transformed his approach to imperial expansion.
Q75. Which Mauryan emperor conquered Kalinga?
[SSC CGL, 2023]
A. Ashoka
B. Bindusara
C. Brihadratha
D. Chandragupta Maurya
Answer: A. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka’s conquest of Kalinga is one of the best-documented events of Mauryan history because Major Rock Edict XIII records its consequences and his remorse.
Q74. Chandragupta Maurya overthrew the Nanda dynasty with the assistance of whom?
[SSC CGL, 2023]
A. Vishnugupta
B. Banabhatta
C. Patanjali
D. Nagarjuna
Answer: A. Vishnugupta
Explanation: Vishnugupta is another name traditionally associated with Kautilya or Chanakya, the strategist credited with helping Chandragupta establish Mauryan authority in Magadha.
Q73. Which Hellenistic ruler was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya?
[SSC CGL, 2023]
A. Alexander
B. Seleucus Nicator
C. Antiochus III
D. Demetrius
Answer: B. Seleucus Nicator
Explanation: Chandragupta fought Seleucus I around 305 BCE. The resulting settlement transferred territories to the Mauryas and inaugurated diplomatic relations between the two states.
Q72. In Kautilya’s Saptanga theory, ‘Amatya’ refers to:
[SSC CGL, 2023]
A. Forts
B. Treasury
C. Ministers and officials
D. Allies
Answer: C. Ministers and officials
Explanation: The seven limbs of the state included king, ministers, territory-population, fortified capital, treasury, army and ally. Amatya represented the administrative personnel.
Q71. Which Mauryan ruler renounced aggressive warfare after the Battle of Kalinga?
[SSC CGL, 2023]
A. Chandragupta Maurya
B. Ashoka
C. Bindusara
D. Brihadratha
Answer: B. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka’s post-Kalinga policy increasingly emphasized Dhamma-vijaya, or conquest through righteousness and moral influence, rather than territorial expansion through warfare.
Q70. What was a principal responsibility of the Mauryan official called Samaharta?
[SSC CGL, 2023]
A. Tax and revenue assessment
B. Commanding cavalry
C. Supervising mines only
D. Conducting foreign diplomacy
Answer: A. Tax and revenue assessment
Explanation: The Samaharta was a major revenue official associated with assessment and collection, while the Sannidhata was particularly concerned with the state treasury and stores.
Q69. Which ancient text provides detailed information about Mauryan administration and military organization?
[SSC Selection Post, 2023]
A. Arthashastra
B. Ramayana
C. Rigveda
D. Milindapanha
Answer: A. Arthashastra
Explanation: The Arthashastra contains systematic discussions of governance, economic regulation, espionage, taxation, diplomacy, warfare and law, making it central to Mauryan administrative studies.
Q68. What was the principal purpose of Ashoka’s inscribed pillars?
[SSC MTS, 2023]
A. Spreading Dhamma policies
B. Promoting Bherighosha
C. Encouraging sectarian conflict
D. Recording only military victories
Answer: A. Spreading Dhamma policies
Explanation: Ashoka used rock and pillar inscriptions as public communications to explain moral duties, administrative reforms, religious tolerance and his conception of humane governance.
Q67. At which place are no Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka found?
[SSC MTS, 2023]
A. Girnar
B. Kandahar
C. Sanchi
D. Kalsi
Answer: C. Sanchi
Explanation: Sanchi is famous for its Buddhist monuments and minor inscriptions, whereas locations such as Girnar and Kalsi are prominent sites of Ashoka’s Major Rock Edicts.
Q66. According to Ashokan inscriptions, how many major political centres are commonly identified in the Mauryan Empire?
[SSC MTS, 2023]
A. Five
B. Six
C. Seven
D. Eight
Answer: A. Five
Explanation: Pataliputra was the imperial capital, while Taxila, Ujjain, Tosali and Suvarnagiri functioned as major provincial political centres across the extensive empire.
Q65. After which war did Ashoka abandon the policy of aggressive territorial conquest?
[SSC MTS, 2023]
A. Hydaspes
B. Kalinga
C. Panipat
D. Tarain
Answer: B. Kalinga
Explanation: Kalinga’s destruction generated Ashoka’s famous remorse. His inscriptions thereafter place greater emphasis on Dhamma-vijaya, welfare policies and restraint in the use of force.
