GK Questions History

Freedom Fighters of India and Their Contribution

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Q280. Who wrote Poverty and Un-British Rule in India, a major critique of the colonial drain of wealth?

[OSSC CGLRE Mains, Paper II (8 July 2026)]

  1. A. Surendranath Banerjee
  2. B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  3. C. Dadabhai Naoroji
  4. D. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Answer: C. Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji published this influential economic analysis in 1901. He argued that British administrative and commercial arrangements transferred Indian resources abroad without adequate return, helping turn the critique of colonial exploitation into a central argument of early Indian nationalism.

Q279. Which description best identifies Gopal Krishna Gokhale’s contribution to early Indian nationalism?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (20 June 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Moderate constitutional reforms and Gandhi’s political mentorship
  2. B. Leading the Salt March in 1930
  3. C. Organizing armed underground revolution
  4. D. Founding the Swaraj Party in 1923

Answer: A. Moderate constitutional reforms and Gandhi’s political mentorship

Explanation: Gopal Krishna Gokhale favoured constitutional agitation, legislative debate and political education. As a moderate Congress leader and founder of the Servants of India Society, he influenced Gandhi’s understanding of public service and political reform.

Q278. The Preamble of the Constitution is based on which resolution moved by Jawaharlal Nehru?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (17 June 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Directive Principles
  2. B. Fundamental Rights
  3. C. Directive Resolution
  4. D. Objectives Resolution

Answer: D. Objectives Resolution

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru moved the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly on 13 December 1946. Adopted in January 1947, its ideals of sovereignty, democracy, justice and equality subsequently informed the philosophical foundations of the Indian Constitution’s Preamble.

Q277. Which accomplishment of Vallabhbhai Patel during the independence movement is correctly identified?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (14 June 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Leading anti-Rowlatt protests in Punjab
  2. B. Drafting the Lucknow Pact
  3. C. Commanding the INA in Burma
  4. D. Leading Bardoli Satyagraha and earning the title Sardar

Answer: D. Leading Bardoli Satyagraha and earning the title Sardar

Explanation: Patel directed the 1928 Bardoli farmers’ struggle against increased land-revenue demands in Gujarat. Its disciplined nonviolent resistance forced concessions from the colonial administration. The leadership he displayed there helped establish the popular honorific Sardar attached to his name.

Q276. Who used Poverty and Un-British Rule in India to expose colonial-era poverty?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (14 June 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Pherozeshah Mehta
  2. B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  3. C. Mahatma Gandhi
  4. D. Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer: D. Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation: The work was written by Dadabhai Naoroji, one of the early economic critics of British rule. He connected Indian poverty with transfers of wealth to Britain through pensions, official remittances and other colonial expenses lacking corresponding benefit to India.

Q275. Who was an early Indian thinker to estimate the poverty line using the book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (13 June 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Rabindranath Tagore
  2. B. Mahatma Gandhi
  3. C. Dadabhai Naoroji
  4. D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: C. Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation: Naoroji advanced early estimates of Indians’ subsistence requirements alongside his wider examination of colonial economic exploitation. His pioneering calculations were not modern official poverty measurements, but they helped demonstrate the material deprivation experienced under British rule.

Q274. Which monument dedicated to Vallabhbhai Patel is the world’s tallest statue?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (13 June 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Statue of Unity
  2. B. Statue of Equity
  3. C. Statue of Equality
  4. D. Statue of Liberty

Answer: A. Statue of Unity

Explanation: The Statue of Unity commemorates Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel near the Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat. Its 182-metre height symbolizes Patel’s role in bringing hundreds of princely states into the Indian Union.

Q273. Who founded the All India Forward Bloc?

[UPSSSC Lekhpal Mains (21 May 2026)]

  1. A. Mahatma Gandhi
  2. B. Subhas Chandra Bose
  3. C. Jawaharlal Nehru
  4. D. Bhagat Singh
  5. E. None of the above

Answer: B. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose established the Forward Bloc in 1939 after his dispute with Congress leadership and resignation from the Congress presidency. It sought to unite left-wing and radical nationalist forces in support of complete independence and far-reaching socioeconomic change.

Q272. Which organisation did Gopal Krishna Gokhale establish in 1905?

[DSSSB MTS (12 May 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Servants of India Society
  2. B. Fergusson College
  3. C. Indian National Congress
  4. D. Deccan Education Society

Answer: A. Servants of India Society

Explanation: Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in Pune in June 1905 to train dedicated workers for public service. Its activities emphasized education, civic responsibility, healthcare and social reform, using constitutional approaches rather than revolutionary violence.

Q271. Which idea best represents Rabindranath Tagore’s critique of aggressive nationalism?

[UP PGT History (9 May 2026)]

  1. A. He opposed militant nationalism and favoured universal humanism
  2. B. He treated nationalism only as an economic question
  3. C. He rejected every cultural identity for Westernization
  4. D. He justified expansionist nationalism

Answer: A. He opposed militant nationalism and favoured universal humanism

Explanation: Tagore warned that aggressive nationalism could subordinate human dignity and ethical values to state power. His writings promoted cooperation, cultural exchange and a universal human outlook, while retaining a deep attachment to India’s literary and social traditions.

Q270. Which statement best describes cultural universalism in Tagore’s philosophy?

[UP PGT History (9 May 2026)]

  1. A. Civilizations enrich each other through contact
  2. B. Cultures must never cross national borders
  3. C. Culture contributes little to human values
  4. D. Western culture must replace Indian traditions

Answer: A. Civilizations enrich each other through contact

Explanation: Tagore believed cultures develop through dialogue rather than isolation. His educational and literary projects aimed to connect Indian traditions with world cultures, showing how freedom, creativity and mutual understanding can coexist with particular cultural identities.

Q269. What principle underlay Rabindranath Tagore’s educational philosophy?

[UP PGT History (9 May 2026)]

  1. A. Unmodified imitation of Western models
  2. B. Classroom confinement and rote learning
  3. C. Holistic development through nature, creativity and freedom
  4. D. Technical training without cultural learning

Answer: C. Holistic development through nature, creativity and freedom

Explanation: Tagore advocated education that united intellectual, artistic, moral and physical development. At Santiniketan he encouraged learning in natural surroundings, creative expression and international cultural engagement, challenging rigid classroom discipline and excessive memorization.

Q268. Gopal Krishna Gokhale testified before which British commission in 1897?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (8 May 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Hunter Commission
  2. B. Welby Commission
  3. C. Fraser Commission
  4. D. Raleigh Commission

Answer: B. Welby Commission

Explanation: The Welby Commission investigated Indian expenditure and financial relations with Britain. Gokhale submitted evidence concerning colonial fiscal burdens, extending the economic-nationalist criticism advanced by leaders such as Dadabhai Naoroji, and highlighting the need for accountable public finance.

Q267. Who was the first woman Governor of an Indian state after independence?

[SSC GD Constable (8 May 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Sarojini Naidu
  2. B. Indira Gandhi
  3. C. Sucheta Kripalani
  4. D. Vijayalakshmi Pandit

Answer: A. Sarojini Naidu

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu became Governor of the United Provinces, later Uttar Pradesh, in August 1947. A celebrated poet and freedom fighter, she had earlier become the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress at Kanpur in 1925.

Q266. What was the name of the fighting force associated with Subhas Chandra Bose’s campaign for independence?

[SSC GD Constable (4 May 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Swaraj Army
  2. B. Hindustan Liberation Army
  3. C. Indian National Army
  4. D. Bharat Mukti Sena

Answer: C. Indian National Army

Explanation: The Indian National Army, also called the Azad Hind Fauj, first emerged under Mohan Singh in Southeast Asia in 1942. Subhas Chandra Bose assumed command in 1943 and made it central to the armed campaign against British colonial rule.

Q265. Which peasant movement was led by Vallabhbhai Patel in 1928?

[OSSSC Forest Guard, Forester & Excise Constable (2 May 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Deccan Riots
  2. B. Bardoli Satyagraha
  3. C. Pabna Movement
  4. D. Moplah Rebellion

Answer: B. Bardoli Satyagraha

Explanation: Bardoli farmers challenged a steep enhancement of land revenue in 1928. Patel organized the collective refusal to pay, maintained nonviolent discipline and negotiated for relief. The movement became an important demonstration of effective peasant mobilization under nationalist leadership.

Q264. Which nationalist is known as the Grand Old Man of India and the Unofficial Ambassador of India?

[DSSSB MTS (1 May 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Dadabhai Naoroji
  2. B. A. O. Hume
  3. C. Pherozeshah Mehta
  4. D. Badruddin Tyabji

Answer: A. Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji publicized India’s grievances in Britain and became the first Indian elected to the British House of Commons in 1892. His constitutional campaigning and economic drain critique earned him enduring recognition among the founders of Indian nationalism.

Q263. In which city was the Servants of India Society established in 1905?

[OSSSC Forest Guard, Forester & Excise Constable (30 April 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Poona
  2. B. Nasik
  3. C. Bombay
  4. D. Nagpur

Answer: A. Poona

Explanation: The Servants of India Society began in Pune, then called Poona, in June 1905. Gopal Krishna Gokhale and fellow reformers organized it to train selfless workers dedicated to education, civic reform and public welfare through peaceful methods.

Q262. Who authored Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World), a novel engaging with the Swadeshi Movement?

[SSC GD Constable (29 April 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
  2. B. Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
  3. C. Rabindranath Tagore
  4. D. Bhabani Bhattacharya

Answer: C. Rabindranath Tagore

Explanation: Tagore’s novel, published in Bengali in 1916, presents competing ideas about nationalism and moral duty during the Swadeshi period. Through Nikhil, Sandip and Bimala, he explores tensions between patriotic zeal, personal freedom and ethical responsibility.

Q261. Who founded the Servants of India Society on 12 June 1905 in Pune?

[DSSSB MTS (25 April 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  2. B. Bipin Chandra Pal
  3. C. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  4. D. Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer: A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the society as a disciplined institution for national service. Members committed to public work and modest living, and the organisation promoted social uplift, education and constitutional political awareness in colonial India.

Q260. Whose birth anniversary was celebrated as National Youth Day on 12 January 2026?

[OSSSC Forest Guard, Forester & Excise Constable (24 April 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Swami Vivekananda
  2. B. Subhas Chandra Bose
  3. C. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. Rabindranath Tagore

Answer: A. Swami Vivekananda

Explanation: National Youth Day is observed on 12 January, Swami Vivekananda’s birth anniversary. His emphasis on strength, service and spiritual self-confidence influenced many Indian nationalists, including Subhas Chandra Bose, who admired his contribution to modern India’s awakening.

Q259. Who formed the Forward Bloc within the Indian National Congress in 1939?

[DSSSB MTS (23 April 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Annie Besant
  2. B. Lala Lajpat Rai
  3. C. Subhas Chandra Bose
  4. D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: C. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Bose formed the Forward Bloc after leaving the Congress presidency in 1939. He hoped to rally left-leaning forces and intensify the campaign for independence, although his political position increasingly conflicted with the established Congress leadership.

Q258. Who launched the Bhoodan Movement, sometimes called the Bloodless Revolution?

[DSSSB MTS (22 April 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. B. Mahatma Gandhi
  3. C. Sarojini Naidu
  4. D. Vinoba Bhave

Answer: D. Vinoba Bhave

Explanation: Vinoba Bhave initiated the Bhoodan or land-gift movement at Pochampally in 1951. Inspired by Gandhian nonviolence, he persuaded landowners to donate land for redistribution to landless families, seeking social change through voluntary cooperation.

Q257. What was the Welby Commission principally appointed to investigate?

[DSSSB MTS (22 April 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Causes of the Revolt of 1857
  2. B. Working of provincial councils
  3. C. Proposals for responsible government
  4. D. Financial relations and expenditure between Britain and India

Answer: D. Financial relations and expenditure between Britain and India

Explanation: The Royal Commission on Indian Expenditure, generally called the Welby Commission, examined the allocation of financial burdens between India and Britain. Its work became an important forum for Indian critics who argued that imperial spending unfairly burdened colonial revenues.

Q256. Who established Banaras Hindu University?

[OSSSC Forest Guard, Forester & Excise Constable (22 April 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  2. B. Rabindranath Tagore
  3. C. Madan Mohan Malaviya
  4. D. Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: C. Madan Mohan Malaviya

Explanation: Madan Mohan Malaviya was the leading founder of Banaras Hindu University, established in Varanasi in 1916. It grew from a collaborative educational effort involving Annie Besant and other supporters, combining modern higher education with Indian cultural traditions.

Q255. Why did Subhas Chandra Bose regard Vivekananda as a maker of modern India?

[OSSSC Forest Guard, Forester & Excise Constable (22 April 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Because of his military strategy
  2. B. Because of his role in spiritual and national awakening
  3. C. Because he led political parties
  4. D. Because he founded the Congress

Answer: B. Because of his role in spiritual and national awakening

Explanation: Bose drew deep inspiration from Vivekananda’s message of strength, self-respect and service. Vivekananda did not head a nationalist political party; his broader spiritual and intellectual influence helped shape Bose’s vision of national regeneration and freedom.

Q254. Who played a leading role in the integration of princely states after independence?

[DSSSB MTS (20 April 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Subhas Chandra Bose
  2. B. Jawaharlal Nehru
  3. C. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: C. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: As independent India’s Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister, Patel worked with V. P. Menon and princely rulers to secure accession to the Indian Union. His negotiating skill and firm administration earned him the title Iron Man of India.

Q253. In what year did Dadabhai Naoroji become a vice-president of the Bombay Presidency Association?

[DSSSB MTS (19 April 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. 1886
  2. B. 1906
  3. C. 1892
  4. D. 1885

Answer: D. 1885

Explanation: The Bombay Presidency Association was formed in 1885 by leading Bombay public figures to represent political concerns through constitutional agitation. Dadabhai Naoroji became one of its vice-presidents, adding his influence to early organized Indian political activity.

Q252. Match these colonial economic ideas with thinkers: (a) Drain of Wealth; (b) free-trade imperialism critique; (c) railways critique; (d) economic nationalism.

[UPHESC Assistant Professor History (19 April 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. a–Naoroji; b–R. C. Dutt; c–G. V. Joshi; d–M. G. Ranade
  2. B. a–R. C. Dutt; b–Naoroji; c–Ranade; d–Joshi
  3. C. a–Ranade; b–Dutt; c–Naoroji; d–Joshi
  4. D. a–Joshi; b–Ranade; c–Dutt; d–Naoroji

Answer: A. a–Naoroji; b–R. C. Dutt; c–G. V. Joshi; d–M. G. Ranade

Explanation: Early Indian economic nationalism involved several thinkers, each highlighting different forms of colonial exploitation. Naoroji developed the drain argument, R. C. Dutt criticized economic policy, G. V. Joshi discussed railways, and Ranade encouraged an independent national economic approach.

Q251. Who established the Indian Association in Bengal?

[OSSSC Forest Guard, Forester & Excise Constable (17 April 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  2. B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  3. C. Dadabhai Naoroji
  4. D. Surendranath Banerjee

Answer: D. Surendranath Banerjee

Explanation: Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose founded the Indian Association in Calcutta in 1876. It mobilized educated Indians around political reforms, civil-service opportunities and public rights, helping prepare the ground for later all-India nationalist organization.

Q250. Whom did Mahatma Gandhi describe as his Rajya Guru or political mentor?

[UPSC CDS-I General Knowledge (12 April 2026)]

  1. A. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  2. B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  3. C. G. G. Agarkar
  4. D. Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer: B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: Gopal Krishna Gokhale was Gandhi’s political mentor. Following his return from South Africa in 1915, Gandhi valued Gokhale’s advocacy of constitutional methods and public service. Gokhale’s advice influenced Gandhi’s initial approach to understanding Indian politics.

Q249. At the Lahore Congress of 1929, chaired by Jawaharlal Nehru, which objective was adopted?

[DSSSB MTS (11 April 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Purna Swaraj or complete independence
  2. B. Separate communal electorates
  3. C. Only provincial autonomy
  4. D. Dominion Status as final objective

Answer: A. Purna Swaraj or complete independence

Explanation: The Lahore session of December 1929 formally endorsed Purna Swaraj as the national goal. With Nehru presiding, the Congress rejected limited dominion status as insufficient, and 26 January 1930 was observed as Independence Day.

Q248. Who founded the Indian National Association in 1876?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (27 March 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Naoroji and Gokhale
  2. B. Naoroji and Debendranath Tagore
  3. C. Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose
  4. D. Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal

Answer: C. Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose

Explanation: The Indian National Association was founded in Calcutta in July 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose. It promoted broader political organization and constitutional reform before the founding of the Indian National Congress in 1885.

Q247. When did Jawaharlal Nehru first become general secretary of the All India Congress Committee?

[DSSSB MTS (25 March 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. 1909
  2. B. 1911
  3. C. 1925
  4. D. 1923

Answer: D. 1923

Explanation: Nehru first served as general secretary of the All India Congress Committee in 1923. That responsibility deepened his connections with Congress organizers and enlarged his involvement in national politics before his presidency at the Lahore session of 1929.

