Q130. Which irrigation technique produces the least water wastage among these?
[RRB JE CBT-I (20 February 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Sprinkler
(B) Furrow
(C) Flood
(D) Drip
Answer: (D) Drip
Explanation: Drip delivers small quantities at plant root zones instead of wetting entire fields. It generally limits evaporation and runoff more effectively than flood and furrow irrigation. Good system design, filtration and correct scheduling are essential for these savings.
Q129. What are check dams?
[RRB Group D (10 February 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Earthen or concrete barriers across gullies
(B) Small huts near rivers
(C) Dams solely for industry
(D) Crescent-shaped hills
Answer: (A) Earthen or concrete barriers across gullies
Explanation: Small check dams intercept runoff across gullies or minor seasonal streams. They slow flowing water, reduce soil erosion, trap some sediment and encourage infiltration, which can improve local groundwater conditions and agricultural water availability.
Q128. The Sardar Sarovar Dam is constructed on which river?
[MP Police SI (18 January 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Mahi
(C) Narmada
(D) Tapi
Answer: (C) Narmada
Explanation: Sardar Sarovar is a multipurpose dam on the Narmada in Gujarat. Its canal system supplies irrigation and drinking water across extensive regions, while the associated works generate hydropower. The Narmada is a west-flowing peninsular river.
Q127. Hirakud Dam is built across which river?
[MP Police SI (17 January 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Cauvery
(B) Krishna
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Godavari
Answer: (C) Mahanadi
Explanation: Hirakud Dam spans the Mahanadi near Sambalpur in Odisha. The multipurpose project was built to reduce damaging floods, store water for canal irrigation and produce electricity, making it a landmark in post-independence water management.
Q126. Which is India’s longest irrigation canal?
[Delhi Police Head Constable (10 January 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Eastern Kosi Canal
(B) Sirhind Canal
(C) Yamuna Canal
(D) Indira Gandhi Canal
Answer: (D) Indira Gandhi Canal
Explanation: The Indira Gandhi Canal, formerly the Rajasthan Canal, carries water from the Harike system toward arid western Rajasthan. It supports irrigation and drinking water access across desert districts and is widely identified as India’s longest irrigation canal network.
2025 Previous-Year Questions
Q125. The Chorborari Medium Irrigation Project lies in which river basin?
[MP Police ASI & Subedar Steno (17 December 2025, Shift 1)]
(A) Ganga
(B) Mahi
(C) Narmada
(D) Godavari
Answer: (B) Mahi
Explanation: Chorborari is identified with the Mahi basin of Madhya Pradesh. The Mahi river originates in Madhya Pradesh and flows through Rajasthan and Gujarat toward the Arabian Sea; the basin supports several medium and major water-resource projects.
Q124. Kanhargaon Tank Medium Irrigation Project belongs to which basin?
[MP Police ASI & Subedar Steno (17 December 2025, Shift 1)]
(A) Ganga
(B) Narmada
(C) Tapi
(D) Godavari
Answer: (D) Godavari
Explanation: Kanhargaon Tank Medium Irrigation Project is listed under the Godavari river basin. Basin identification helps authorities plan water allocation and account for upstream and downstream drainage connections across state and district boundaries.
Q123. Which irrigation source pumps groundwater from deeper strata?
[RRB Group D (9 December 2025, Shift 1)]
(A) Canals
(B) Tube wells
(C) River-lift system
(D) Rain-fed cultivation
Answer: (B) Tube wells
Explanation: Tube wells bore into underground water-bearing formations and lift water with mechanical pumps. Canals transport surface water, whereas rain-fed farming relies on precipitation. Pumping makes tubewells useful but excessive withdrawals can deplete aquifers.
Q122. How is economic feasibility of an irrigation project commonly evaluated?
[SSC JE Civil Engineering (6 December 2025, Shift 2)]
(A) Rainfall records alone
(B) Topographic maps alone
(C) Benefit–cost ratio
(D) Water-quality tests alone
Answer: (C) Benefit–cost ratio
Explanation: A benefit–cost ratio compares the value of anticipated project benefits with total costs over the assessment period. It helps judge economic viability. Hydrological and environmental assessments are also needed, but they are not substitutes for economic appraisal.
Q121. What does duty of water denote in irrigation planning?
[SSC JE Civil Engineering (6 December 2025, Shift 2)]
(A) Crop water requirement
(B) Evaporation loss
(C) Area irrigated per unit discharge
(D) Reservoir storage capacity
Answer: (C) Area irrigated per unit discharge
Explanation: Duty expresses the land area served by a unit flow of irrigation water during a crop period, commonly hectares per cumec. It depends on crop type, soil, climate, conveyance losses and agricultural water-management practices.