Q64. Megasthenes was the Greek ambassador at the court of:
[SSC MTS, 2023]
A. Ashoka
B. Chandragupta Maurya
C. Bindusara
D. Brihadratha
Answer: B. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Seleucus I dispatched Megasthenes to Chandragupta’s court. Although Indica survives only in fragments quoted by later writers, it remains historically significant.
Q63. Which of the following was NOT one of the major Mauryan political centres indicated by Ashokan evidence?
[SSC MTS, 2023]
A. Taxila
B. Ujjain
C. Indraprastha
D. Suvarnagiri
Answer: C. Indraprastha
Explanation: The principal centres were Pataliputra, Taxila, Ujjain, Tosali and Suvarnagiri. Indraprastha does not appear among this standard list of Mauryan provincial centres.
Q62. The foundation of the Mauryan Empire was laid by:
[SSC CHSL, 2023]
A. Kalashoka
B. Chandragupta Maurya
C. Bindusara
D. Ashoka
Answer: B. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Chandragupta transformed Magadha into the centre of a vast empire, securing the Gangetic plain and northwestern territories with Chanakya’s strategic support.
Q61. Ashoka’s inscriptions state that he conquered Kalinga how many years after becoming king?
[SSC GD Constable, 2023]
A. Seven
B. Ten
C. Nine
D. Eight
Answer: D. Eight
Explanation: Major Rock Edict XIII places the conquest in Ashoka’s eighth regnal year, after which his policy gradually moved towards moral rather than military conquest.
Q60. Which Mauryan ruler popularized the concept of Dhamma through inscriptions?
[SSC GD Constable, 2023]
A. Ashoka
B. Bindusara
C. Dasharatha
D. Chandragupta
Answer: A. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka communicated Dhamma through inscriptions across his empire, promoting compassion, religious tolerance, filial obedience, welfare and restraint in killing living creatures.
Q59. Emperor Ashoka is generally considered to have died in:
[SSC GD Constable, 2023]
A. 245 BCE
B. 232 BCE
C. 249 BCE
D. 258 BCE
Answer: B. 232 BCE
Explanation: Ashoka’s reign is conventionally dated approximately 268–232 BCE. His death was followed by a gradual fragmentation of Mauryan political authority.
Q58. At which Rajasthan site have important Ashokan inscriptions been discovered?
[RPSC Senior Teacher, 2023]
A. Ganeshwar
B. Kalibanga
C. Bairath
D. Balathal
Answer: C. Bairath
Explanation: Bairath, or ancient Viratnagar, contains significant Ashokan inscriptions, including the celebrated Bhabru Edict demonstrating Ashoka’s personal commitment to Buddhist teachings.
Q57. Which region of the Mauryan Empire was under the most direct control of the emperor?
[SSC GD Constable, 2023]
A. Taxila
B. Ujjain
C. Pataliputra and surrounding region
D. Lumbini
Answer: C. Pataliputra and surrounding region
Explanation: The imperial heartland around Pataliputra was directly administered by the central government, with officials collecting taxes and regulating economic and administrative affairs.
Q56. Ashoka appointed which officials to address social and moral concerns among his subjects?
[SSC CGL, 2022]
A. Samahartas
B. Nyayadhishas
C. Amatyas
D. Dhamma Mahamattas
Answer: D. Dhamma Mahamattas
Explanation: Dhamma Mahamattas were specifically charged with advancing moral welfare, promoting tolerance and maintaining Ashoka’s contact with different social and religious communities.
Q55. Which Major Rock Edict emphasizes Ashoka’s Dhammayatras or moral tours?
[SSC Stenographer, 2022]
A. IV
B. VIII
C. IX
D. V
Answer: B. VIII
Explanation: Major Rock Edict VIII contrasts royal pleasure tours with Dhammayatras and refers to Ashoka’s pilgrimage to Sambodhi, generally identified with Bodh Gaya.
Q54. Who was the Greek ambassador sent to Chandragupta Maurya’s court?