Q246. Which associate of Gandhi organized a salt protest in the Madras Presidency during the Civil Disobedience Movement?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (24 March 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. C. Rajagopalachari
  2. B. K. Kamaraj
  3. C. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. Sarojini Naidu

Answer: A. C. Rajagopalachari

Explanation: C. Rajagopalachari led the Vedaranyam Salt March in April 1930 in the Madras Presidency. The campaign complemented Gandhi’s Dandi movement and mobilized southern India against the British salt monopoly through organized civil disobedience and nationalist participation.

Q245. Who created the Servants of India Society for education and social reform?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (22 March 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Bipin Chandra Pal
  2. B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  3. C. Lala Lajpat Rai
  4. D. Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer: B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in 1905 with the aim of preparing dedicated public servants. Its members pursued educational and humanitarian programmes, expressing the constitutional and reformist strand of the early nationalist movement.

Q244. Which theory was advanced in Dadabhai Naoroji’s Poverty and Un-British Rule in India?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (19 March 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Drain of Wealth Theory
  2. B. Subsidiary Alliance
  3. C. Doctrine of Lapse
  4. D. Two-Nation Theory

Answer: A. Drain of Wealth Theory

Explanation: The drain theory described how Indian resources and income flowed to Britain without equivalent returns. Naoroji supported the argument with economic evidence, making criticism of colonial financial extraction a defining feature of moderate nationalism.

Q243. What did Jawaharlal Nehru famously call the temples of modern India?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (19 March 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Hospitals
  2. B. Dams
  3. C. Schools
  4. D. Parliament

Answer: B. Dams

Explanation: Nehru used this description for large multipurpose dams and development works, treating them as symbols of scientific progress and national reconstruction. Such projects were intended to support irrigation, electricity generation and industrial development in independent India.

Q242. Who authored Poverty and Un-British Rule in India?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (18 March 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Dadabhai Naoroji
  2. B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  3. C. R. C. Dutt
  4. D. M. G. Ranade

Answer: A. Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji published the work in 1901. It brought together evidence of colonial economic extraction and advanced the argument that official remittances and other outflows deprived India of capital needed for domestic development.

Q241. Who led Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (16 March 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  2. B. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  3. C. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  4. D. C. Rajagopalachari

Answer: B. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: The Bardoli campaign opposed an increase in land assessment in Gujarat. Patel organized disciplined resistance, bringing together farmers who refused the new demand. The successful struggle strengthened his standing as a mass leader and earned him the title Sardar.

Q240. Who wrote the introductory essay to Sarojini Naidu’s 1905 poetry collection The Golden Threshold?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (16 March 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. W. B. Yeats
  2. B. Arthur Symons
  3. C. Edmond Gosse
  4. D. Rabindranath Tagore

Answer: B. Arthur Symons

Explanation: Arthur Symons provided the introduction to The Golden Threshold, Sarojini Naidu’s first major poetry collection. Published in 1905, the book established her literary reputation, while her subsequent political work earned recognition as a major leader of the freedom struggle.

Q239. Who became the first Prime Minister of independent India?

[UP Police SI (15 March 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Lal Bahadur Shastri
  2. B. Rajiv Gandhi
  3. C. Indira Gandhi
  4. D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru assumed office as India’s first Prime Minister on 15 August 1947 and served until his death in May 1964. His administration prioritized democratic institutions, planning, science, industrialization and an independent foreign policy.

Q238. Assess the claims: (I) Vande Mataram Movement began on 11 February 1901; (II) Patel addressed Vijayawada in April 1907 on Swadeshi.

[DSSSB MTS (25 February 2026, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Both claims are incorrect
  2. B. Only the second is correct
  3. C. Both are correct
  4. D. Only the first is correct

Answer: A. Both claims are incorrect

Explanation: The Swadeshi movement grew after the partition of Bengal in 1905, making the date in claim I wrong. Claim II wrongly assigns a 1907 nationalist tour to Vallabhbhai Patel, whose mass political leadership developed substantially later.

Q237. Which numbered birth anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore was marked on 7 May 2025?

[RRB JE CBT-I (25 February 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. 164th
  2. B. 160th
  3. C. 162nd
  4. D. 166th

Answer: A. 164th

Explanation: Tagore was born in 1861, so the anniversary in 2025 was his 164th. The poet, composer and educationist became the first Asian Nobel laureate in literature in 1913 and founded Visva-Bharati at Santiniketan.

Q236. Which economic imbalance did Naoroji’s Drain of Wealth theory identify?

[RRB JE CBT-I (20 February 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Unequal economic transfer between India and Britain
  2. B. Only a shortage of Indian administrators
  3. C. Only high agricultural taxes
  4. D. Mainly religious discrimination

Answer: A. Unequal economic transfer between India and Britain

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji argued that salaries, pensions, remittances and imperial financial obligations caused wealth to leave India. Because the country received no adequate equivalent in return, this drain weakened investment, incomes and the domestic economy.

Q235. Which moderate leader helped direct the movement against Bengal’s partition?

[DSSSB PRT (19 February 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Bhagat Singh
  2. B. Surendranath Banerjee
  3. C. Jawaharlal Nehru
  4. D. Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: B. Surendranath Banerjee

Explanation: Surendranath Banerjee was prominent in the early agitation opposing Lord Curzon’s partition of Bengal. Through speeches, public meetings and his newspaper The Bengalee, he mobilized resistance, helping the anti-partition protests develop into the Swadeshi movement.

Q234. Which educational institution was developed by Rabindranath Tagore?

[SSC MTS 2025 Exam (10 February 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Presidency College
  2. B. Santiniketan
  3. C. Fort William College
  4. D. Hindu College

Answer: B. Santiniketan

Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore established a school at Santiniketan in 1901, building on the ashram founded by his father. His educational experiment later grew into Visva-Bharati, envisioned as a meeting place of Indian and world learning.

Q233. Which book containing an English selection of 103 poems was associated with Rabindranath Tagore?

[SSC MTS 2025 Exam (9 February 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Gitanjali
  2. B. Urvasi
  3. C. Aansoo
  4. D. Kamayni

Answer: A. Gitanjali

Explanation: The English Gitanjali, or Song Offerings, included 103 poems and was published in 1912. Its international reception led to Tagore receiving the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature, the first awarded to an Asian writer.

Q232. Assertion: Gandhi’s Rama Rajya envisioned decentralized, ethical self-government. Reason: His Sarvodaya ideal favoured village-based power. Choose the correct relation.

[MP Police SI (16 January 2026, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Both true, but reason does not explain assertion
  2. B. Assertion false, reason true
  3. C. Assertion true, reason false
  4. D. Both true, and reason explains assertion

Answer: D. Both true, and reason explains assertion

Explanation: Gandhi’s political ideal stressed moral public life, local self-rule and welfare for all. Sarvodaya means uplift of everyone, while decentralized village communities supplied an institutional expression of his resistance to concentrated coercive power.

Q231. Which writer of Gitanjali became the first Asian Nobel Prize winner in literature?

[Delhi Police Head Constable Ministerial 2025 Exam (12 January 2026, Shift 1)]

  1. A. R. K. Narayan
  2. B. Rabindranath Tagore
  3. C. Salman Rushdie
  4. D. Khushwant Singh

Answer: B. Rabindranath Tagore

Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. The international success of his English Gitanjali drew attention to his poetry, philosophy and musical achievements, making him a major voice in global literary culture.

Q230. Who launched the Bhoodan Movement in 1951?

[Delhi Police Constable Executive (29 December 2025, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Mahatma Gandhi
  2. B. Jawaharlal Nehru
  3. C. Vinoba Bhave
  4. D. Jayaprakash Narayan

Answer: C. Vinoba Bhave

Explanation: Vinoba Bhave began the Bhoodan land-gift movement in April 1951 at Pochampally in present-day Telangana. The effort sought voluntary land donations for landless people as part of a nonviolent Sarvodaya approach.

Q229. On which day was Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti observed as Parakram Diwas in 2025?

[RRB Group D (22 December 2025, Shift 3)]

  1. A. 23 January
  2. B. 21 February
  3. C. 19 April
  4. D. 17 March

Answer: A. 23 January

Explanation: Netaji was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack. His birthday is commemorated as Parakram Diwas, or Day of Valour, recognizing his leadership of the Azad Hind movement and his contribution to India’s independence struggle.

Q228. Which leader among these was not born in present-day Madhya Pradesh?

[MP Police Constable (3 December 2025, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Subhas Chandra Bose
  2. B. B. R. Ambedkar
  3. C. Chandrashekhar Azad
  4. D. Shankar Dayal Sharma

Answer: A. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, now in Odisha. B. R. Ambedkar was born at Mhow, Chandrashekhar Azad at Bhabra, and Shankar Dayal Sharma at Bhopal, all within present-day Madhya Pradesh.

Q227. Who chaired the Planning Commission when it was created in 1950?

[SSC CHSL Tier-I (29 November 2025, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. B. Morarji Desai
  3. C. Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. K. Kamaraj

Answer: A. Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru was the first chairperson of the Planning Commission, established in March 1950. Under his prime ministership, national planning was linked to industrial development, public investment and economic modernization.

Q226. Who was the first individual satyagrahi chosen for the 1940 campaign?

[MP Police Constable (28 November 2025, memory-based)]

  1. A. Sarojini Naidu
  2. B. C. Rajagopalachari
  3. C. Vinoba Bhave
  4. D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Answer: C. Vinoba Bhave

Explanation: Gandhi selected Vinoba Bhave as the first individual satyagrahi in October 1940. The limited protest campaign asserted Indians’ right to oppose participation in World War II while maintaining nonviolent discipline.

Q225. Which event involved a large revolt by Indian naval personnel after World War II?

[MP Police Constable (16 November 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Quit India Movement 1942
  2. B. Royal Indian Navy Mutiny 1946
  3. C. INA trials 1945
  4. D. Partition riots 1947

Answer: B. Royal Indian Navy Mutiny 1946

Explanation: The Royal Indian Navy mutiny broke out in Bombay in February 1946. Naval ratings protested grievances including racial discrimination, food and working conditions; the unrest soon spread to other ships and establishments.

Q224. In which year did Subhas Chandra Bose resign as Congress president?

[OSSSC CRE Prelims (13 November 2025, Shift 3)]

  1. A. 1937
  2. B. 1932
  3. C. 1941
  4. D. 1939

Answer: D. 1939

Explanation: Bose resigned in 1939 after his re-election at Tripuri intensified conflict with Gandhi-aligned Congress leaders. He had previously presided over the 1938 Haripura session and subsequently organized the Forward Bloc to consolidate radical nationalist elements.

Q223. After which movement did Vallabhbhai Patel become widely known as Sardar?

[DSSSB TGT Social Science (7 November 2025, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Quit India Movement
  2. B. Bardoli Satyagraha
  3. C. Dandi March
  4. D. Non-Cooperation Movement

Answer: B. Bardoli Satyagraha

Explanation: Patel successfully led the 1928 Bardoli struggle against increased land revenue. His leadership secured concessions and recognition from the farming community. The respectful title Sardar, meaning leader, became associated with him following the campaign.

Q222. In which year did Bose establish the Provisional Government of Free India?

[OSSSC CRE Prelims (22 October 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. 1943
  2. B. 1931
  3. C. 1936
  4. D. 1945

Answer: A. 1943

Explanation: Bose proclaimed the Provisional Government of Free India, or Azad Hind, in Singapore on 21 October 1943. Its political programme aimed at ending colonial rule, while the INA represented its principal military force.

Q221. Why did Tagore return his British knighthood?

[Bihar STET Social Science (15 October 2025, memory-based)]

  1. A. Execution of Bhagat Singh
  2. B. Chauri Chaura incident
  3. C. To join the Congress
  4. D. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Answer: D. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Explanation: Tagore renounced his knighthood in May 1919 in response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre at Amritsar. The gesture publicly rejected colonial honours amid deep outrage over state violence.

Q220. Whom did Bose defeat in the 1939 Congress presidential election?

[West Bengal Police SI Prelims (12 October 2025)]

  1. A. Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. B. Vallabhbhai Patel
  3. C. Abul Kalam Azad
  4. D. Pattabhi Sitaramayya

Answer: D. Pattabhi Sitaramayya

Explanation: Bose defeated Pattabhi Sitaramayya in the Congress presidential contest before the 1939 Tripuri session. Although elected, Bose encountered opposition from influential Congress leaders and resigned, later organizing the Forward Bloc.

Q219. At which session of Congress was Subhas Chandra Bose first elected its president?

[OSSSC CRE Prelims (8 October 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Allahabad
  2. B. Lahore
  3. C. Haripura
  4. D. Surat

Answer: C. Haripura

Explanation: Bose presided over the Haripura Congress session in 1938, where he emphasized planned economic development and complete independence. He won re-election the following year at Tripuri but resigned after a leadership dispute.

Q218. Who unfurled an early Indian nationalist flag in Stuttgart in 1907?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (22 September 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Aruna Asaf Ali
  2. B. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
  3. C. Bhikaji Cama
  4. D. Sarojini Naidu

Answer: C. Bhikaji Cama

Explanation: Bhikaji Cama displayed an early flag associated with Indian self-rule at the International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart, Germany. Her action in 1907 brought India’s nationalist demands before an international political audience.

Q217. Which one was NOT Prime Minister: Nehru, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Vallabhbhai Patel or Narendra Modi?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (17 September 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. B. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
  3. C. Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. Narendra Modi

Answer: C. Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Patel served as India’s first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister, not as Prime Minister. He played a leading role in integration of princely states, while the other three choices served as national heads of government.

Q216. Consider: (1) Pandita Ramabai wrote A Comparison Between Women and Men; (2) Tarabai Shinde practiced medicine to curb child mortality; (3) Sarojini Naidu joined a delegation seeking women’s franchise. How many are correct?

[UPSC CDS-II General Knowledge (14 September 2025)]

  1. A. One
  2. B. Two
  3. C. Three
  4. D. None

Answer: A. One

Explanation: Only the third statement is correct. Tarabai Shinde, not Pandita Ramabai, wrote the feminist critique Stri Purush Tulana, while the medical claim about Tarabai is incorrect. Sarojini Naidu participated in advocacy for women’s voting rights.

Q215. Which leader escaped surveillance in Calcutta in 1941 and later led the Indian National Army?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (9 September 2025, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Subhas Chandra Bose
  2. B. Mohan Singh
  3. C. Jawaharlal Nehru
  4. D. Captain Lakshmi

Answer: A. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Bose escaped from British surveillance in Calcutta in January 1941 and travelled through Afghanistan and the Soviet Union to Germany. He later reached Southeast Asia, where he assumed leadership of the INA in 1943.

Q214. Who founded the Forward Bloc?

[UPSSSC PET (6 September 2025, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Mahatma Gandhi
  2. B. Chittaranjan Das
  3. C. Subhas Chandra Bose
  4. D. Motilal Nehru
  5. E. None of the above

Answer: C. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose founded the Forward Bloc in 1939 following his resignation from the Congress presidency. The group sought to unite left-oriented and militant nationalist elements behind the struggle for full independence.

Q213. Which nationalist is particularly associated with the Drain of Wealth theory?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (3 September 2025, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Subhas Chandra Bose
  2. B. M. G. Ranade
  3. C. Dadabhai Naoroji
  4. D. C. Rajagopalachari

Answer: C. Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation: Naoroji developed the drain-of-wealth critique to describe resources flowing from India to Britain through administrative expenditure, remittances and trade arrangements. It became a major economic foundation of early organized Indian nationalism.

Q212. Who was a commander of the INA during the Second World War?

[AP High Court Stenographer/Junior Assistant (24 August 2025, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Motilal Nehru
  2. B. Sisir Kumar Ghosh
  3. C. Aurobindo Ghosh
  4. D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Answer: D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose became the supreme commander of the reorganized INA in 1943. His political and military leadership gave the force a prominent role in the final phase of India’s freedom movement.

Q211. Who was the first chairman of the Planning Commission of India?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (20 August 2025, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. B. B. R. Ambedkar
  3. C. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. C. D. Deshmukh

Answer: A. Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation: The Planning Commission was established in March 1950, with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as its first chairman. It coordinated national five-year planning, reflecting the government’s goal of organized economic development after independence.

Q210. Bose was mayor of which municipal corporation during 1930–31?

[DSSSB Assistant Section Officer (20 August 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. North 24 Parganas
  2. B. Durgapur
  3. C. Siliguri
  4. D. Calcutta

Answer: D. Calcutta

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose became mayor of Calcutta in 1930 after rising through the Bengal Congress under the influence of Chittaranjan Das. His municipal experience formed one stage of his work before national leadership and the INA campaigns.

Q209. Who was central to integrating princely states into India after independence?

