Q110. Which is not itself a direct method of supplying irrigation water to fields?
[RRB Group D (5 December 2025, Shift 3)]
(A) Check dams
(B) River-lift systems
(C) Canals
(D) Wells
Answer: (A) Check dams
Explanation: Check dams primarily slow runoff and retain water to promote recharge or storage. Canals, wells and river-lift systems are established means of delivering irrigation water. Stored check-dam water can still be used indirectly for agriculture.
Q109. Which method allows the most precise application of irrigation water?
[SSC JE Civil Engineering (3 December 2025, Shift 1)]
(A) Drip
(B) Flood
(C) Sprinkler
(D) Furrow
Answer: (A) Drip
Explanation: Drip lines meter water through emitters next to crop roots. Because delivery is localized and adjustable, this method usually provides better control and efficiency than flooding, furrows or broad sprinkling, particularly in orchards and row crops.
Q108. Which pair represents initiatives to increase irrigation-water availability?
[RRB Group D (27 November 2025, Shift 2)]
(A) Manuring and chemical spraying
(B) Drip irrigation and crop rotation
(C) Sprinkling and ploughing
(D) Rainwater harvesting and watershed management
Answer: (D) Rainwater harvesting and watershed management
Explanation: Rainwater harvesting captures runoff for later use, while watershed management coordinates measures such as contour bunding, recharge and soil conservation across a catchment. Together they can improve local water availability and agricultural resilience.
Q107. Which statements about Kaleshwaram are correct: (1) inaugurated in Telangana; (2) large multi-stage lift irrigation; (3) built on Krishna River?
[SSC CGL Tier-I (22 September 2025, Shift 2)]
(A) 1 and 3
(B) 1 only
(C) 1 and 2
(D) 3 only
Answer: (C) 1 and 2
Explanation: Kaleshwaram is a large multi-stage lift irrigation undertaking in Telangana based on the Godavari river system, not the Krishna. Its multiple pumping stages move water to higher elevations for distribution to intended command areas.
Q106. At which Harappan settlement have traces of irrigation canals been found?
[NDA-II General Ability Test (14 September 2025)]
(A) Banawali
(B) Lothal
(C) Shortughai
(D) Dholavira
Answer: (C) Shortughai
Explanation: Shortughai was a Harappan settlement in present-day Afghanistan near the Oxus region. Archaeological evidence of canals there suggests efforts to divert water for agriculture, a valuable adaptation in the relatively dry environment.
Q105. Canal irrigation is best suited to which geographical area?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (29 August 2025, Shift 2)]
(A) High mountains
(B) Rocky plateaus
(C) River basins and flat land
(D) Very rocky deserts
Answer: (C) River basins and flat land
Explanation: Canals can distribute water by gravity over broad, gently sloping plains, especially where nearby rivers provide dependable flows. Mountainous or rocky terrain makes excavation and construction harder, increasing both engineering costs and maintenance requirements.
Q104. Why is canal irrigation particularly suitable for the northern Indian plains?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (28 August 2025, Shift 1)]
(A) Rivers flow only in monsoon
(B) Annual rainfall is always negligible
(C) Terrain is steep and rocky
(D) Flat terrain and perennial rivers
Answer: (D) Flat terrain and perennial rivers
Explanation: The northern plains combine extensive level alluvium with major perennial rivers. These conditions favour the excavation of canal distributaries and gravity-fed movement of water, enabling irrigation of large farming areas throughout varying cropping seasons.
Q103. Which irrigation technique conserves the most water among the options?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (19 August 2025, Shift 1)]
(A) Furrow
(B) Drip
(C) Flood
(D) Sprinkler
Answer: (B) Drip
Explanation: Drip outlets release water in small quantities close to active roots. This decreases wetting of unused soil, runoff and surface evaporation. Correct filtration and scheduled application are necessary to achieve the possible water savings.
Q102. Which canal serves irrigation in Gurugram and Faridabad districts?
[Haryana CET (26 July 2025, Shift 2)]
(A) Jawahar Lal Canal
(B) Gurugram Canal
(C) Bhakra Canal
(D) Bhiwani Canal
Answer: (B) Gurugram Canal
Explanation: The Gurugram Canal supplies agricultural water across parts of southern Haryana, including Gurugram and Faridabad. It forms part of the broader regional canal network that helps supplement uncertain rainfall and support cultivation.
Q101. Where is sub-irrigation especially suitable?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (23 June 2025, Shift 3)]
(A) Sandy soils alone
(B) Low fertility soils
(C) Very low water tables
(D) Areas with relatively high water tables
Answer: (D) Areas with relatively high water tables
Explanation: Sub-irrigation makes moisture available below the surface, commonly through controlled water tables and capillary rise. It works best where groundwater is sufficiently near the roots; excessively deep water tables cannot supply adequate moisture by capillarity.