[SSC Stenographer, 2022]
A. Agatharchides
B. Megasthenes
C. Heliodorus
D. Strabo
Answer: B. Megasthenes
Explanation: Megasthenes represented Seleucus I and wrote Indica. Later Greek and Roman authors preserved fragments describing Mauryan society, Pataliputra and administrative arrangements.
Q53. Megasthenes came to India as ambassador during the reign of:
[SSC Stenographer, 2022]
A. Chandragupta Maurya
B. Brihadratha
C. Ashoka
D. Samprati
Answer: A. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: His presence followed diplomatic relations established after Chandragupta’s conflict with Seleucus, making him an important foreign observer of early Mauryan rule.
Q52. Who was the last Mauryan emperor?
[JKSSB Sub-Inspector, 2022]
A. Ashoka
B. Dasharatha
C. Brihadratha
D. Samprati
Answer: C. Brihadratha
Explanation: Brihadratha was killed by his commander-in-chief Pushyamitra during a military ceremony, traditionally marking the end of the Mauryan dynasty around 185 BCE.
Q51. Ashokan inscriptions in Afghanistan were written in which linguistic/script tradition?
[UPSC CAPF, 2022]
A. Brahmi only
B. Sharada
C. Kharosthi only
D. Greek and Aramaic
Answer: D. Greek and Aramaic
Explanation: Afghanistan’s bilingual Ashokan inscriptions demonstrate the cultural diversity of the northwestern empire and Ashoka’s adaptation of imperial communication to local linguistic conditions.
Q50. The Lion Capital erected by Ashoka at Sarnath was made primarily of:
[RRB NTPC CBT-II, 2022]
A. Sandstone
B. Iron
C. Marble
D. Granite
Answer: A. Sandstone
Explanation: The Sarnath capital was carved from highly polished sandstone. Its four back-to-back lions became the model for the national emblem of India.
Q49. Which Mauryan emperor had messages engraved extensively on rocks and pillars?
[RRB NTPC CBT-II, 2022]
A. Ashoka
B. Bindusara
C. Chandragupta Maurya
D. Brihadratha
Answer: A. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka pioneered extensive royal communication through inscriptions on natural rocks and polished pillars, creating an unparalleled contemporary source for his policies and beliefs.
Q48. Which Rock Edict of Ashoka emphasizes religious tolerance and harmony among sects?
[UPPSC, 2022]
A. XI
B. XII
C. XIII
D. II
Answer: B. XII
Explanation: Major Rock Edict XII discourages excessive praise of one’s own sect and criticism of others, instead promoting mutual respect and understanding among religious communities.
Q47. The Lauriya-Araraj pillar inscription of Ashoka is located in:
[DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant, 2022]
A. Andhra Pradesh
B. Bihar
C. Madhya Pradesh
D. Uttar Pradesh
Answer: B. Bihar
Explanation: Lauriya-Araraj in Bihar is one of the important locations of Ashokan pillar inscriptions and reflects the concentration of Mauryan monuments in the Gangetic heartland.
Q46. According to the official UPSC answer to a question on Kautilya’s Arthashastra, which statements are correct? 1. A person could be enslaved through judicial punishment. 2. A female slave bearing her master’s son became legally free. 3. Such a son received the legal status of the master’s son.
[UPSC CSE Prelims, 2022]
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B. 2 and 3 only
Explanation: UPSC’s official key treats statements 2 and 3 as correct. The question tested detailed social and legal provisions described in Kautilya’s Arthashastra.
Q45. Consider the pairs: Dhauli–Odisha; Erragudi–Andhra Pradesh; Jaugada–Madhya Pradesh; Kalsi–Karnataka. How many are correctly matched Ashokan Major Rock Edict sites?
[UPSC CSE Prelims, 2022]
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
Answer: B. Two
Explanation: Dhauli–Odisha and Erragudi–Andhra Pradesh are correct. Jaugada is in Odisha, while Kalsi lies in Uttarakhand rather than Karnataka.
Q44. Which inscriptional evidence most clearly demonstrates Ashoka’s association with Buddhist sacred places?