[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (12 August 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. B. R. Ambedkar
  2. B. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  3. C. Jawaharlal Nehru
  4. D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Answer: B. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Patel led the political integration drive as Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister after 1947. Supported by V. P. Menon, he negotiated accession and handled difficult state cases, contributing significantly to the territorial consolidation of India.

Q208. Which title is popularly associated with Sarojini Naidu?

[SSC Selection Post Matriculation (26 July 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Nightingale of India
  2. B. Queen of Hearts
  3. C. Poet of Peace
  4. D. Voice of Freedom

Answer: A. Nightingale of India

Explanation: Her lyrical poetry earned Sarojini Naidu the name Nightingale of India, or Bharat Kokila. Besides writing, she participated in nationalist campaigns and became the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress in 1925.

Q207. What was the title of Sarojini Naidu’s first published poetry collection in 1905?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (20 June 2025, Shift 2)]

  1. A. The Golden Threshold
  2. B. Urvasie
  3. C. The Captive Lady
  4. D. Songs of the Dawn

Answer: A. The Golden Threshold

Explanation: The Golden Threshold appeared in 1905 and brought recognition to Naidu’s poetry. The collection employs imagery drawn from Indian life and displays the musical quality that contributed to her reputation as the Nightingale of India.

Q206. Who was called the Mother of Indian Revolution and unfurled an early nationalist flag abroad?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (20 June 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Vijayalakshmi Pandit
  2. B. Madam Bhikaji Cama
  3. C. Annie Besant
  4. D. Sarojini Naidu

Answer: B. Madam Bhikaji Cama

Explanation: Bhikaji Cama, an expatriate nationalist organizer, displayed an early Indian tricolour in Stuttgart in 1907. She is popularly remembered as the Mother of Indian Revolution for her overseas anti-colonial political activity.

Q205. Which observance in February honours Sarojini Naidu’s birth anniversary?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (11 June 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. National Women’s Freedom Day
  2. B. National Women Writers Day
  3. C. National Women’s Day
  4. D. National Women Leaders Day

Answer: C. National Women’s Day

Explanation: National Women’s Day in India is associated with 13 February, Naidu’s birthday. Her public life joined women’s political representation with anti-colonial activism, and her presidency of the 1925 Kanpur Congress was a notable milestone.

Q204. Which body was organized in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose?

[MPPSC Assistant Professor History Paper II (1 June 2025)]

  1. A. Bombay Association
  2. B. Indian Association
  3. C. Bombay Presidency Association
  4. D. Madras Association

Answer: B. Indian Association

Explanation: Banerjee and Bose founded the Indian Association in Calcutta to expand political awareness and press Indian grievances through organized constitutional action. Its nationalist campaigns preceded and influenced the wider political mobilization of the Indian National Congress.

Q203. On which date did Subhas Chandra Bose assume leadership of the INA and the Indian Independence League?

[MPPSC Assistant Professor History Paper II (1 June 2025)]

  1. A. 10 September 1942
  2. B. 28 March 1942
  3. C. 8 February 1943
  4. D. 4 July 1943

Answer: D. 4 July 1943

Explanation: Bose assumed leadership of the Indian Independence League and associated INA movement in Singapore on 4 July 1943. His arrival brought new international attention, political direction and mass fundraising to the independence effort in Southeast Asia.

Q202. How did Sarojini Naidu view the public role of poetry?

[Punjab Police Constable (20 May 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. It should exclude politics
  2. B. It should entertain only
  3. C. It should imitate Europe exclusively
  4. D. It could awaken patriotism and social awareness

Answer: D. It could awaken patriotism and social awareness

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu saw literature as an expression of feeling and public conscience. Her nationalist poems and speeches brought artistic language into political mobilization, showing that poetry could help communicate social concerns and the desire for national freedom.

Q201. Which leader is widely called the Unifier of India?

[CSIR-CRRI Junior Secretariat Assistant (18 May 2025, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  2. B. Mahatma Gandhi
  3. C. Subhas Chandra Bose
  4. D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: A. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Patel earned this description for his central role in bringing princely territories into the new Indian Union after 1947. With V. P. Menon, he worked through accession agreements and political negotiation to secure territorial unity.

Q200. Which claims about Jana Gana Mana are true:
(A) originally composed in Bengali;
(B) adopted in 1947;
(C) first sung at Congress in 1911;
(D) included in Gitanjali?

[CUET PG History (28 March 2025, Shift 2)]

  1. A. A and D only
  2. B. A and C only
  3. C. B and C only
  4. D. B and D only

Answer: B. A and C only

Explanation: Tagore wrote Jana Gana Mana in Bengali and it was sung at the 1911 Calcutta Congress session. The Constituent Assembly adopted it in January 1950, and it is not a poem from Gitanjali.

Q199. Which of these nationalist leaders was not generally classified as an extremist?

[RPF Constable 2024 Exam (12 March 2025, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  2. B. Aurobindo Ghose
  3. C. Bipin Chandra Pal
  4. D. Surendranath Banerjee

Answer: D. Surendranath Banerjee

Explanation: Surendranath Banerjee belonged to the moderate constitutional tradition of nationalism. In contrast, Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghose became identified with assertive or extremist political methods during the Swadeshi era.

Q198. When did Tagore begin his experimental school at Santiniketan?

[RPF Constable 2024 Exam (4 March 2025, Shift 3)]

  1. A. 1912
  2. B. 1899
  3. C. 1890
  4. D. 1901

Answer: D. 1901

Explanation: Tagore opened his experimental school at Santiniketan in 1901. It encouraged learning in nature, artistic freedom and intercultural exchange, and it later expanded into the educational institution Visva-Bharati in 1921.

Q197. Who pursued independence through the Azad Hind Fauj?

[RPF Constable 2024 Exam (2 March 2025, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Bipin Chandra Pal
  2. B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  3. C. Lala Lajpat Rai
  4. D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Answer: D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose led the Indian National Army in its wartime effort to challenge British authority through armed struggle. The INA drew substantial support from Indian communities in Southeast Asia and Indian prisoners of war.

Q196. Which women’s organisation did Sarojini Naidu help found in 1917?

[SSC GD Constable (18 February 2025, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Bharat Stree Mahamandal
  2. B. Women’s India Association
  3. C. National Federation of Indian Women
  4. D. All India Women’s Conference

Answer: B. Women’s India Association

Explanation: The Women’s India Association began in 1917 through the efforts of Margaret Cousins, Sarojini Naidu and other reformers. It campaigned for education, women’s franchise and equal opportunities, contributing to the growing Indian women’s movement.

Q195. In which city did Bose reorganize the Indian National Army in 1943?

[SSC GD Constable (10 February 2025, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Tokyo
  2. B. Berlin
  3. C. Singapore
  4. D. Rangoon

Answer: C. Singapore

Explanation: Singapore was the centre of Bose’s 1943 reorganization of the INA, which had first been formed by Mohan Singh in 1942. Bose linked the military effort with the Provisional Government of Free India and wider expatriate mobilization.

Q194. What was a central strategic reason behind Japan’s support for Bose and the INA?

[SSC CGL 2024 Tier-II (18 January 2025)]

  1. A. Unconditional support for self-determination
  2. B. Seeking alliances against Britain
  3. C. Advocacy of a communist India
  4. D. Expansion of influence in Southeast Asia

Answer: D. Expansion of influence in Southeast Asia

Explanation: Japanese backing reflected wartime geopolitical and military objectives in Asia, including ambitions for regional influence. Bose sought that assistance to free India from British rule, although Japanese strategic interests were distinct from Indian nationalist goals.

Q193. How did Subhas Chandra Bose believe India’s struggle for independence should be advanced?

[SSC CGL Tier II Paper I (18 January 2025)]

  1. A. Through political negotiations alone
  2. B. Through economic sanctions
  3. C. Through nonviolent methods alone
  4. D. Through military campaigns

Answer: D. Through military campaigns

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose favoured armed resistance to British imperial rule, particularly during the Second World War. He organized international support and assumed command of the Indian National Army, arguing that military action could complement nationalist political mobilization.

Q192. Which organisation did Subhas Chandra Bose establish after the crisis in his Congress leadership?

[Assam Police Constable (5 January 2025)]

  1. A. Republican Party
  2. B. Socialist Party
  3. C. Forward Bloc
  4. D. Indian National Army

Answer: C. Forward Bloc

Explanation: The Forward Bloc was launched in 1939 to bring together left-wing nationalist opinion and push for complete independence. Bose had resigned the Congress presidency after serious differences over leadership and political strategy.

Q191. Which statements are correct? (1) Congress Socialist Party formed in January 1934; (2) Nehru formally joined it.

[UPPSC PCS Prelims 2024 General Studies Paper I]

  1. A. Neither 1 nor 2
  2. B. Only 1
  3. C. Both 1 and 2
  4. D. Only 2

Answer: A. Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: The Congress Socialist Party was formed later in 1934, not in January. Jawaharlal Nehru sympathized with socialist thinking but did not formally join this Congress-affiliated organization. Its principal founders included Acharya Narendra Deva and Jayaprakash Narayan.

Q190. Arrange chronologically:
(1) Royal Indian Navy revolt,
(2) Cabinet Mission announcement,
(3) Interim Government formation,
(4) British parliamentary delegation reaching Delhi.

[UPPSC PCS Prelims 2024 General Studies Paper I]

  1. A. 4, 1, 2, 3
  2. B. 4, 2, 1, 3
  3. C. 4, 3, 2, 1
  4. D. 2, 4, 1, 3

Answer: A. 4, 1, 2, 3

Explanation: The parliamentary delegation reached India in January 1946, followed by the naval revolt in February. The Cabinet Mission came in March, and the Interim Government headed by Nehru took office in September 1946.

Q189. Put these associations in chronological order: East India Association, National Indian Association, Indian Society and Indian Association.

[UPPSC PCS Prelims 2024 General Studies Paper I]

  1. A. East India, Indian Society, National Indian, Indian Association
  2. B. National Indian, East India, Indian Association, Indian Society
  3. C. East India, National Indian, Indian Association, Indian Society
  4. D. East India, National Indian, Indian Society, Indian Association

Answer: D. East India, National Indian, Indian Society, Indian Association

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji founded the East India Association in 1866. The National Indian Association followed in 1871, the Indian Society in 1872 and the Indian Association in 1876, reflecting growing networks of reform and political organization.

Q188. Against whom was the Indian National Army organized to fight?

[Bihar Civil Court Clerk (22 December 2024, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Germany and Japan
  2. B. British rule in India
  3. C. Japan
  4. D. Russia

Answer: B. British rule in India

Explanation: The INA aimed to overthrow British colonial power through armed operations coordinated with Japan during World War II. Its soldiers included Indian prisoners of war and civilian volunteers from Southeast Asian Indian communities.

Q187. Who displayed an early Indian nationalist tricolour at an international socialist meeting in Stuttgart?

[RPF SI CBT-I (13 December 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Sucheta Kripalani
  2. B. Sarojini Naidu
  3. C. Bhikaji Cama
  4. D. Annie Besant

Answer: C. Bhikaji Cama

Explanation: Bhikaji Cama unfurled an Indian nationalist flag at Stuttgart in 1907, demonstrating the freedom movement’s international dimension. The banner preceded the design of independent India’s current national flag and symbolized opposition to colonial rule.

Q186. Who founded the Forward Bloc in 1939?

[RPF SI CBT-I (2 December 2024, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Subhas Chandra Bose
  2. B. Abul Kalam Azad
  3. C. Govind Ballabh Pant
  4. D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: A. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Bose founded the Forward Bloc after his resignation from the Congress presidency. Its aim was to gather radical nationalist and socialist supporters around stronger opposition to British rule and the demand for complete national independence.

Q185. Bhoodan–Gramdan, initiated by Vinoba Bhave, is also described as which movement?

[MPTET Varg 3 (16 November 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Land reform through state seizure
  2. B. Land gift movement
  3. C. Brown Revolution
  4. D. Land-rights litigation movement

Answer: B. Land gift movement

Explanation: Bhoodan means land gift and Gramdan means village gift. Vinoba Bhave appealed for voluntary transfers of land and wider community cooperation as a peaceful response to rural inequality and landlessness.

Q184. Who established the Servants of India Society?

[SSC MTS (14 November 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Mahatma Gandhi
  2. B. Motilal Nehru
  3. C. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  4. D. Chittaranjan Das

Answer: C. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society at Pune in 1905. It trained dedicated workers for public service, education and social reform. The institution reflected Gokhale’s conviction that national progress required sustained civic work alongside politics.

Q183. Who led plans to disrupt railway communications and seize arms in Bengal during the revolutionary movement?

[SSC MTS (13 November 2024, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Aurobindo Ghose
  2. B. Surendranath Banerjee
  3. C. Chittaranjan Das
  4. D. Jatin Mukherjee

Answer: D. Jatin Mukherjee

Explanation: Jatindranath Mukherjee, popularly called Bagha Jatin, organized revolutionary networks and wartime schemes for armed resistance. His efforts reflected the militant strand of anti-colonial politics alongside constitutional and nonviolent nationalism.

Q182. Which approach was used by Dadabhai Naoroji in an early estimate of the poverty line?

[SSC MTS (11 November 2024, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Prisoner-menu method
  2. B. Export-import figures alone
  3. C. Factory output figures
  4. D. Agricultural production only

Answer: A. Prisoner-menu method

Explanation: Naoroji used estimates based on subsistence food needs, including reference to prison diets, to highlight widespread poverty. His method was a pioneering attempt to give economic substance to nationalist criticism of colonial living conditions.

Q181. Who established the Bhoodan Yajna land-donation campaign?

[SSC MTS (28 October 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Subhas Chandra Bose
  2. B. Vinoba Bhave
  3. C. Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: B. Vinoba Bhave

Explanation: Vinoba Bhave initiated the voluntary land-gift campaign in 1951, beginning at Pochampally in present-day Telangana. Rather than compulsory redistribution, he encouraged landowners to donate land to poorer rural families through Gandhian moral persuasion.

Q180. Whom did Rabindranath Tagore call Nritya Samragini, or empress of dance?

[SSC MTS (17 October 2024, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Mrinalini Sarabhai
  2. B. Gangu Bai
  3. C. Rukmini Arundale
  4. D. Sitara Devi

Answer: D. Sitara Devi

Explanation: Sitara Devi was a prominent Kathak dancer renowned for energetic performances and artistic innovation. Tagore’s appreciative title recognized her exceptional dancing talent and helped establish her reputation within modern Indian classical dance.

Q179. Who headed the 1928 Nehru Report committee proposing a dominion-status constitution?

[SSC MTS (30 September 2024, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Motilal Nehru
  2. B. Jawaharlal Nehru
  3. C. Subhas Chandra Bose
  4. D. Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: A. Motilal Nehru

Explanation: Motilal Nehru, father of Jawaharlal Nehru, chaired the committee that drafted the 1928 Nehru Report. It proposed constitutional reforms and dominion status, while younger nationalist leaders increasingly pressed for complete independence.

Q178. Following which event did Tagore renounce his British knighthood?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (19 September 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Charan Paduka incident
  2. B. Partition of Bengal
  3. C. Jallianwala Bagh massacre
  4. D. Chauri Chaura incident

Answer: C. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Explanation: Tagore returned his knighthood after the Amritsar massacre of April 1919. His protest expressed moral outrage at colonial violence and gave powerful symbolic support to the nationalist demand for dignity and justice.

Q177. What is the birth date of Subhas Chandra Bose?

[TNPSC Group II (14 September 2024)]

  1. A. 23 January 1897
  2. B. 23 January 1891
  3. C. 26 January 1901
  4. D. 23 January 1895
  5. E. Answer not known

Answer: A. 23 January 1897

Explanation: Netaji was born on 23 January 1897 at Cuttack. He later led the Forward Bloc and the revived Indian National Army, pursuing freedom through international alliances and armed struggle during the Second World War.

Q176. In which location was the Indian National Army first organized?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (13 September 2024, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Singapore
  2. B. Germany
  3. C. London
  4. D. Japan

Answer: A. Singapore

Explanation: The first Indian National Army emerged in Singapore in 1942 under Captain Mohan Singh, drawing on Indian prisoners of war held by Japan. Subhas Chandra Bose reorganized it the next year.

Q175. Which advocate appeared on behalf of INA defendants during the Red Fort trials of 1945–46?

[RPSC Assistant Professor History Paper II (12 September 2024)]

  1. A. Vallabhbhai Patel
  2. B. Aruna Asaf Ali
  3. C. K. M. Munshi
  4. D. Bhulabhai Desai

Answer: D. Bhulabhai Desai

Explanation: Bhulabhai Desai was a leading defence lawyer in the Indian National Army proceedings. The trials became politically significant because public sympathy for the accused intensified nationalist mobilization across religious and regional boundaries.

Q174. Who wrote the book The Indian Struggle?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (10 September 2024, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Mahatma Gandhi
  2. B. Motilal Nehru
  3. C. Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Answer: D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: The Indian Struggle is Subhas Chandra Bose’s account of the nationalist movement and its political controversies. It illuminates his interpretation of Indian independence politics and the strategic debates shaping Congress and revolutionary approaches.