[UPSC CDS-I, 2022]
A. Rummindei and Nigali Sagar inscriptions
B. Junagadh inscription only
C. Hathigumpha inscription
D. Aihole inscription
Answer: A. Rummindei and Nigali Sagar inscriptions
Explanation: The Rummindei inscription records Ashoka’s visit to Buddha’s birthplace at Lumbini, while Nigali Sagar refers to his enlargement of the stupa of Konakamana Buddha.
Q43. Which is the correct chronological sequence of major Mauryan rulers?
[SSC GD Constable, 2021]
A. Brihadratha–Chandragupta–Bindusara–Ashoka
B. Ashoka–Bindusara–Chandragupta–Brihadratha
C. Chandragupta–Bindusara–Ashoka–Brihadratha
D. Bindusara–Ashoka–Chandragupta–Brihadratha
Answer: C. Chandragupta–Bindusara–Ashoka–Brihadratha
Explanation: Chandragupta founded the dynasty, Bindusara succeeded him, Ashoka became its greatest emperor, and Brihadratha was the final Mauryan ruler.
Q42. Ashoka is traditionally said to have embraced Buddhism after which war?
[SSC MTS, 2021]
A. Kalinga War
B. Hydaspes War
C. Battle of Tarain
D. Battle of Panipat
Answer: A. Kalinga War
Explanation: The devastation of the Kalinga campaign profoundly influenced Ashoka, whose subsequent reign increasingly emphasized Dhamma, non-violence, welfare and Buddhist patronage.
Q41. Who was the last king of the Mauryan dynasty?
[SSC MTS, 2021]
A. Devavarman
B. Brihadratha
C. Samprati
D. Shalishuka
Answer: B. Brihadratha
Explanation: Brihadratha’s assassination by Pushyamitra Shunga terminated Mauryan dynastic rule and initiated Shunga control over the core Magadhan territory.
Q40. Which Buddhist Council was convened at Pataliputra under Ashoka’s patronage?
[SSC CGL, 2021]
A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Fourth
Answer: C. Third
Explanation: Buddhist tradition places the Third Council at Pataliputra around the reign of Ashoka, with Moggaliputta Tissa traditionally regarded as its presiding elder.
Q39. Ashoka attacked Kalinga approximately how many years after his accession?
[SSC CGL, 2021]
A. Five
B. Six
C. Eight
D. Ten
Answer: C. Eight
Explanation: Ashoka’s own Major Rock Edict XIII dates the Kalinga conquest to his eighth regnal year and describes the resulting human suffering in extraordinary detail.
Q38. ‘Kantakasodhana’ during the Mauryan period referred to a type of:
[SSC CGL, 2021]
A. Market
B. Court
C. Tax
D. Military unit
Answer: B. Court
Explanation: Kautilya describes Kantakashodhana courts dealing broadly with criminal activity, threats to public order and offences affecting the interests of the state.
Q37. Who published an important collection of Ashokan inscriptions in the nineteenth century?
[SSC CGL, 2021]
A. Alexander Cunningham
B. John Marshall
C. R. D. Banerji
D. Mortimer Wheeler
Answer: A. Alexander Cunningham
Explanation: Alexander Cunningham, founder-director of the Archaeological Survey of India, made major contributions to recording, identifying and publishing India’s early archaeological and inscriptional remains.
Q36. Chandragupta Maurya’s rise to power involved a successful struggle against which dynasty?
[SSC CGL, 2021]
A. Nanda
B. Gupta
C. Kushana
D. Shunga
Answer: A. Nanda
Explanation: Chandragupta and Chanakya challenged Nanda power in Magadha, eventually defeating Dhana Nanda and establishing a new imperial dynasty.
Q35. Who founded the Mauryan Empire in ancient India?
[SSC CHSL, 2021]
A. Bindusara
B. Ashoka
C. Chandragupta Maurya
D. Dasharatha
Answer: C. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Chandragupta founded the empire in the late fourth century BCE and later expanded its authority into northwestern territories after Alexander’s withdrawal.
Q34. Who was the first major Indian ruler to communicate extensively through messages engraved on rocks and pillars?
[SSC JE, 2021]
A. Ashoka
B. Kanishka
C. Harsha
D. Samudragupta
Answer: A. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka’s inscriptional programme was unprecedented in scale and provides direct royal statements concerning administration, morality, religious tolerance and public welfare.
Q33. Ashoka the Great belonged to which dynasty?
[RRB NTPC, 2021]
A. Maurya
B. Gupta
C. Shunga
D. Chola
Answer: A. Maurya
Explanation: Ashoka was the grandson of Mauryan founder Chandragupta and son of Bindusara, succeeding to the throne during the third century BCE.
Q32. Who originally commissioned the Great Stupa at Sanchi?
[RRB NTPC, 2021]
A. Ashoka
B. Chanakya
C. Bindusara
D. Chandragupta Maurya
Answer: A. Ashoka
Explanation: The earliest Sanchi stupa was a comparatively modest brick monument commissioned under Ashoka; later periods transformed it into the monumental structure visible today.
Q31. Administrative territorial divisions of the Mauryan Empire were commonly referred to as:
[MPSC State Service, 2021]
A. Janapadas
B. Mandalams
C. Nadus
D. Bhuktis
Answer: A. Janapadas
Explanation: Mauryan territorial administration operated through provinces and subordinate divisions. Terms such as Janapada were used for territorial units comprising settled regions and populations.
Q30. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic Mauryan administrative designation?
[Gujarat PSC, 2021]
A. Rajuka
B. Samaharta
C. Kumaramatya
D. Sannidhata
Answer: C. Kumaramatya
Explanation: Kumaramatya is prominently associated with Gupta administration, whereas Rajukas, Samaharta and Sannidhata belong to the administrative vocabulary associated with Mauryan governance.
Q29. Ashokan inscriptions near the Peshawar region were commonly written in which script?
[JPSC, 2021]
A. Brahmi
B. Kharosthi
C. Devanagari
D. Grantha
Answer: B. Kharosthi
Explanation: Northwestern Ashokan inscriptions employed Kharosthi, a right-to-left script influenced by Aramaic, whereas most inscriptions elsewhere in the empire used Brahmi.
Q28. Who originally built the famous Buddhist Stupa at Sanchi?
[Delhi Police Constable, 2020]
A. Ashoka
B. Chandragupta Maurya
C. Kanishka
D. Bindusara
Answer: A. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka’s Buddhist patronage included stupas and inscriptions across the empire. The original Sanchi stupa was later reconstructed and greatly enlarged during subsequent centuries.
Q27. Who was the earliest among the following foreign travellers to provide an account of India?
[SSC JE, 2020]
A. Xuanzang
B. I-Tsing
C. Megasthenes
D. Fa-Hien
Answer: C. Megasthenes
Explanation: Megasthenes visited Mauryan India centuries before Chinese pilgrims Fa-Hien, Xuanzang and I-Tsing and recorded his observations in the lost work Indica.
Q26. Northern Black Polished Ware, prominent during the Mauryan age, refers to a type of:
[SSC JE, 2020]
A. Coinage
B. Pottery
C. Textile
D. Weapon
Answer: B. Pottery
Explanation: Northern Black Polished Ware is a fine ceramic tradition associated with early historic urbanization in the Gangetic region and reached prominence during the Mauryan period.
Q25. Which Mauryan ruler became an important patron of Buddhism?
[SSC CHSL, 2020]
A. Ashoka
B. Bindusara
C. Chandragupta Maurya
D. Brihadratha
Answer: A. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka supported Buddhism, visited sacred sites, patronized the Sangha and helped transmit Buddhist traditions beyond India, while simultaneously promoting a broader ethical Dhamma.
Q24. The Jaugada Ashokan Rock Edicts are located in which present-day state?
[SSC CGL, 2020]
A. Gujarat
B. Odisha
C. Bihar
D. Karnataka
Answer: B. Odisha
Explanation: Jaugada in Odisha, along with Dhauli, contains Ashoka’s Separate Kalinga Edicts, which provide important evidence about administration after the Kalinga conquest.
Q23. Which ancient artificial lake in Gujarat was originally constructed during the Mauryan period?
[SSC CGL, 2020]
A. Sudarshana Lake
B. Pushkar Lake
C. Sambhar Lake
D. Loktak Lake
Answer: A. Sudarshana Lake
Explanation: Sudarshana Lake near Girnar originated under Mauryan administration and was later repaired under Rudradaman, whose Junagadh inscription preserves important details about it.