Q173. At which village did Vinoba Bhave receive the first land donation linked to the Bhoodan movement?

[UPSC NDA-II GAT (1 September 2024)]

  1. A. Ramgarh
  2. B. Garhwa
  3. C. Hyderabad
  4. D. Pochampally

Answer: D. Pochampally

Explanation: The movement began at Pochampally in April 1951 when villagers’ need for land prompted voluntary donation. Bhave thereafter travelled widely, asking landowners to contribute holdings for redistribution to families lacking agricultural land.

Q172. Arrange:
(1) Lucknow Pact,
(2) Bose’s return to India,
(3) Cripps Mission,
(4) Bombay Naval Mutiny, from earliest to latest.

[UPSC CDS-II General Knowledge (1 September 2024)]

  1. A. 4–3–2–1
  2. B. 3–4–2–1
  3. C. 1–2–3–4
  4. D. 2–1–3–4

Answer: C. 1–2–3–4

Explanation: The Lucknow Pact dates to 1916, followed by Bose’s return to India in 1921 after resigning from the Indian Civil Service. The Cripps Mission came in 1942, and the Royal Indian Navy revolt occurred in February 1946.

Q171. Who was the first Indian recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature?

[UP Police Constable Re-exam (24 August 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Sarojini Naidu
  2. B. C. V. Raman
  3. C. Rabindranath Tagore
  4. D. Mother Teresa

Answer: C. Rabindranath Tagore

Explanation: Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, gaining international recognition for Gitanjali. His influence extended beyond poetry to music, education, the Swadeshi debates and the cultural dimensions of Indian nationalism.

Q170. Who founded the Indian Association, an early nationalist political organization established in 1876?

[WBCS 2023 Mains History Paper III (Held 18 August 2024)]

  1. A. Aurobindo Ghosh
  2. B. Surendranath Banerjee
  3. C. Bipin Chandra Pal
  4. D. Surya Sen

Answer: B. Surendranath Banerjee

Explanation: Surendranath Banerjee co-founded the Indian Association with Ananda Mohan Bose in Calcutta in 1876. It encouraged political education, organized agitation against discriminatory policies and helped prepare the ground for a wider all-India nationalist movement.

Q169. Which author–book pairing is correctly matched?

[WBCS 2023 Mains History Paper III (Held 18 August 2024)]

  1. A. Nehru — Ghare Baire
  2. B. Naoroji — Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
  3. C. Tagore — Anandamath
  4. D. Bankim Chattopadhyay — The Discovery of India

Answer: B. Naoroji — Poverty and Un-British Rule in India

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji wrote Poverty and Un-British Rule in India. Tagore wrote Ghare Baire, Bankim wrote Anandamath and Jawaharlal Nehru wrote The Discovery of India, making the Naoroji pairing the only correct option.

Q168. The famous trials of officers of the Indian National Army at Delhi’s Red Fort began in which year?

[Bihar TRE 3.0 Primary Teacher (20 July 2024)]

  1. A. 1945
  2. B. 1946
  3. C. 1944
  4. D. More than one of these

Answer: A. 1945

Explanation: The first major INA court-martial began at the Red Fort in November 1945. The defence of the accused attracted wide public support and contributed to rising pressure on British colonial authorities.

Q167. In which year or years did Subhas Chandra Bose serve as president of the Indian National Congress?

[Bihar TRE 3.0 Social Science (19 July 2024)]

  1. A. 1938
  2. B. 1939
  3. C. 1937
  4. D. More than one of the above

Answer: D. More than one of the above

Explanation: Bose chaired the Haripura session in 1938 and was re-elected at Tripuri in 1939. Political disputes then compelled his resignation, after which he founded the Forward Bloc to rally more militant nationalist opinion.

Q166. Where was the Azad Hind Fauj initially formed?

[UKPSC Upper PCS Prelims (14 July 2024)]

  1. A. India
  2. B. Singapore
  3. C. Japan
  4. D. Germany

Answer: B. Singapore

Explanation: Captain Mohan Singh organized the first INA at Singapore in 1942 following the Japanese military advance. Bose took over its leadership in 1943 and established the Provisional Government of Free India.

Q165. Who among these was a major leader of the Indian National Army?

[SSC CHSL Tier-I (2 July 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Abanindranath Tagore
  2. B. Rabindranath Tagore
  3. C. Subhas Chandra Bose
  4. D. Chittaranjan Das

Answer: C. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose took command of the INA in Southeast Asia in 1943. The force attempted an armed liberation campaign against British rule and became a potent nationalist symbol during the later Red Fort trials.

Q164. Who was arrested on 31 October 1940 for offering Individual Satyagraha against India’s involvement in World War II?

[SSC CHSL Tier-I (1 July 2024, Shift 4)]

  1. A. Subhas Chandra Bose
  2. B. Vallabhbhai Patel
  3. C. Saifuddin Kitchlew
  4. D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru offered Individual Satyagraha against the British government’s unilateral decision to involve India in the war and was arrested in October 1940. Gandhi had selected Vinoba Bhave as the first individual satyagrahi.

Q163. Under whose presidency did the Indian National Congress formally adopt the Swadeshi call at its Banaras session of 1905?

[SSC CPO Paper I (29 June 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  2. B. Jawaharlal Nehru
  3. C. Rajendra Prasad
  4. D. Motilal Nehru

Answer: A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: Gopal Krishna Gokhale presided over the Banaras session in December 1905. Amid protests against Bengal’s partition, the Congress backed the use of Indian-made goods. Gokhale belonged to the moderate nationalist tradition and preferred constitutional political methods.

Q162. Which freedom fighter is credited with designing a precursor of India’s present national flag?

[SSC Selection Post Graduate Level (26 June 2024, Shift 4)]

  1. A. B. N. Rau
  2. B. K. M. Munshi
  3. C. Pingali Venkayya
  4. D. Prem Behari Narain Raizada

Answer: C. Pingali Venkayya

Explanation: Pingali Venkayya developed nationalist flag designs that contributed to the form of India’s present tricolour. The Constituent Assembly adopted the final national flag, with the Ashoka Chakra, on 22 July 1947.

Q161. Which Indian nationalist raised a flag in Germany in 1907?

[SSC Selection Post Graduate Level (24 June 2024, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Sarojini Naidu
  2. B. Annie Besant
  3. C. Sucheta Kripalani
  4. D. Bhikaji Cama

Answer: D. Bhikaji Cama

Explanation: Bhikaji Cama displayed an early Indian nationalist flag at the Stuttgart International Socialist Congress in 1907. Her activism abroad helped publicize the independence demand and connected Indian revolutionaries with international political networks.

Q160. Which freedom fighter wrote Letters from a Father to His Daughter?

[SSC Selection Post Graduate Level (21 June 2024, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. B. Subhas Chandra Bose
  3. C. Mahatma Gandhi
  4. D. Lal Bahadur Shastri

Answer: A. Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru wrote a series of letters to his daughter Indira in 1928, explaining the natural world and the development of human societies. Published as Letters from a Father to His Daughter, they reveal his educational interests.

Q159. At the December 1929 Congress session, Jawaharlal Nehru formally demanded what from the British government?

[SSC Selection Post Matriculation Level (20 June 2024, Shift 4)]

  1. A. Fundamental rights
  2. B. Civil rights
  3. C. Dominion status
  4. D. Complete freedom

Answer: D. Complete freedom

Explanation: The Lahore session of the Congress, presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru in December 1929, adopted Purna Swaraj, meaning complete independence. The decision marked a decisive shift beyond the earlier demand for dominion status within the British Empire.

Q158. Which INA statements are correct? (A) Brigades named Gandhi, Subhas and Rani Jhansi; (B) slogan Delhi Door Hai; (C) Rash Behari Bose handed over leadership; (D) Mohan Singh commanded the first INA.

[TSPSC Group I Prelims (9 June 2024)]

  1. A. A and B only
  2. B. A, C and D only
  3. C. B, C and D only
  4. D. All four

Answer: B. A, C and D only

Explanation: Statements A, C and D are correct. The INA used the rallying call Delhi Chalo, not Delhi Door Hai. Rash Behari Bose transferred leadership of the reorganized independence movement to Subhas Chandra Bose.

Q157. Who remarked that Gandhi was, without doubt, made of the stuff of which heroes and martyrs are made?

[MH SET History (7 April 2024)]

  1. A. Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. B. Pherozeshah Mehta
  3. C. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  4. D. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Answer: C. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: Gopal Krishna Gokhale admired Gandhi’s resolve after following his public work in South Africa. Gokhale became an important political mentor to Gandhi and advised him to understand Indian social conditions before embarking on nationwide political campaigns.

Q156. Match Constitution-related figures and roles: Naidu—Constituent Assembly member; Ambedkar—Drafting Committee chair; Rajendra Prasad—Assembly president; Motilal Nehru—1928 constitutional draft.

[CUET PG Political Science (20 March 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Naidu president; Ambedkar member; Prasad 1928 draft; Motilal committee chair
  2. B. Naidu president; Ambedkar 1928 draft; Prasad member; Motilal chair
  3. C. All four stated matches are correct
  4. D. Naidu chair; Ambedkar member; Prasad president; Motilal 1928 draft

Answer: C. All four stated matches are correct

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu was part of the Constituent Assembly, Ambedkar chaired its Drafting Committee and Rajendra Prasad presided over the Assembly. Motilal Nehru chaired the 1928 committee proposing a constitution under dominion status.

Q155. Which description is associated with Vinoba Bhave’s Bhoodan–Gramdan movement?

[Bihar TRE 3.0 Social Science (15 March 2024)]

  1. A. Panchayati Raj movement
  2. B. Green Revolution
  3. C. Bloodless Revolution
  4. D. More than one of the above
  5. E. None of the above

Answer: C. Bloodless Revolution

Explanation: Bhoodan–Gramdan came to be called a Bloodless Revolution because it sought rural redistribution through peaceful voluntary gifts. Vinoba Bhave used Gandhian methods to persuade landholders to donate land or establish community land arrangements.

Q154. In which year did Subhas Chandra Bose announce the Provisional Government of Free India?

[CUET PG History (13 March 2024, Shift 2)]

  1. A. 1940
  2. B. 1941
  3. C. 1942
  4. D. 1943

Answer: D. 1943

Explanation: Bose proclaimed the Provisional Government of Azad Hind in Singapore on 21 October 1943. It claimed to represent an independent India and supported the Indian National Army’s campaign against British rule during the Second World War.

Q153. Which leader was associated with the Sarvodaya Plan of 1950?

[SSC GD Constable (7 March 2024, Shift 4)]

  1. A. G. D. Birla
  2. B. Jayaprakash Narayan
  3. C. Jawaharlal Nehru
  4. D. P. C. Mahalanobis

Answer: B. Jayaprakash Narayan

Explanation: Jayaprakash Narayan is associated with the Sarvodaya Plan proposed in 1950. Drawing upon Gandhian ideas, Sarvodaya placed the welfare of all at the centre of reconstruction, emphasizing decentralized development, social equality and community participation.

Q152. Which freedom fighter was described as the Prince among Patriots?

[SSC GD Constable (6 March 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Bhagat Singh
  2. B. Subhas Chandra Bose
  3. C. Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. Rajendra Prasad

Answer: B. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: The description Prince among Patriots is associated with Subhas Chandra Bose, whose determination and leadership impressed fellow nationalists. Despite strategic differences with Gandhi, Bose received recognition for his commitment to independence and leadership of the Indian National Army.

Q151. Whom did Mahatma Gandhi acknowledge as his political guru?

[SSC GD Constable, memory-based (1 March 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Rabindranath Tagore
  2. B. Madan Mohan Malaviya
  3. C. Dadabhai Naoroji
  4. D. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Answer: D. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: Gokhale was a senior moderate nationalist whom Gandhi respected for his public service and constitutional understanding. His counsel helped shape Gandhi’s initial study of Indian society after his return from South Africa in January 1915.

Q150. Who defended Indian National Army prisoners during the Red Fort trials?

[Karnataka State Police Civil Constable (25 February 2024)]

  1. A. V. D. Savarkar
  2. B. Kailash Nath Katju
  3. C. Sucheta Kriplani
  4. D. Syama Prasad Mukherjee

Answer: B. Kailash Nath Katju

Explanation: Kailash Nath Katju was among the eminent lawyers associated with the defence of Indian National Army personnel. The 1945–46 trials provoked widespread public reaction and brought the service of INA soldiers into the national political spotlight.

Q149. In what year did Sarojini Naidu preside over the Congress?

[SSC GD Constable (21 February 2024, Shift 1)]

  1. A. 1925
  2. B. 1935
  3. C. 1931
  4. D. 1921

Answer: A. 1925

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu presided over the 1925 Kanpur Congress session, becoming the first Indian woman to lead the organization. Annie Besant had earlier become the first woman Congress president, at Calcutta in 1917.

Q148. Which episode prompted Tagore to return his knighthood?

[UP Police Constable (17 February 2024, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Partition of Bengal
  2. B. Jallianwala Bagh massacre
  3. C. Komagata Maru incident
  4. D. Attack on Lala Lajpat Rai

Answer: B. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Explanation: Following the killing of civilians at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919, Tagore renounced the knighthood bestowed on him in 1915. His public act condemned British repression and carried international moral significance.

Q147. How many INA statements are correct? (1) Its brigades included Gandhi, Azad and Subhas; (2) its slogans included Jai Hind and Delhi Chalo; (3) Rash Behari Bose had no association with it.

[HPSC Civil Services Prelims (11 February 2024)]

  1. A. Only one
  2. B. Only two
  3. C. All three
  4. D. None

Answer: B. Only two

Explanation: The INA was linked with brigades named for nationalist leaders and the slogans Jai Hind and Delhi Chalo. Rash Behari Bose was connected with the movement and helped prepare for Subhas Bose’s subsequent leadership.

Q146. Who established the Servants of India Society?

[Kolkata Police SI Prelims (28 January 2024)]

  1. A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  2. B. Raja Rammohan Roy
  3. C. Dadabhai Naoroji
  4. D. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Answer: A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: The society was founded in 1905 by Gokhale in Poona. It aimed to prepare people for selfless national service while pursuing improvements in education, social equality, sanitation and public welfare through peaceful constitutional methods.

Q145. Which statements are accurate: Tilak was called Father of Indian Unrest; Naoroji estimated national income; Bose later led INA; Bhagat Singh belonged to HSRA?

[IB ACIO Grade-II (17 January 2024, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Statements 2, 3 and 4
  2. B. All four statements
  3. C. Statements 1, 3 and 4
  4. D. Statements 1, 2 and 3

Answer: B. All four statements

Explanation: All four associations are historically accepted in the context of this exam. They link assertive nationalism, economic criticism of empire, the overseas armed campaign under Bose and revolutionary socialist organization represented by Bhagat Singh.

Q144. Which assertions hold: Swaraj Party began in 1925; Rowlatt Act helped cause Non-Cooperation; Simon Commission faced boycott; Bose reorganized INA in 1943?

[IB ACIO Grade-II (17 January 2024, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Statements 2, 3 and 4
  2. B. Statements 1, 3 and 4
  3. C. All four statements
  4. D. Statements 1, 2 and 3

Answer: A. Statements 2, 3 and 4

Explanation: The Swaraj Party was established in 1923, not 1925. The Rowlatt Act contributed to anti-colonial agitation, the Simon Commission was widely boycotted, and Bose reorganized the Indian National Army in Southeast Asia in 1943.

Q143. For which literary work did Tagore receive the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature?

[Assam ADRE SLRC Paper I (2024)]

  1. A. Ghare Baire
  2. B. Gitimalya
  3. C. Gitanjali
  4. D. Gora

Answer: C. Gitanjali

Explanation: Tagore’s Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 was associated with his collection Gitanjali and its English rendition Song Offerings. The award was a landmark international recognition for Indian and Bengali literary achievement.

Q142. Who is popularly credited with raising an Indian nationalist flag outside India in 1907?

[Bihar TRE 2.0 Primary Teacher (14 December 2023)]

  1. A. Lala Lajpat Rai
  2. B. Bhikaji Cama
  3. C. Rash Behari Bose
  4. D. More than one
  5. E. None of these

Answer: B. Bhikaji Cama

Explanation: Bhikaji Cama displayed a precursor of India’s national tricolour during an international conference at Stuttgart in 1907. Her act represented expatriate efforts to secure worldwide awareness of the Indian independence cause.

Q141. Whom did Gopal Krishna Gokhale describe as a potential best ambassador of Hindu–Muslim unity?

[Delhi Police Constable Executive (24 November 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
  2. B. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
  3. C. Jawaharlal Nehru
  4. D. Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: A. Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Explanation: Gokhale praised the early Muhammad Ali Jinnah for his independent outlook and freedom from sectarian prejudice. Jinnah initially advocated cooperation between communities and participated in constitutional nationalist politics before the sharp communal divisions of later decades.