Q22. Who was the last Mauryan king?
[TNUSRB SI, 2020]
A. Kunala
B. Dasharatha
C. Pushyamitra
D. Brihadratha
Answer: D. Brihadratha
Explanation: Brihadratha’s assassination by his military commander Pushyamitra Shunga around 185 BCE marks the conventional termination of the Mauryan dynasty.
Q21. The Mauryan official known as ‘Agronomoi’ was particularly associated with:
[UPPSC, 2020]
A. Weights and measures
B. Road construction and related supervision
C. Religious administration
D. Treasury management
Answer: B. Road construction and related supervision
Explanation: Greek accounts describe officials translated as Agronomoi who supervised roads, milestones and aspects of rural administration, illustrating organized Mauryan public infrastructure.
Q20. The inscription advising against praising one’s own sect while condemning others was issued by:
[UPSC CSE Prelims, 2020]
A. Ashoka
B. Samudragupta
C. Harsha
D. Kanishka
Answer: A. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka repeatedly advocated inter-sect tolerance. Major Rock Edict XII particularly emphasizes restraint in speech and respect for traditions followed by others.
Q19. Ashoka was a ruler of which dynasty?
[DSSSB JE, 2019]
A. Gupta
B. Kushana
C. Chalukya
D. Maurya
Answer: D. Maurya
Explanation: Ashoka was the third major emperor of the Mauryan dynasty, following Chandragupta and Bindusara, and ruled during the third century BCE.
Q18. Who deciphered the Brahmi inscriptions of Ashoka?
[WBCS Prelims, 2019]
A. Alexander Cunningham
B. James Prinsep
C. Max Müller
D. Mortimer Wheeler
Answer: B. James Prinsep
Explanation: Prinsep deciphered Brahmi in 1837 and helped identify the recurring royal titles Devanampiya and Piyadasi, enabling systematic historical study of Ashokan inscriptions.
Q17. At which site is Ashoka explicitly named as ‘Ranyo Ashoka’ beside a sculptural representation?
[UPSC CSE Prelims, 2019]
A. Kanaganahalli
B. Sanchi
C. Shahbazgarhi
D. Sohgaura
Answer: A. Kanaganahalli
Explanation: Kanaganahalli in Karnataka yielded a sculptural panel carrying the label ‘Ranyo Asoka’, providing rare archaeological evidence directly identifying a representation of the emperor.
Q16. At which site is a Major Rock Edict of Ashoka found?
[UTET, 2019]
A. Sopara
B. Maski
C. Brahmagiri
D. Sarnath
Answer: A. Sopara
Explanation: Sopara in Maharashtra preserves a fragment of Ashoka’s Major Rock Edicts; Maski and Brahmagiri are better known for Minor Rock Edicts.
Q15. Which Mauryan ruler issued royal decrees at public locations throughout his empire?
[SSC JE, 2019]
A. Ashoka
B. Bindusara
C. Chandragupta Maurya
D. Dasharatha
Answer: A. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashoka used strategically placed inscriptions to communicate directly with officials and subjects, creating one of antiquity’s most extensive surviving bodies of royal proclamations.
Q14. Who among the following was known as ‘Devanampiya’ or ‘Beloved of the Gods’?
[SSC CHSL, 2019]
A. Kanishka
B. Kharavela
C. Ashoka
D. Amoghavarsha
Answer: C. Ashoka
Explanation: Ashokan inscriptions repeatedly use the title Devanampiya Piyadasi, meaning approximately ‘Beloved of the Gods, He Who Looks with Favour’.
Q13. Ashoka belonged to which dynasty?
[RRB JE, 2019]
A. Nanda
B. Gupta
C. Kanva
D. Maurya
Answer: D. Maurya
Explanation: Ashoka inherited the vast empire created by his grandfather Chandragupta and maintained by his father Bindusara, representing the high point of Mauryan power.
Q12. Who founded the Mauryan Empire after defeating Dhana Nanda?
[SSC GD Constable, 2019]
A. Chandragupta Maurya
B. Ashoka
C. Bindusara
D. Kanishka
Answer: A. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Chandragupta, supported by Chanakya, overthrew Dhana Nanda and established Mauryan rule in Magadha before expanding across northern and northwestern India.