Q140. Who co-founded the Indian Association of 1876 alongside Surendranath Banerjee?

[Delhi Police Constable Executive (20 November 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Benoy Krishna Bose
  2. B. Jatindranath Mukherjee
  3. C. Ananda Mohan Bose
  4. D. Chittaranjan Das

Answer: C. Ananda Mohan Bose

Explanation: Ananda Mohan Bose and Surendranath Banerjee established the Indian Association in 1876. The organization promoted political education, sought representative reforms and brought nationalist concerns into wider public forums.

Q139. Who was the first Indian to qualify for the Indian Civil Service examination?

[Delhi Police Constable Executive (15 November 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Surendranath Banerjee
  2. B. Subhas Chandra Bose
  3. C. Satyendranath Tagore
  4. D. C. Rajagopalachari

Answer: C. Satyendranath Tagore

Explanation: Satyendranath Tagore, an elder brother of Rabindranath Tagore, became the first Indian to enter the Indian Civil Service after passing the examination in 1863. The achievement highlighted barriers Indians faced in colonial administration.

Q138. Tagore surrendered his British knighthood in protest against which incident?

[Delhi Police Constable Executive (14 November 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Partition of Bengal in 1905
  2. B. Pitt’s India Act
  3. C. Komagata Maru incident
  4. D. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Answer: D. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood in 1919 after troops fired on a crowd at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar. His public protest condemned the moral legitimacy of colonial honours amid state violence.

Q137. In which province was the Bardoli Satyagraha launched?

[SSC JE Civil Paper I (9 October 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Bihar
  2. B. Gujarat
  3. C. Kerala
  4. D. Tamil Nadu

Answer: B. Gujarat

Explanation: Bardoli lies in Gujarat, formerly within the Bombay Presidency under British rule. In 1928, cultivators resisted an increase in land revenue under the leadership of Vallabhbhai Patel. Their campaign became a landmark of organized, nonviolent agrarian protest.

Q136. Vallabhbhai Patel and which leader helped Gandhi mobilize the peasants of Kheda?

[SSC CPO Paper I (3 October 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Jamnalal Bajaj
  2. B. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
  3. C. Motilal Nehru
  4. D. Indulal Yajnik

Answer: D. Indulal Yajnik

Explanation: Vallabhbhai Patel and Indulal Yajnik assisted Gandhi during the Kheda Satyagraha of 1918. They toured villages and encouraged cultivators to resist revenue collection when crop failure made payment extremely difficult, helping build a disciplined nonviolent movement.

Q135. Who first used the term Sarvodaya?

[CISF Constable Fireman (26 September 2023, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Mahatma Gandhi
  2. B. Rajendra Prasad
  3. C. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  4. D. Vinoba Bhave

Answer: A. Mahatma Gandhi

Explanation: Gandhi used Sarvodaya as the title of his Gujarati rendering of John Ruskin’s Unto This Last. The idea of welfare for everyone subsequently inspired Vinoba Bhave’s Bhoodan and Gramdan campaigns of nonviolent social change.

Q134. In which year was the first Indian National Army formed?

[CISF Constable Fireman (26 September 2023, Shift 2)]

  1. A. 1941
  2. B. 1942
  3. C. 1943
  4. D. 1940

Answer: B. 1942

Explanation: Mohan Singh organized the first INA in 1942 using Indian prisoners of war in Southeast Asia. Bose assumed command in 1943, after the original formation had experienced internal disagreements with Japanese authorities.

Q133. In which year was the Indian National Army initially formed?

[CISF Constable Fireman (26 September 2023, Shift 2)]

  1. A. 1941
  2. B. 1942
  3. C. 1943
  4. D. 1940

Answer: B. 1942

Explanation: The first INA was established in 1942 under Mohan Singh with Indian prisoners captured by Japanese forces in Southeast Asia. Subhas Chandra Bose took leadership in 1943 and revitalized the army’s organization and campaign for independence.

Q132. Who presided over the 1931 Karachi session of the Indian National Congress?

[DDA Junior Secretariat Assistant (20 September 2023, Shift 4)]

  1. A. Subhas Chandra Bose
  2. B. Rajendra Prasad
  3. C. Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: C. Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Vallabhbhai Patel chaired the Karachi session of 1931. It was especially important for resolutions on Fundamental Rights and the National Economic Programme. The meeting took place soon after the Gandhi–Irwin Pact and the executions of Bhagat Singh and his comrades.

Q131. On whose advice did Gandhi spend a year travelling around British India to understand its people?

[SSC MTS (14 September 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Krishnashankar Pandya
  2. B. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
  3. C. Shrimad Rajchandra
  4. D. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Answer: D. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: After Gandhi returned from South Africa in 1915, his political mentor Gopal Krishna Gokhale encouraged him to travel through India and learn about ordinary people’s circumstances. This experience preceded Gandhi’s major public interventions in Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda.

Q130. Who was the first Prime Minister of independent India?

[SSC MTS (12 September 2023, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Rajendra Prasad
  2. B. Indira Gandhi
  3. C. Jawaharlal Nehru
  4. D. Gulzarilal Nanda

Answer: C. Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru became India’s first Prime Minister on 15 August 1947 and served until his death in 1964. Previously a major Congress leader, he had led anti-colonial campaigns and chaired the 1929 Lahore session demanding complete independence.

Q129. Who founded Visva-Bharati in 1921?

[SSC MTS (5 September 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Rabindranath Tagore
  2. B. Vinoba Bhave
  3. C. Mother Teresa
  4. D. Swami Chinmayananda

Answer: A. Rabindranath Tagore

Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore established Visva-Bharati at Santiniketan in 1921 as a centre for learning across cultures. Its educational approach united art, literature, nature and intellectual exchange, extending the ideals he had cultivated through his earlier school.

Q128. How many of these statements about Bhoodan are correct: Vinoba Bhave organized Sarvodaya Samaj; Jayaprakash Narayan joined the movement in 1953; the first land donation occurred at Pochampally?

[UPSC NDA-II General Ability (3 September 2023)]

  1. A. One
  2. B. Two
  3. C. Three
  4. D. None

Answer: C. Three

Explanation: All three statements are treated as correct in the NDA paper. Vinoba Bhave built a voluntary land-gift movement linked to Sarvodaya, Jayaprakash Narayan supported it, and the first major donation occurred at Pochampally in Telangana in 1951.

Q127. Above which gate of the Red Fort did Jawaharlal Nehru raise the national flag at independence?

[SSC MTS (1 September 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Delhi Gate
  2. B. Kashmiri Gate
  3. C. Ajmeri Gate
  4. D. Lahori Gate

Answer: D. Lahori Gate

Explanation: The Lahori Gate is the principal entrance to Delhi’s Red Fort and became closely associated with Independence Day ceremonies. The tricolour raised in August 1947 symbolized the transfer of power and the end of colonial rule.

Q126. Bhikaji Rustom Cama is chiefly remembered for which nationalist act?

[MP Police Constable (1 September 2023, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Unfurling an Indian independence flag abroad
  2. B. Founding the Indian Home Rule Society
  3. C. Demanding Bengal partition
  4. D. Supporting colonial administration

Answer: A. Unfurling an Indian independence flag abroad

Explanation: Bhikaji Cama displayed an early Indian nationalist flag at Stuttgart in 1907. Her overseas activities supported the independence cause, including networking with Indian activists in Europe and advocating self-determination.

Q125. Who began the Bhoodan–Gramdan movement, called the Bloodless Revolution?

[Bihar Secondary Teacher Social Science (26 August 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Vinoba Bhave
  2. B. Sukya Bhuvesh
  3. C. Sardar Patel
  4. D. More than one of the above
  5. E. None of the above

Answer: A. Vinoba Bhave

Explanation: Vinoba Bhave started Bhoodan at Pochampally in 1951. The movement sought voluntary land contributions and later promoted Gramdan, the gifting of land rights to village communities to pursue more equal rural landholding.

Q124. Who helped found the Indian Association in 1876?

[SSC CHSL Tier-I (14 August 2023, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Dadabhai Naoroji
  2. B. Surendranath Banerjee
  3. C. M. G. Ranade
  4. D. Sisir Kumar Ghosh

Answer: B. Surendranath Banerjee

Explanation: Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose founded the Indian Association at Calcutta in 1876. It encouraged political consciousness and mobilized educated Indians before the emergence of the Indian National Congress.

Q123. Who is credited with integrating more than 500 princely states into independent India?

[MP Police Constable (13 August 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Milkha Singh
  2. B. Nirad C. Chaudhuri
  3. C. Lala Lajpat Rai
  4. D. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Answer: D. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel worked closely with V. P. Menon and other officials to secure the accession of hundreds of princely states to India. As deputy prime minister and home minister, he combined diplomacy and firm political leadership.

Q122. Which nationalist founded the Deccan Sabha?

[SSC CHSL Tier I (10 August 2023, Shift 4)]

  1. A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  2. B. Pherozeshah Mehta
  3. C. Surendranath Banerjee
  4. D. Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer: A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: Gopal Krishna Gokhale was associated with the founding of the Deccan Sabha in 1896. The organization represented moderate public opinion and constitutional reform in western India. Gokhale later promoted public education and service through the Servants of India Society.

Q121. Who co-founded the Indian Association with Ananda Mohan Bose?

[SSC CHSL Tier-I (8 August 2023, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Dadabhai Naoroji
  2. B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  3. C. Pherozeshah Mehta
  4. D. Surendranath Banerjee

Answer: D. Surendranath Banerjee

Explanation: Surendranath Banerjee worked with Ananda Mohan Bose to establish the Indian Association in 1876. The association helped expand Indian political participation and advocated reforms through organized public discussion and campaigning.

Q120. Pingali Venkayya is particularly connected with which national symbol?

[PSSSB Clerk (6 August 2023)]

  1. A. The Indian Army
  2. B. The Indian national flag
  3. C. The Indian national anthem
  4. D. The Indian national song

Answer: B. The Indian national flag

Explanation: Pingali Venkayya designed a flag that strongly influenced the tricolour eventually adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 July 1947. His pioneering work on nationalist flag designs helped express aspirations for unity and independence.

Q119. Who initiated the Bhoodan Movement?

[CISF Head Constable Ministerial (30 July 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  2. B. Mahatma Gandhi
  3. C. Vinoba Bhave
  4. D. Lal Bahadur Shastri

Answer: C. Vinoba Bhave

Explanation: Vinoba Bhave launched Bhoodan at Pochampally in 1951 to encourage landowners to give land voluntarily to landless villagers. The campaign pursued social justice through peaceful persuasion rather than compulsory confiscation, reflecting Gandhian Sarvodaya ideals.

Q118. Who became the first non-European Nobel laureate in literature in 1913 for Gitanjali?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (24 July 2023, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Rabindranath Tagore
  2. B. Dwarkanath Tagore
  3. C. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
  4. D. Abanindranath Tagore

Answer: A. Rabindranath Tagore

Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, especially for the English translations of Gitanjali. He was a poet, songwriter and educator who also challenged colonial injustice and narrow forms of nationalism.

Q117. Which Congress session was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji?

[SSC Selection Post Matric Level (30 June 2023, Shift 4)]

  1. A. Calcutta, 1886
  2. B. Madras, 1887
  3. C. Bombay, 1889
  4. D. Allahabad, 1892

Answer: A. Calcutta, 1886

Explanation: Naoroji served as Congress president for the first time at Calcutta in 1886. He later chaired the 1893 Lahore and 1906 Calcutta sessions, becoming a respected bridge between differing strands of early Indian nationalism.

Q116. Which freedom fighter is known as the Mother of the Indian Revolution?

[SSC MTS 2022 Exam (16 June 2023, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Sarojini Naidu
  2. B. Annie Besant
  3. C. Bhikaji Cama
  4. D. Aruna Asaf Ali

Answer: C. Bhikaji Cama

Explanation: Bhikaji Cama promoted Indian independence while living abroad and displayed an early nationalist flag at Stuttgart in 1907. Her anti-colonial activism and assistance to expatriate nationalists brought her recognition as a pioneering revolutionary woman.

Q115. Which freedom fighter is popularly called the Mother of the Indian Revolution?

[SSC MTS (16 June 2023, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Sarojini Naidu
  2. B. Annie Besant
  3. C. Madam Bhikaji Cama
  4. D. Aruna Asaf Ali

Answer: C. Madam Bhikaji Cama

Explanation: Madam Bhikaji Cama was an expatriate nationalist who advocated Indian independence abroad. She unfurled an early nationalist flag at Stuttgart in 1907 and used international meetings and publications to draw attention to India’s colonial subjugation.

Q114. In which year did Rabindranath Tagore begin his school at Santiniketan?

[SSC MTS (14 June 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. 1905
  2. B. 1901
  3. C. 1903
  4. D. 1899

Answer: B. 1901

Explanation: Tagore established an experimental school at Santiniketan in 1901, emphasizing education in nature, creativity and a broad humanist outlook. The institution later developed into Visva-Bharati University.

Q113. Consider: I. Vallabhbhai Patel led the Bardoli peasant movement in 1918. II. Gandhi began the Civil Disobedience Movement in March 1930. Which statement is correct?

[TGPSC Assistant Executive Engineer Paper I (22 May 2023)]

  1. A. Only II
  2. B. Only I
  3. C. Both I and II
  4. D. Neither I nor II

Answer: A. Only II

Explanation: Statement I is inaccurate because Bardoli Satyagraha occurred in 1928; Patel’s major 1918 agrarian involvement was at Kheda. Statement II is correct: Gandhi initiated the Civil Disobedience Movement with the Salt March in March 1930.

Q112. Who led the Bardoli Satyagraha?

[PSSSB Excise Inspector (21 May 2023)]

  1. A. Rajendra Prasad
  2. B. Mahatma Gandhi
  3. C. Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. Morarji Desai

Answer: C. Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Vallabhbhai Patel led the Bardoli peasant agitation in Gujarat in 1928 against an enhanced land-revenue demand. Disciplined non-payment and grassroots organization helped secure a settlement, and the success strengthened Patel’s standing as Sardar.

Q111. What title was associated with the poet and freedom fighter Sarojini Naidu?

[SSC MTS 2022 Exam (12 May 2023, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Nightingale of India
  2. B. Kite of India
  3. C. Sparrow of India
  4. D. Hornbill of India

Answer: A. Nightingale of India

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu earned the title Nightingale of India for the lyrical, musical qualities of her poetry. She also played an active role in mass politics and became the first Indian woman to chair the Congress in 1925.

Q110. Rabindranath Tagore’s Galpaguchchha is a collection of which literary form?

[SSC MTS (8 May 2023, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Devotional songs
  2. B. English couplets
  3. C. Short stories
  4. D. Poems

Answer: C. Short stories

Explanation: Galpaguchchha is a well-known collection of short stories written by Rabindranath Tagore. Through his fiction, Tagore examined family relationships, gender, village life and social inequalities, contributing significantly to the development of the modern Bengali short story.

Q109. After taking charge of the INA, did Bose recruit Indian prisoners of war and create a Rani of Jhansi women’s unit?

[UPSC CDS-I General Knowledge (16 April 2023)]

  1. A. Statement 1 only
  2. B. Statement 2 only
  3. C. Both statements
  4. D. Neither statement

Answer: C. Both statements

Explanation: Both developments formed part of Bose’s reconstruction of the Indian National Army in 1943. He mobilized Indian prisoners captured in Southeast Asia and organized a women’s regiment named after Rani Lakshmibai, commanded by Lakshmi Sahgal.

Q108. In Jayaprakash Narayan’s Sarvodaya framework, which daan follows Bhoodan, Gramdan and Sampattidan?

[MH SET Political Science Paper II (26 March 2023)]

  1. A. Grahadan
  2. B. Jeevandaan
  3. C. Putradaan
  4. D. Kanyadaan

Answer: B. Jeevandaan

Explanation: Jeevandaan means the dedication of one’s life to public service and the ideals of Sarvodaya. The concept extends beyond donating land, a village or property, expressing the movement’s emphasis on personal commitment and voluntary social transformation.

Q107. Which facts about the February 1946 naval revolt are correct: Talwar ratings struck; poor food and racism were causes; Bombay stayed quiet; troops intervened; Karachi saw protest?

[UGC NET History (28 February 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. First two only
  2. B. First, second and third
  3. C. First, second and fourth
  4. D. First, second, fourth and fifth

Answer: D. First, second, fourth and fifth

Explanation: The revolt began at HMIS Talwar in Bombay on 18 February 1946. Ratings protested discriminatory treatment and conditions, while support spread to civilians and other ports, including Karachi. Bombay was not silent during the agitation.

Q106. Which association was created by Surendranath Banerjee in 1876?

[Rajasthan Third Grade Teacher Social Science (26 February 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Indian Association
  2. B. British Indian Association
  3. C. Calcutta Native Association
  4. D. Bombay Association

Answer: A. Indian Association

Explanation: The Indian Association was founded in Calcutta by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876. Its political meetings and constitutional demands contributed to the development of an organized nationalist public sphere.

Q105. At which Congress session did Dadabhai Naoroji first become president?

[MP Excise Constable (25 February 2023, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Bombay 1885
  2. B. Madras 1887
  3. C. Calcutta 1886
  4. D. Lahore 1893

Answer: C. Calcutta 1886

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji presided over the second Indian National Congress session, held at Calcutta in December 1886. He later led the 1893 and 1906 sessions, helping articulate demands for representation and self-government.

Q104. From which place did Vinoba Bhave begin the Individual Satyagraha in 1940?

[68th BPSC Combined Competitive Preliminary Examination (12 February 2023)]

  1. A. Punnapra–Vayalar, Kerala
  2. B. Nadiad, Gujarat
  3. C. Pavnar, Maharashtra
  4. D. More than one of the above
  5. E. None of the above

Answer: C. Pavnar, Maharashtra

Explanation: Gandhi selected Acharya Vinoba Bhave as the first Individual Satyagrahi in 1940. Vinoba began the campaign at Pavnar in present-day Maharashtra, expressing opposition to India’s involvement in the Second World War without its consent.

Q103. On which date in August 2022 was Tiranga Utsav organized to mark Pingali Venkayya’s contribution?

[SSC GD Constable 2022 Exam (9 February 2023, Shift 2)]

  1. A. 1 August
  2. B. 9 August
  3. C. 2 August
  4. D. 5 August

Answer: C. 2 August

Explanation: The Ministry of Culture organized Tiranga Utsav on 2 August 2022, commemorating the birth anniversary of Pingali Venkayya. He prepared influential nationalist flag designs before the present flag was adopted in July 1947.

Q102. Why did Jinnah, Malaviya and Mazhar-ul-Haq resign from the Imperial Legislative Council?

[SSC GD Constable 2022 Exam (27 January 2023, Shift 3)]

  1. A. To protest against the Rowlatt Act
  2. B. To support the Simon Commission
  3. C. To support the Rowlatt Act
  4. D. To protest against the Simon Commission

Answer: A. To protest against the Rowlatt Act

Explanation: The 1919 Rowlatt legislation permitted severe restrictions on civil liberties and detention without ordinary trial safeguards. Nationalist lawmakers including Malaviya opposed the measure as an affront to constitutional rights.

Q101. Who originally composed the Indian national anthem in Bengali?

[CTET Paper II Social Science (12 January 2023)]

  1. A. Rabindranath Tagore
  2. B. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
  3. C. Sarojini Naidu
  4. D. Subhas Chandra Bose

Answer: A. Rabindranath Tagore

Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore wrote Jana Gana Mana, first publicly sung at a Congress gathering in 1911. The Constituent Assembly adopted its first stanza as the national anthem on 24 January 1950.

Q100. Under which pair of leaders did the Kheda peasant movement take place?

[Rajasthan CET Graduate Level (7 January 2023, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel
  2. B. Vallabhbhai Patel and Vasudev Balwant Phadke
  3. C. Mahatma Gandhi and Vijay Singh Pathik
  4. D. Sitaram Das and Vijay Singh Pathik

Answer: A. Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel provided major leadership to the 1918 Kheda campaign in Gujarat. Farmers sought remission of land revenue after crop failure. The protest became an important early example of Gandhian civil resistance in India.

Q99. As a representative of which British political party did Dadabhai Naoroji enter the House of Commons?

[WBCS Executive Prelims 2023]

  1. A. Conservative Party
  2. B. Liberal Party
  3. C. Labour Party
  4. D. Labour–Liberal coalition

Answer: B. Liberal Party

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji was elected as a Liberal MP for Central Finsbury in 1892. His parliamentary service provided a platform for explaining Indian grievances and challenging exploitative economic policies of British imperial rule.

Q98. At which location was the Azad Hind Fauj, also called the Indian National Army, formed?

[UPSC EPFO Enforcement Officer/Accounts Officer (2023)]

  1. A. Singapore
  2. B. Tokyo
  3. C. Berlin
  4. D. Rangoon

Answer: A. Singapore

Explanation: The first Indian National Army took shape in Singapore in 1942 under Mohan Singh, drawing on Indian prisoners of war in Southeast Asia. Subhas Chandra Bose later reorganized and led the force in pursuit of independence.

Q97. Sarojini Naidu became the first woman governor of which Indian state?

[MP ITI Training Officer Electrician (21 December 2022, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Madhya Pradesh
  2. B. Uttar Pradesh
  3. C. Tamil Nadu
  4. D. West Bengal

Answer: B. Uttar Pradesh

Explanation: After independence in 1947, Sarojini Naidu was appointed governor of the United Provinces, subsequently named Uttar Pradesh. Earlier she had been a poet, women’s rights advocate and Congress leader, becoming the first Indian woman to preside over a Congress session.

Q96. Which freedom-era figure disliked oppressive, rigid schooling during childhood?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (13 December 2022, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Mahatma Gandhi
  2. B. Jawaharlal Nehru
  3. C. Jyotiba Phule
  4. D. Rabindranath Tagore

Answer: D. Rabindranath Tagore

Explanation: Tagore remembered conventional schooling as confining and uninspiring. His educational experiments at Santiniketan emphasized freedom, nature, creativity and learning through arts as alternatives to rigid classroom instruction.

Q95. Who founded Visva-Bharati University?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (8 December 2022, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Madan Mohan Malaviya
  2. B. Lala Har Dayal
  3. C. Swami Vivekananda
  4. D. Rabindranath Tagore

Answer: D. Rabindranath Tagore

Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore established Visva-Bharati at Santiniketan in 1921. He envisioned a place for dialogue between Indian and international intellectual traditions, rooted in creative education and a universal humanist outlook.

Q94. In which movement did Sarojini Naidu encourage Gandhi to include women?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (8 December 2022, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Quit India Movement
  2. B. Champaran Satyagraha
  3. C. Salt Satyagraha
  4. D. Non-Cooperation Movement

Answer: C. Salt Satyagraha

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu argued for the participation of women in the Salt Satyagraha of 1930. She subsequently helped lead the Dharasana campaign after Gandhi’s arrest, strengthening women’s visibility in mass civil disobedience.

Q93. Which book by Naoroji criticized the economic effects of British colonial rule?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (3 December 2022, Shift 3)]

  1. A. India Today
  2. B. The Idea of India
  3. C. Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
  4. D. The History of British India

Answer: C. Poverty and Un-British Rule in India

Explanation: Naoroji’s book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India presented his drain-of-wealth argument. Drawing on official data and other evidence, he criticized the transfer of Indian resources to Britain without adequate return.

Q92. Which profession also describes Dadabhai Naoroji, the prominent early nationalist?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (2 December 2022, Shift 4)]

  1. A. Businessman
  2. B. Doctor
  3. C. Soldier
  4. D. British army officer

Answer: A. Businessman

Explanation: Naoroji worked in commerce as well as journalism, education and politics. He became the first Indian elected to the British House of Commons and was an important early critic of colonial economic extraction.

Q91. On what date did the Royal Indian Navy mutiny begin in Bombay?

[Punjab and Haryana High Court Clerk (22 November 2022, Shift 3)]

  1. A. 6 August 1946
  2. B. 18 February 1946
  3. C. 30 December 1946
  4. D. 29 April 1946

Answer: B. 18 February 1946

Explanation: The revolt began on 18 February 1946 when ratings associated with HMIS Talwar protested poor food, racial discrimination and service conditions. It spread rapidly and reflected broader political turbulence in the armed forces.

Q90. Which university was founded by nationalist educationist Madan Mohan Malaviya?

[SSC CPO Tier-I (10 November 2022, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Delhi University
  2. B. Panjab University
  3. C. Sambalpur University
  4. D. Banaras Hindu University

Answer: D. Banaras Hindu University

Explanation: Banaras Hindu University was established in 1916 through the initiative of Madan Mohan Malaviya and other supporters. Malaviya also participated in Congress politics, journalism and campaigns for educational advancement.

Q89. Which institution is most closely associated with Madan Mohan Malaviya?

[SSC CPO Tier-I (9 November 2022, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Banaras Hindu University
  2. B. Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College
  3. C. Fort William College
  4. D. Hindu College

Answer: A. Banaras Hindu University

Explanation: Malaviya was central to the creation of Banaras Hindu University in 1916. The university formed part of his vision for a modern educational institution informed by Indian intellectual traditions and public service.

Q88. Who wrote the poetry collection The Golden Threshold?

[OSSC CGL (19 October 2022, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Annie Besant
  2. B. Rabindranath Tagore
  3. C. Jayaprakash Narayan
  4. D. Sarojini Naidu

Answer: D. Sarojini Naidu

Explanation: The Golden Threshold, published in 1905, was Sarojini Naidu’s first poetry collection. Its lyrical depictions of Indian life helped establish her literary reputation. Naidu also became a leading nationalist and the first Indian woman president of Congress.

Q87. Who founded the Forward Bloc?

[UPSSSC PET (16 October 2022, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Mahatma Gandhi
  2. B. Subhas Chandra Bose
  3. C. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. D. None of these

Answer: B. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose formed the Forward Bloc in 1939, following the dispute over his Congress presidency. The organization aimed to unite radical and left-wing Indian nationalists around the cause of complete political independence.

Q86. Which INA-related statements are correct? (A) Rash Behari Bose helped organize its base; (B) Mohan Singh had been a British Indian Army officer; (C) Subhas Bose reorganized the INA; (D) Bose set up the Azad Hind government; (E) captured INA members were charged with waging war against the King.

[UGC NET History Paper II (10 October 2022, Shift 1)]

  1. A. A, B, C, D and E
  2. B. A, B, C and D only
  3. C. A, B and C only
  4. D. A, B and D only

Answer: A. A, B, C, D and E

Explanation: All five statements reflect the INA’s wartime history. Mohan Singh led its early formation; Rash Behari Bose supported its organization; Subhas Bose revived the force and proclaimed Azad Hind. After the war, British authorities prosecuted INA personnel for military offences.

Q85. What did Subhas Chandra Bose call Nicobar Island after taking over the islands in 1943?

[67th BPSC Prelims Re-exam (30 September 2022)]

  1. A. Shaheed Island
  2. B. Balidan Island
  3. C. Navodaya Island
  4. D. Swaraj Island
  5. E. None or more than one

Answer: D. Swaraj Island

Explanation: Bose designated Andaman as Shaheed and Nicobar as Swaraj while the islands were under Japanese control. The naming symbolized the claimed liberation of Indian territory by the Provisional Government of Azad Hind.

Q84. Where was Jawaharlal Nehru born?

[RRB Group D (28 September 2022, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Delhi
  2. B. Srinagar
  3. C. Lucknow
  4. D. Allahabad

Answer: D. Allahabad

Explanation: Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 at Allahabad, now Prayagraj. He later studied in Britain, joined the independence movement and became an important Congress leader before serving as independent India’s first Prime Minister.

Q83. Under which Prime Minister did India launch its Third Five-Year Plan?

[RRB Group D (9 September 2022, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Lal Bahadur Shastri
  2. B. Jawaharlal Nehru
  3. C. Gulzarilal Nanda
  4. D. Morarji Desai

Answer: B. Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation: The Third Five-Year Plan began in 1961 while Nehru was Prime Minister. Although the plan continued after his death in 1964, its original priorities included agriculture, economic self-reliance and industrial growth.

Q82. In which year did Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose set up the Indian Association?

[RRB Group D (6 September 2022, Shift 2)]

  1. A. 1876
  2. B. 1906
  3. C. 1896
  4. D. 1916

Answer: A. 1876

Explanation: Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose established the Indian Association in Calcutta in 1876. It became an early platform for political meetings, civil-service reform demands and wider organization among Indian nationalists.

Q81. Which law did Nehru condemn as a new charter of slavery?

[RRB Group D (5 September 2022, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Government of India Act 1935
  2. B. Charter Act 1853
  3. C. Rowlatt Act
  4. D. Government of India Act 1919

Answer: A. Government of India Act 1935

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru criticized the Government of India Act of 1935 because significant authority remained with British officials despite promises of constitutional reform. Its proposed federation and provincial autonomy fell far short of Congress demands.

Q80. Who was known as the Grand Old Man of India?

[UPSSSC PET Exam (2022)]

  1. A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  2. B. Dadabhai Naoroji
  3. C. Surendranath Banerjee
  4. D. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Answer: B. Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji was popularly called the Grand Old Man of India for his long leadership of early nationalism. His drain-of-wealth analysis and work in the British Parliament helped expose exploitative colonial economic policies.

Q79. Who was the first Indian woman to preside over the Indian National Congress?

[SSC MTS (11 July 2022, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Sarojini Naidu
  2. B. Aruna Asaf Ali
  3. C. Sucheta Kripalani
  4. D. Ashalata Sen

Answer: A. Sarojini Naidu

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu chaired the Kanpur session of the Congress in 1925. Annie Besant had been the first woman Congress president in 1917, but Naidu was the first Indian woman to hold the position.

Q78. In which year did the Azad Hind Radio service commence?

[RRB NTPC CBT-II Level 3 (17 June 2022, Shift 3)]

  1. A. 1942
  2. B. 1940
  3. C. 1939
  4. D. 1938

Answer: A. 1942

Explanation: Bose established Azad Hind Radio in Germany in 1942 as part of efforts to communicate nationalist messages during World War II. Its multilingual broadcasts addressed Indians abroad and at home, urging resistance to British rule.

Q77. What is the name of Surendranath Banerjee’s autobiography?

[SSC CHSL 2021 Exam (31 May 2022, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Hind Swaraj
  2. B. A Nation in the Making
  3. C. Young India
  4. D. Hints for Self Culture

Answer: B. A Nation in the Making

Explanation: A Nation in the Making is Banerjee’s autobiographical account of his involvement in early Indian political activism. The book records his development as a moderate nationalist and his work in public organizations and constitutional agitation.

Q76. Who founded the Servants of India Society in 1905?

[67th BPSC Prelims (8 May 2022)]

  1. A. Surendranath Banerjee
  2. B. Bipin Chandra Pal
  3. C. Mahadev Govind Ranade
  4. D. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  5. E. None or more than one

Answer: D. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation: The Servants of India Society was founded in Poona in 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. It sought to train public-spirited workers and improve education, social conditions and civic life through peaceful reform.

Q75. Who established the Indian Association in 1876?

[67th BPSC Prelims (8 May 2022)]

  1. A. Surendranath Banerjee
  2. B. Chittaranjan Das
  3. C. W. C. Bonnerjee
  4. D. More than one
  5. E. None of these

Answer: A. Surendranath Banerjee

Explanation: Surendranath Banerjee co-founded the Indian Association with Ananda Mohan Bose in Calcutta. It promoted political participation and became an influential precursor to the Indian National Congress, formed nine years later.

Q74. In which city did Bose proclaim the Provisional Government of Free India in October 1943?

[SSC CGL 2021 Tier-I (13 April 2022, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Singapore
  2. B. Russia
  3. C. Japan
  4. D. Germany

Answer: A. Singapore

Explanation: Bose announced the Azad Hind provisional government in Singapore on 21 October 1943. Supported by wartime Japanese allies, it sought international recognition while the INA campaigned to remove British rule from India.

Q73. Who wrote the book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (11 April 2022, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Shashi Tharoor
  2. B. Jairam Ramesh
  3. C. Annie Besant
  4. D. Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer: D. Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji published Poverty and Un-British Rule in India in 1901. The work provided a sustained economic critique of colonial exploitation and became central to the nationalist drain-of-wealth argument.

Q72. Who founded Banaras Hindu University?

[DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant (4 April 2022, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. B. Madan Mohan Malaviya
  3. C. Rajendra Prasad
  4. D. Motilal Nehru

Answer: B. Madan Mohan Malaviya

Explanation: Madan Mohan Malaviya was a principal founder of Banaras Hindu University, inaugurated in 1916 with support from other educational and social leaders. He envisioned an institution that combined modern scholarship with Indian cultural and intellectual traditions.

Q71. Who created the flag design on which India’s national tricolour was based?

[DSSSB Primary Teacher (27 March 2022, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Pingali Venkayya
  2. B. Subramania Siva
  3. C. Mahatma Gandhi
  4. D. B. R. Ambedkar

Answer: A. Pingali Venkayya

Explanation: Pingali Venkayya presented nationalist flag ideas to Gandhi in the early 1920s. His work influenced later tricolour designs, although the final official flag adopted in 1947 included the navy-blue Ashoka Chakra.

Q70. Which statement correctly describes the Champaran and Bardoli satyagrahas as movements for farmers’ rights?