Q11. Ashoka appointed special religious and moral officers known as:
[SSC GD Constable, 2019]
A. Dhamma Mahamattas
B. Dhammadhirajas
C. Dharmadhyakshas
D. Mahasenapatis
Answer: A. Dhamma Mahamattas
Explanation: These officers promoted Dhamma among diverse groups, supervised aspects of social welfare and conveyed the emperor’s concern for ethical behaviour and religious harmony.
Q10. Ashoka’s attitude towards warfare changed dramatically after which battle?
[SSC Selection Post, 2019]
A. Kalinga
B. Khanwa
C. Buxar
D. Tarain
Answer: A. Kalinga
Explanation: The severe casualties of the Kalinga conquest generated Ashoka’s remorse, explicitly recorded in his inscriptions, and encouraged his pursuit of moral conquest.
Q9. What was the capital of the Mauryan Empire?
[RRB Group D, 2018]
A. Magadha
B. Pataliputra
C. Nalanda
D. Takshashila
Answer: B. Pataliputra
Explanation: Strategically located in the Gangetic plain, Pataliputra became the administrative heart of the Mauryan Empire and one of ancient India’s largest urban centres.
Q8. Ashoka was the son of which Mauryan ruler?
[RRB Group D, 2018]
A. Chandragupta Maurya
B. Bindusara
C. Brihadratha
D. Dasharatha
Answer: B. Bindusara
Explanation: Bindusara succeeded Chandragupta and was followed by his son Ashoka, establishing the familiar three-generation sequence of the principal early Mauryan emperors.
Q7. Which Greek ambassador visited India during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya?
[WBCS Prelims, 2018]
A. Megasthenes
B. Pliny
C. Ptolemy
D. Herodotus
Answer: A. Megasthenes
Explanation: Megasthenes resided at or visited Chandragupta’s court and wrote Indica, whose surviving fragments provide valuable descriptions of Mauryan India.
Q6. The sevenfold division of Mauryan society is particularly mentioned in:
[BPSC 63rd CCE, 2018]
A. Arthashastra
B. Ashokan edicts
C. Puranas
D. Indica of Megasthenes
Answer: D. Indica of Megasthenes
Explanation: Megasthenes’ account classifies society into seven occupational groups, a description distinct from the fourfold varna model found in many Indian textual traditions.
Q5. Who is traditionally regarded as the author of the Arthashastra?
[Mizoram PSC CCE, 2018]
A. Kautilya
B. Kalidasa
C. Banabhatta
D. Vishakhadatta
Answer: A. Kautilya
Explanation: Kautilya—also identified with Chanakya and Vishnugupta—is traditionally credited with the Arthashastra, a major treatise on government, economics, diplomacy and political strategy.
Q4. Who was the last ruler of the Mauryan dynasty?
[SSC Stenographer, 2017]
A. Dasharatha
B. Samprati
C. Brihadratha
D. Kunala
Answer: C. Brihadratha
Explanation: Brihadratha’s death at the hands of Pushyamitra Shunga ended roughly a century and a half of Mauryan dynastic rule over Magadha.
Q3. Pataliputra, the Mauryan capital, is located in present-day:
[SSC CHSL, 2017]
A. Bihar
B. Uttar Pradesh
C. Madhya Pradesh
D. Odisha
Answer: A. Bihar
Explanation: Ancient Pataliputra corresponds to modern Patna in Bihar and occupied a strategic position along important riverine and overland routes of the Gangetic plain.
Q2. Bindusara was the son and successor of:
[SSC CHSL, 2017]
A. Ashoka
B. Chandragupta Maurya
C. Bimbisara
D. Brihadratha
Answer: B. Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Bindusara inherited the Mauryan Empire from its founder Chandragupta and maintained its territorial strength before the accession of his son Ashoka.
Q1. Chanakya, the political adviser associated with Chandragupta Maurya, was also known as:
[SSC CHSL, 2017]
A. Kautilya
B. Kalhana
C. Banabhatta
D. Panini
Answer: A. Kautilya
Explanation: Chanakya is traditionally identified with Kautilya and Vishnugupta. He is credited with assisting Chandragupta’s rise and with authorship of the Arthashastra.