[DSSSB NDMC Primary Teacher (23 March 2022, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Neither was a farmers’ rights movement
  2. B. Only Champaran was a farmers’ rights movement
  3. C. Both were farmers’ rights movements
  4. D. Only Bardoli was a farmers’ rights movement

Answer: C. Both were farmers’ rights movements

Explanation: Champaran in 1917 challenged the exploitation of indigo cultivators in Bihar, whereas Bardoli in 1928 opposed an increase in Gujarat’s land revenue. Both mobilized cultivators through nonviolent resistance, though they arose from different local grievances.

Q69. From which present-day state did Vinoba Bhave’s Bhoodan Movement begin?

[MPTET memory-based paper (21 March 2022)]

  1. A. Telangana
  2. B. Karnataka
  3. C. Maharashtra
  4. D. Uttar Pradesh

Answer: A. Telangana

Explanation: Vinoba Bhave began Bhoodan at Pochampally, now in Telangana, in 1951. His nonviolent land-gift campaign encouraged voluntary contributions from landholders for families without agricultural property.

Q68. Naoroji described the wealth being drained from India as which lost economic resource?

[MPSC Group B Prelims 2021 Exam (26 February 2022)]

  1. A. Handicraft production
  2. B. Indian currency
  3. C. All cotton production
  4. D. Potential surplus

Answer: D. Potential surplus

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji argued that colonial transfers removed potential surplus that India could otherwise invest in domestic industry and development. The drain theory linked economic underdevelopment directly to political subordination and imperial financial structures.

Q67. In which year did INA forces attempt to enter India through Imphal and Kohima?

[UPPCL Junior Engineer Civil (21 February 2022, Evening)]

  1. A. 1943
  2. B. 1945
  3. C. 1946
  4. D. 1944

Answer: D. 1944

Explanation: INA forces took part alongside Japanese troops in the 1944 offensive toward Imphal and Kohima. The campaign ultimately failed, but it represented the principal attempt to enter British-controlled Indian territory by Bose’s army.

Q66. What did Tagore describe as the widest road toward solving social problems?

[Kerala SET Paper I (9 January 2022)]

  1. A. Pedagogy alone
  2. B. Teachers alone
  3. C. Society alone
  4. D. Education

Answer: D. Education

Explanation: Tagore regarded education as a means of individual and social transformation. He advocated holistic learning, cultivating intellectual, physical and artistic capacities in harmony with nature and community life.

Q65. Which educational ideas did Tagore support: creative learning in nature; importance of art, music and dance; rejection of all Western technology?

[CTET Paper II Social Science (6 January 2022)]

  1. A. First and second only
  2. B. First and third only
  3. C. Second and third only
  4. D. All three

Answer: A. First and second only

Explanation: Tagore emphasized learning in a natural environment and encouraged arts, music, dance and creative expression. His educational philosophy sought broad human development rather than a blanket rejection of all Western thought or technology.

Q64. Where did Bose establish the Provisional Government of Free India in 1943?

[West Bengal Police SI Prelims (5 December 2021)]

  1. A. Berlin
  2. B. Rangoon
  3. C. Bangkok
  4. D. Singapore

Answer: D. Singapore

Explanation: On 21 October 1943 Bose announced the Azad Hind government at Singapore. It claimed to represent independent India and was linked to the reorganized Indian National Army, which fought against British forces in Southeast Asia.

Q63. Match the Congress session places to their years: Meerut, Kanpur, Lucknow and Banaras.

[UPPSC RO/ARO General Studies (5 December 2021)]

  1. A. Meerut 1916; Kanpur 1925; Lucknow 1946; Banaras 1905
  2. B. Meerut 1946; Kanpur 1916; Lucknow 1905; Banaras 1925
  3. C. Meerut 1946; Kanpur 1925; Lucknow 1916; Banaras 1905
  4. D. Meerut 1905; Kanpur 1946; Lucknow 1925; Banaras 1916

Answer: C. Meerut 1946; Kanpur 1925; Lucknow 1916; Banaras 1905

Explanation: Meerut hosted the 1946 Congress session, Kanpur hosted the 1925 session presided over by Sarojini Naidu, Lucknow hosted the 1916 session and Banaras hosted the 1905 session chaired by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Q62. Assertion: Naoroji organized the East India Association in London in 1866. Reason: He wished to influence British public opinion.

[UPPSC RO/ARO General Studies (5 December 2021)]

  1. A. Assertion true, reason false
  2. B. Assertion false, reason true
  3. C. Both true, and reason correctly explains assertion
  4. D. Both true, but reason does not explain assertion

Answer: C. Both true, and reason correctly explains assertion

Explanation: Both statements are true. Dadabhai Naoroji founded the East India Association in London to communicate Indian grievances to British audiences. Its advocacy helped bring questions of representative government and colonial economic policy into British public debate.

Q61. Which building hosted major Indian National Army trials in 1945?

[AP High Court Assistant Examiner (28 November 2021, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Birla House
  2. B. Red Fort
  3. C. Kolkata Town Hall
  4. D. Golconda Fort

Answer: B. Red Fort

Explanation: The first prominent INA court-martial began at Delhi’s Red Fort in November 1945. The prosecution of Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Sahgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon generated widespread sympathy and protests throughout India.

Q60. In which year did Subhas Chandra Bose escape from British surveillance?

[SSC GD Constable (24 November 2021, Shift 2)]

  1. A. 1941
  2. B. 1939
  3. C. 1932
  4. D. 1945

Answer: A. 1941

Explanation: Bose secretly left his Calcutta home in January 1941 while under British watch. After travelling through Afghanistan and beyond, he sought foreign support for India’s independence and later moved to Southeast Asia.

Q59. Which movement began at Pochampally in 1951 under Vinoba Bhave?

[UP Police SI (15 November 2021, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Bhoodan Movement
  2. B. Sarvodaya Movement
  3. C. Gram Swarajya
  4. D. Khilafat Movement

Answer: A. Bhoodan Movement

Explanation: Bhoodan was a voluntary land-gift campaign initiated by Vinoba Bhave in 1951. It grew from a request for land at Pochampally and became an experiment in nonviolent redistribution inspired by Gandhian Sarvodaya.

Q58. Which foreign journalist reported on the police attack during the Dharasana Salt Satyagraha?

[UPPSC PCS General Studies I (24 October 2021)]

  1. A. Francis Louis
  2. B. Mark Tully
  3. C. Webb Miller
  4. D. Philip Spratt

Answer: C. Webb Miller

Explanation: American journalist Webb Miller described British police violence against nonviolent volunteers during the Dharasana Salt Satyagraha in May 1930. After Gandhi’s arrest, Sarojini Naidu helped lead the campaign, and Miller’s report generated international attention.

Q57. Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sahgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon are remembered as what?

[UPSC Civil Services Prelims GS-I (10 October 2021)]

  1. A. Leaders of the Swadeshi movement
  2. B. 1946 interim ministers
  3. C. Constituent Assembly Drafting Committee members
  4. D. Officers of the Indian National Army

Answer: D. Officers of the Indian National Army

Explanation: The three men served as senior INA officers and became famous defendants in the first Red Fort trial of 1945. Their prosecution triggered broad nationalist sympathy across political divisions, becoming a powerful late-colonial protest issue.

Q56. Who among the following was known as the Grand Old Man of India?

[UPSSSC PET (24 August 2021, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Dadabhai Naoroji
  2. B. W. C. Bonnerjee
  3. C. Pherozeshah Mehta
  4. D. Surendranath Banerjee

Answer: A. Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji earned the title Grand Old Man of India through his decades of nationalist service. He analysed the drain of Indian wealth, served as Congress president and became the first Indian elected to the British House of Commons.

Q55. Who helped lay the foundations of nationalism by organizing the Indian Association at Calcutta in 1876?

[SSC CGL 2020 Tier-I (16 August 2021, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Surendranath Banerjee
  2. B. Dadabhai Naoroji
  3. C. Aurobindo Ghose
  4. D. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee

Answer: A. Surendranath Banerjee

Explanation: Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose created the Indian Association to raise political awareness and build shared demands. Its meetings and campaigns helped prepare the emergence of an organized all-India nationalist movement.

Q54. Where was Subhas Chandra Bose born?

[SSC JE Civil (23 March 2021)]

  1. A. Raipur
  2. B. Calcutta
  3. C. Cuttack
  4. D. Darjeeling

Answer: C. Cuttack

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack, then part of the Bengal Presidency and now in Odisha. He later resigned from the Indian Civil Service and emerged as a prominent nationalist leader.

Q53. Which Indian woman accompanied Gandhi to the Second Round Table Conference in London?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I (11 March 2021, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Annie Besant
  2. B. Vijayalakshmi Pandit
  3. C. Sarojini Naidu
  4. D. Sister Nivedita

Answer: C. Sarojini Naidu

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu participated in the Second Round Table Conference in 1931, advocating nationalist and women’s concerns. Gandhi attended as the Congress representative following the Gandhi–Irwin Pact, though the negotiations did not settle India’s constitutional disputes.

Q52. Who was the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I (8 March 2021, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Vijayalakshmi Pandit
  2. B. Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
  3. C. Annie Besant
  4. D. Sarojini Naidu

Answer: D. Sarojini Naidu

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu chaired the Kanpur session of Congress in 1925, becoming its first Indian woman president. Annie Besant had become the first woman president in 1917, but she was British-born, making the distinction important.

Q51. Which satyagraha earned Vallabhbhai Patel the title Sardar?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I (4 March 2021, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Champaran
  2. B. Ahmedabad Mill Strike
  3. C. Kheda
  4. D. Bardoli

Answer: D. Bardoli

Explanation: The 1928 Bardoli Satyagraha in Gujarat opposed steep land-revenue assessment. Patel’s disciplined leadership helped obtain concessions from the colonial administration, and he gained the popular title Sardar.

Q50. Where were Gandhi and Sarojini Naidu detained during part of the Quit India Movement, 1942–44?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I (1 March 2021, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Birla House
  2. B. Sabarmati Ashram
  3. C. Raigad Fort
  4. D. Aga Khan Palace

Answer: D. Aga Khan Palace

Explanation: The Aga Khan Palace at Pune was used to detain Gandhi, Sarojini Naidu and other nationalist figures after the 1942 Quit India call. It also became associated with the deaths of Kasturba Gandhi and Mahadev Desai during captivity.

Q49. Who composed Vande Mataram, the national song later popularized during the freedom struggle?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I (22 February 2021, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
  2. B. Sri Aurobindo
  3. C. Rabindranath Tagore
  4. D. Sarojini Naidu

Answer: A. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Explanation: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote Vande Mataram, which appears in his novel Anandamath. It became a stirring nationalist song, especially during the Swadeshi movement. Rabindranath Tagore helped popularize its performance but did not compose the original text.

Q48. In which year did Dadabhai Naoroji become the first Indian elected to the British House of Commons?

[RRB NTPC CBT I (15 February 2021, Shift 1)]

  1. A. 1893
  2. B. 1891
  3. C. 1892
  4. D. 1896

Answer: C. 1892

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji won election as a Liberal Party candidate for Central Finsbury in 1892. His position in the House of Commons gave him a platform to raise Indian political and economic grievances before British lawmakers.

Q47. Against whom was the Indian National Army organized?

[ACC 124 ACT Examination (February 2021)]

  1. A. Germany and Japan
  2. B. British in India
  3. C. Japan
  4. D. Russia

Answer: B. British in India

Explanation: The INA was created to end British rule in India. It took shape in Southeast Asia during World War II and, under Bose, campaigned alongside Japan against British-led Allied forces.

Q46. Where were the historic INA trials held?

[CG Vyapam Mandi Sub-Inspector Official Paper (2021)]

  1. A. Red Fort, Delhi
  2. B. Victoria Memorial, Calcutta
  3. C. Red Fort, Agra
  4. D. Victoria Terminus, Bombay

Answer: A. Red Fort, Delhi

Explanation: The trials of INA personnel took place at Delhi’s Red Fort after World War II. Their defendants became nationalist symbols, and public responses showed growing unwillingness to accept the British prosecution of anti-colonial soldiers.

Q45. Which leaders chiefly inspired Bose to join the Indian National Congress?

[UPPSC GIC Lecturer Economics 2021]

  1. A. Nehru and Jayaprakash Narayan
  2. B. Rajendra Prasad and Rajagopalachari
  3. C. Rajagopalachari and Gandhi
  4. D. Chittaranjan Das and Gandhi

Answer: D. Chittaranjan Das and Gandhi

Explanation: Bose was deeply influenced by Gandhi’s national movement and especially by Chittaranjan Das, his political mentor in Bengal. Das provided opportunities for organizational work that shaped Bose’s early career in the Congress.

Q44. Where did Madam Cama display an Indian tricolour of freedom on foreign soil?

[BPSC 66th CCE Prelims (27 December 2020)]

  1. A. Paris
  2. B. London
  3. C. Stuttgart
  4. D. Geneva
  5. E. None of the above

Answer: C. Stuttgart

Explanation: At Stuttgart in Germany in 1907, Bhikaji Cama raised an early nationalist flag before an international political gathering. The flag was not identical to the tricolour adopted in 1947, but became a notable symbol of overseas anti-colonial activism.

Q43. In which present-day state did the Bhoodan Movement begin?

[MH SET History (27 December 2020)]

  1. A. Maharashtra
  2. B. Bihar
  3. C. West Bengal
  4. D. Telangana

Answer: D. Telangana

Explanation: Vinoba Bhave launched the Bhoodan land-gift initiative in 1951 at Pochampally, situated in present-day Telangana. Landowners were encouraged to donate land voluntarily to those without holdings, making land redistribution a Gandhian moral campaign.

Q42. Who initiated the Bhoodan Movement?

[SSC Stenographer (23 December 2020, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Vinoba Bhave
  2. B. Mahatma Gandhi
  3. C. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  4. D. Lala Lajpat Rai

Answer: A. Vinoba Bhave

Explanation: Vinoba Bhave launched the voluntary land-donation campaign at Pochampally in April 1951. His appeal to wealthy landholders was grounded in Gandhian moral persuasion and aimed to make farmland available to rural families without land.

Q41. In which German city did Bhikaji Cama raise an early Indian nationalist flag in 1907?

[Delhi Police Constable (14 December 2020, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Stuttgart
  2. B. Munich
  3. C. Berlin
  4. D. Bonn

Answer: A. Stuttgart

Explanation: Bhikaji Cama unfurled a flag symbolizing Indian independence at Stuttgart’s international socialist meeting in August 1907. This notable overseas nationalist demonstration predated the adoption of India’s official tricolour by forty years.

Q40. At which Congress session did Bose become president in 1938?

[Delhi Police Constable (3 December 2020, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Haripura
  2. B. Calcutta
  3. C. Delhi
  4. D. Lucknow

Answer: A. Haripura

Explanation: The 1938 Congress session met at Haripura in Gujarat and was presided over by Subhas Chandra Bose. He supported rapid political independence along with a strong programme of industrial and economic planning.

Q39. Naoroji was among the first in pre-independence India to discuss which economic concept?

[SSC CPO (25 November 2020, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Bread line
  2. B. Living wage
  3. C. Subsistence level
  4. D. Poverty line

Answer: D. Poverty line

Explanation: Naoroji attempted an early systematic estimate of minimum subsistence needs and a poverty line in colonial India. He linked mass poverty with the economic drain of resources caused by British administration and commerce.

Q38. Which Indian nationalist and educationist was popularly addressed as Mahamana?

[SSC JE Electrical (28 October 2020, Morning)]

  1. A. Madan Mohan Malaviya
  2. B. Surendranath Banerjee
  3. C. Motilal Nehru
  4. D. Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer: A. Madan Mohan Malaviya

Explanation: The honorific Mahamana is associated with Madan Mohan Malaviya, a nationalist leader and education reformer. He helped establish Banaras Hindu University in 1916 and contributed to the Congress and public education during the independence movement.

Q37. Who became president of the All India States People’s Conference in 1939?

[SSC CHSL (14 October 2020, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. B. Syama Prasad Mukherjee
  3. C. C. Rajagopalachari
  4. D. Vinoba Bhave

Answer: A. Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation: Nehru led the All India States People’s Conference from 1939, supporting democratic rights within princely states. The organization helped connect struggles against autocratic princely administrations with the broader freedom movement.

Q36. Who led the legal defence team in the first INA trials?

[UGC NET History (9 October 2020, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Bhulabhai Desai
  2. B. Jawaharlal Nehru
  3. C. Mahatma Gandhi
  4. D. Sardar Patel

Answer: A. Bhulabhai Desai

Explanation: Bhulabhai Desai was the chief advocate for the INA officers tried at the Red Fort. Other prominent nationalist lawyers participated in the defence effort, and the trials stimulated widespread public protest and solidarity.

Q35. At which Congress session did Naoroji declare Swaraj a goal of the organization?

[Allahabad High Court ARO 2019 Exam (24 February 2020)]

  1. A. Calcutta
  2. B. Lahore
  3. C. Bombay
  4. D. Surat

Answer: A. Calcutta

Explanation: The 1906 Calcutta Congress session, led by Dadabhai Naoroji, endorsed self-government alongside Swadeshi, boycott and national education. His presidency helped hold moderate and assertive nationalists together amid rising tensions.

Q34. Who did NOT participate in the Second Round Table Conference of 1931?

[UPPSC PCS General Studies I 2020]

  1. A. Mahatma Gandhi
  2. B. Sarojini Naidu
  3. C. Madan Mohan Malaviya
  4. D. Rajendra Prasad

Answer: D. Rajendra Prasad

Explanation: Rajendra Prasad did not attend the Second Round Table Conference. Gandhi went as the official Congress representative, while Sarojini Naidu and Madan Mohan Malaviya were among the other Indian participants in London.

Q33. In which year did Bose become President of the All India Youth Congress and secretary of Bengal Provincial Congress?

[Telangana High Court Junior Assistant (6 November 2019)]

  1. A. 1905
  2. B. 1923
  3. C. 1899
  4. D. 1926

Answer: B. 1923

Explanation: By 1923, Bose had established himself within nationalist youth politics in Bengal. He developed organizational experience alongside other Bengal Congress leaders before becoming mayor of Calcutta and subsequently president of the Indian National Congress.

Q32. Who was the first Deputy Prime Minister of India?

[IBPS RRB Officer Scale I Mains (13 October 2019, memory-based)]

  1. A. L. K. Advani
  2. B. Vallabhbhai Patel
  3. C. Y. B. Chavan
  4. D. Morarji Desai
  5. E. None of these

Answer: B. Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation: Vallabhbhai Patel served as India’s first Deputy Prime Minister after independence in August 1947 and also held the Home portfolio. He was influential in merging princely states into the Indian Union.

Q31. What later national significance did Tagore’s song Amar Sonar Bangla acquire?

[UPSSSC Chakbandi Lekhpal (1 October 2019, Shift 2)]

  1. A. It was his first poem
  2. B. It became Bangladesh’s national anthem
  3. C. It earned him a Nobel Prize
  4. D. It was a Santiniketan school prayer

Answer: B. It became Bangladesh’s national anthem

Explanation: Tagore wrote Amar Sonar Bangla during opposition to Bengal’s partition in 1905. The song later became the national anthem of Bangladesh, demonstrating the far-reaching cultural significance of his music.

Q30. Which nationalist is associated with the Azad Hind Fauj campaign against British rule?

[SSC MTS (20 August 2019, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Subhas Chandra Bose
  2. B. V. D. Savarkar
  3. C. Bhagat Singh
  4. D. Chandrashekhar Azad

Answer: A. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Bose rebuilt and led the Indian National Army in Southeast Asia in 1943. The army had first been formed with Indian prisoners of war under Mohan Singh in 1942, before Bose made it the military arm of Azad Hind.

Q29. Who was the first woman Governor of an Indian state?

[SSC CHSL (9 July 2019, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Sarojini Naidu
  2. B. Vijayalakshmi Pandit
  3. C. Aruna Asaf Ali
  4. D. Krishna Hutheesing

Answer: A. Sarojini Naidu

Explanation: After independence, Sarojini Naidu served as Governor of the United Provinces, now Uttar Pradesh. She had earlier achieved a milestone in politics by becoming the first Indian woman Congress president in 1925.

Q28. Why is Pingali Venkayya remembered?

[SSC CHSL (3 July 2019, Shift 1)]

  1. A. For annexation of Hyderabad
  2. B. For annexation of Goa
  3. C. For a design inspiring India’s national flag
  4. D. For composing the national anthem

Answer: C. For a design inspiring India’s national flag

Explanation: Pingali Venkayya proposed designs for an Indian nationalist flag during the freedom struggle. His work influenced the evolving tricolour tradition, although the flag adopted by the Constituent Assembly in 1947 incorporated the Ashoka Chakra.

Q27. Which body was founded in Bengal in 1876 by Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose?

[SSC CGL (13 June 2019, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Tathagat Association
  2. B. Indian Association
  3. C. Oriental Association
  4. D. Bengal Association

Answer: B. Indian Association

Explanation: The Indian Association was established in Calcutta as an early nationalist political body. It campaigned for Indian participation in administration, civil-service reforms and national political unity before the Congress was founded.

Q26. Azad Hind Fauj was also known by which name?

[RPF Constable 2018 Exam (8 February 2019, Shift 2)]

  1. A. East India Association
  2. B. Indian National Army
  3. C. Indian National Congress
  4. D. Theosophical Society

Answer: B. Indian National Army

Explanation: The Azad Hind Fauj is the Indian National Army, initially assembled from Indian prisoners of war under Mohan Singh and subsequently led by Bose. It fought in the Burma and northeastern India campaigns during World War II.

Q25. Who was known by the title World Kavi?

[RPF Constable 2018 Exam (24 January 2019, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Rabindranath Tagore
  2. B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  3. C. Subramania Bharati
  4. D. V. O. Chidambaram Pillai

Answer: A. Rabindranath Tagore

Explanation: The title World Kavi honours the international stature of Rabindranath Tagore. A Nobel-winning writer, composer and educator, he developed a humanist vision while also engaging critically with the freedom movement and nationalism.

Q24. For which work is Tagore particularly associated with the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature?

[RPF Constable (24 January 2019, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Kuyle Plu
  2. B. National Songs
  3. C. Gitanjali
  4. D. Amar Sonar Bangla

Answer: C. Gitanjali

Explanation: Gitanjali, translated into English as Song Offerings, earned Tagore international acclaim and led to his Nobel Prize in 1913. Its poems explore devotion, humanity, nature and spiritual experience.

Q23. Which Indian among these received the Nobel Prize in Literature?

[Allahabad High Court Group C (20 January 2019)]

  1. A. Rabindranath Tagore
  2. B. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
  3. C. Mahatma Gandhi
  4. D. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Answer: A. Rabindranath Tagore

Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore became the first Asian Nobel laureate in literature in 1913. His literary work, especially Gitanjali, earned international recognition while his broader legacy includes music, education and public opposition to colonial injustice.

Q22. In which year did the famous Indian National Army trials commence at Delhi’s Red Fort?

[WBCS Prelims 2019 Official Paper]

  1. A. 1945
  2. B. 1946
  3. C. 1947
  4. D. 1948

Answer: A. 1945

Explanation: The first major Red Fort court-martial opened in November 1945 against Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Sahgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon. The proceedings continued into 1946 and generated strong public sympathy for the INA cause.

Q21. Which of these nationalist leaders was honoured with the Bharat Ratna in 2015?

[RRB Group D (17 December 2018, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Madan Mohan Malaviya
  2. B. Kailash Satyarthi
  3. C. Rahul Gandhi
  4. D. M. S. Dhoni

Answer: A. Madan Mohan Malaviya

Explanation: Madan Mohan Malaviya received the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 2015, along with former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Malaviya is especially associated with the establishment of Banaras Hindu University and the promotion of nationalist education.

Q20. Who introduced the Objectives Resolution to the Constituent Assembly?

[RRB Group D (15 October 2018, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Motilal Nehru
  2. B. B. R. Ambedkar
  3. C. Jawaharlal Nehru
  4. D. Rajendra Prasad

Answer: C. Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru moved the Objectives Resolution in December 1946. Its principles of sovereignty, liberty, justice and equality later helped shape the Preamble of India’s Constitution.

Q19. Which newspaper was NOT associated with Madan Mohan Malaviya?

[SSC CHSL (24 March 2018, Shift 1)]

  1. A. The Leader
  2. B. Comrade
  3. C. Hindustan
  4. D. Abhyudaya

Answer: B. Comrade

Explanation: Comrade was associated with Maulana Mohammad Ali, not Madan Mohan Malaviya. Malaviya was connected with The Leader, Hindustan and Abhyudaya, reflecting his use of journalism to advance education and nationalist views.

Q18. In which year was Subhas Chandra Bose elected Congress president?

[WBPSC Miscellaneous Prelims (3 March 2018)]

  1. A. 1938
  2. B. 1933
  3. C. 1928
  4. D. 1923

Answer: A. 1938

Explanation: Bose was elected president at Haripura in 1938. He won re-election at Tripuri in 1939, but differences with Congress leaders soon caused his resignation and subsequent formation of the Forward Bloc.

Q17. Which of these Tamil Nadu cities did Subhas Chandra Bose visit?

[TNUSRB Police Constable Official Paper (2018)]

  1. A. Virudhunagar
  2. B. Madurai
  3. C. Erode
  4. D. Salem

Answer: B. Madurai

Explanation: The cited Tamil Nadu police question identifies Madurai as a place visited by Bose. His nationalist career included wide travel in India before his wartime overseas campaign with the Indian National Army.

Q16. After escaping from India, which European country did Bose reach?

[Tripura TET Paper II Social Studies (2018)]

  1. A. Japan
  2. B. Germany
  3. C. Russia
  4. D. None of these

Answer: B. Germany

Explanation: Bose escaped house arrest in January 1941 and reached Germany after travelling via Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. He later travelled by submarine to Southeast Asia, where he took charge of the INA.

Q15. Who is remembered as the Rani of Jhansi?

[MP Patwari (15 December 2017, Shift 2)]

  1. A. Ahilyabai Holkar
  2. B. Rani Lakshmibai
  3. C. Rani Durgavati
  4. D. Akkadevi

Answer: B. Rani Lakshmibai

Explanation: Lakshmibai, the queen of Jhansi, became a major figure in the uprising of 1857. Her resistance to British annexation and fighting during the revolt established her enduring place among India’s most celebrated freedom fighters.

Q14. Where was the Azad Hind Fauj associated with Bose organized?

[SSC CGL (10 August 2017, Shift 1)]

  1. A. Singapore
  2. B. Thailand
  3. C. Britain
  4. D. Italy

Answer: A. Singapore

Explanation: Singapore was central to the formation and subsequent reorganization of the Indian National Army in Southeast Asia. The first INA began in 1942 under Mohan Singh; Bose assumed its leadership in 1943.

Q13. Which pair received the Bharat Ratna honours announced in 2015?

[RRB NTPC CBT-II (18 January 2017, Shift 3)]

  1. A. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Amitabh Bachchan
  2. B. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Malaviya
  3. C. Atal Bihari Vajpayee and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
  4. D. Madan Mohan Malaviya and Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Answer: D. Madan Mohan Malaviya and Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Explanation: Madan Mohan Malaviya and Atal Bihari Vajpayee were the two Bharat Ratna recipients for 2015. Malaviya received the distinction posthumously in recognition of a lifetime of contributions to education and national life.

Q12. Which were events of 1945: (1) Wavell Plan, (2) Shimla Conference, (3) Naval Mutiny, (4) INA trial?

[CGPSC Civil Service Prelims 2017]

  1. A. 1, 2 and 3
  2. B. 2, 3 and 4
  3. C. 1, 2 and 4
  4. D. 1, 3 and 4
  5. E. All four

Answer: C. 1, 2 and 4

Explanation: The Wavell Plan, Shimla Conference and opening INA trials occurred in 1945. The Royal Indian Navy mutiny took place later, in February 1946, amid escalating anti-colonial agitation and discontent within the armed forces.

Q11. Which woman leader, known as the Nightingale of India, encouraged women to join the independence movement?

[RRB NTPC Tier I (27 April 2016, Shift 3)]

  1. A. Vijayalakshmi Pandit
  2. B. Durgabai Deshmukh
  3. C. Sarojini Naidu
  4. D. Bhikaji Cama

Answer: C. Sarojini Naidu

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu combined poetry with mass politics and campaigned alongside Gandhi. She was the first Indian woman president of Congress and became the first woman governor of an Indian state after independence.

Q10. When and under whose leadership was the INA first officially organized?

[WBCS Prelims 2016]

  1. A. Rash Behari Bose in 1942
  2. B. Subhas Chandra Bose in 1943
  3. C. Captain Mohan Singh in Singapore in 1942
  4. D. None of the above

Answer: C. Captain Mohan Singh in Singapore in 1942

Explanation: The first Indian National Army emerged in Southeast Asia in 1942 under Captain Mohan Singh, drawing Indian prisoners of war. Subhas Chandra Bose reorganized and led the force in 1943, giving it wider nationalist prominence.

Q9. Which lawyers were involved in the INA defence: Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai and Tej Bahadur Sapru?

[WBCS Prelims 2015]

  1. A. Nehru only
  2. B. Desai only
  3. C. Sapru only
  4. D. All of them

Answer: D. All of them

Explanation: The defence effort in the INA proceedings involved distinguished Indian lawyers, including Desai, Nehru and Sapru. The trials attracted nationwide attention and became an issue of unity and opposition to continued colonial rule.

Q8. Which Congress-president pairing is wrongly matched?

[RPSC Second Grade Social Science 2015]

  1. A. Gandhi—Belgaum 1924
  2. B. Annie Besant—Calcutta 1917
  3. C. Sarojini Naidu—Kakinada 1923
  4. D. Bose—Haripura 1938

Answer: C. Sarojini Naidu—Kakinada 1923

Explanation: The 1923 Kakinada session was presided over by Maulana Mohammad Ali, not Sarojini Naidu. Naidu chaired the Kanpur session in 1925. The other three leader-session associations in the question are correctly matched.

Q7. At which European city did Madam Bhikaji Cama unfurl an early Indian nationalist flag in 1907?

[BPSC Combined Competitive Examination 2015]

  1. A. London
  2. B. Paris
  3. C. Moscow
  4. D. Stuttgart

Answer: D. Stuttgart

Explanation: Bhikaji Cama displayed a tricolour associated with Indian independence at the International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart, Germany, in August 1907. Her activism among Indian expatriate nationalists carried the demand for freedom into international political forums.

Q6. Who was elected president of the Indian National Congress in 1938?

[MPPSC State Service Prelims 2014]

  1. A. Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. B. Subhas Chandra Bose
  3. C. Abul Kalam Azad
  4. D. Vallabhbhai Patel

Answer: B. Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose became president at the Haripura session in 1938 and promoted plans for economic reconstruction. He won a second presidential term in 1939 before disagreements with senior Congress leaders led to his resignation.

Q5. Which book-and-author pairing is incorrect?

[UPPSC Civil Services GS-I 2014]

  1. A. Subhas Bose — The Indian Struggle
  2. B. Dadabhai Naoroji — Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
  3. C. Rajendra Prasad — India Divided
  4. D. Frank Moraes — India from Curzon to Nehru and After

Answer: D. Frank Moraes — India from Curzon to Nehru and After

Explanation: India from Curzon to Nehru and After was written by journalist Durga Das, not Frank Moraes. The other books are correctly linked with Bose, Naoroji and Rajendra Prasad respectively, reflecting different aspects of India’s political development.

Q4. Which statement about Dadabhai Naoroji is incorrect?

[UPPSC Civil Services GS-I 2014]

  1. A. He taught mathematics and physics at Elphinstone College
  2. B. He entered the British Parliament in 1892
  3. C. He started the journal Rast Goftar
  4. D. He presided over Congress four times

Answer: D. He presided over Congress four times

Explanation: Naoroji presided over Congress three times, in 1886, 1893 and 1906, rather than four. He was also an early Indian professor at Elphinstone College, a British MP and an influential nationalist journalist.

Q3. In which year did the naval mutiny occur in British India?

[Rajasthan Informatics Assistant 2013]

  1. A. 1946
  2. B. 1944
  3. C. 1933
  4. D. 1942

Answer: A. 1946

Explanation: The Royal Indian Navy revolt began in Bombay in February 1946, with ratings protesting food, working conditions and racial discrimination. The agitation spread to other establishments and attracted civilian support, revealing instability in late colonial rule.

Q2. Who wrote the poem In the Bazaars of Hyderabad?

[RPSC Second Grade English 2013]

  1. A. Gita Mehta
  2. B. Ismat Chughtai
  3. C. Sarojini Naidu
  4. D. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

Answer: C. Sarojini Naidu

Explanation: Sarojini Naidu wrote In the Bazaars of Hyderabad, included in The Bird of Time. The poem evokes Indian markets through vivid images of traders, artisans and everyday culture, demonstrating her lyrical style.

Q1. Which Congress president-and-session matches are all correct?

[UPPSC Civil Services GS-I 2012]

  1. A. M. A. Ansari—Haripura; Tandon—Kanpur; Naidu—Nasik; Bose—Madras
  2. B. M. A. Ansari—Kanpur; Tandon—Madras; Naidu—Haripura; Bose—Nasik
  3. C. M. A. Ansari—Madras; Tandon—Nasik; Naidu—Kanpur; Bose—Haripura
  4. D. M. A. Ansari—Nasik; Tandon—Haripura; Naidu—Madras; Bose—Kanpur

Answer: C. M. A. Ansari—Madras; Tandon—Nasik; Naidu—Kanpur; Bose—Haripura

Explanation: M. A. Ansari presided at Madras in 1927, Purushottam Das Tandon at Nasik in 1950, Sarojini Naidu at Kanpur in 1925, and Subhas Chandra Bose at Haripura in 1938.

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