160. Which organisation extended financial support during India’s 1991 foreign-exchange crisis?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (2 September, Shift 2) — 2025]
(A) ADB
(B) World Bank
(C) WTO
(D) IMF
Answer: (D) IMF
Explanation: India turned to the International Monetary Fund for balance-of-payments assistance amid depleted reserves in 1991. Stabilisation finance and economic-policy adjustments accompanied wider liberalisation. The IMF differs from the WTO, which deals mainly with rules for international trade.
159. Which global institution helped support India’s reforms during the balance-of-payments crisis of 1991?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (19 June, Shift 1) — 2025]
(A) United Nations
(B) International Monetary Fund
(C) World Health Organization
(D) World Trade Organization
Answer: (B) International Monetary Fund
Explanation: The IMF provided financial support to India during the acute external payments crisis. The assistance was linked to stabilisation measures, while the government also implemented structural reforms. The episode underlined the importance of adequate foreign-exchange reserves and sustainable external financing.
158. Which institutions influenced industrial restructuring in India after the 1991 crisis?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (14 August, Shift 1) — 2025]
(A) NABARD
(B) WTO
(C) IMF and World Bank
(D) RBI only
Answer: (C) IMF and World Bank
Explanation: The IMF and World Bank were major external institutions involved in India’s 1991 stabilisation and structural-adjustment period. Policies included trade liberalisation, regulatory reform and greater private-sector participation. Domestic policymakers still determined the precise reform programme and its implementation.
157. Which international institution supported India’s liberalisation during the 1991 crisis?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (19 August, Shift 2) — 2025]
(A) Reserve Bank of India
(B) Election Commission
(C) NITI Aayog
(D) International Monetary Fund
Answer: (D) International Monetary Fund
Explanation: India obtained assistance from the International Monetary Fund when foreign-exchange reserves were insufficient to meet external obligations. Such financing can provide temporary support during a balance-of-payments crisis, while policy reform seeks to strengthen economic stability and competitiveness.
156. Which state received a World Bank healthcare-upgrading loan of about ₹2,424 crore?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (20 August, Shift 1) — 2025]
(A) Gujarat
(B) Andhra Pradesh
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Kerala
Answer: (D) Kerala
Explanation: The World Bank-supported financing was associated with health-system improvements in Kerala. Development-bank lending typically funds public services, infrastructure and institutional capacity. It contrasts with IMF financing, which generally responds to macroeconomic and external-sector instability.
155. Which three bodies jointly organised a 2025 health, trade and intellectual-property briefing?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (11 August, Shift 1) — 2025]
(A) WHO, UNESCO and WTO
(B) WHO, IMF and UNDP
(C) WHO, WIPO and WTO
(D) WHO, WIPO and UNICEF
Answer: (C) WHO, WIPO and WTO
Explanation: WHO covers health policy, WIPO administers international intellectual-property cooperation, and WTO manages global trade rules. Their joint work addresses the interaction of innovation incentives, trade in medicines and access to public-health technologies, including patent and licensing issues.
154. Which organisation publishes the report The State of the World’s Children?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I (13 November, Shift 3) — 2025]
(A) UNICEF
(B) World Bank
(C) IMF
(D) World Economic Forum
Answer: (A) UNICEF
Explanation: UNICEF publishes The State of the World’s Children to analyse issues affecting children, including health, education and protection. The World Bank publishes development research, while the IMF’s flagship forecasts appear in the World Economic Outlook.
153. According to Census 2011, what was the decadal population growth rate of Hindus in India?
[SSC CGL Tier-II Paper-I (20 January) — 2025]
(A) 16.8%
(B) 14.3%
(C) 18.5%
(D) 11.7%
Answer: (A) 16.8%
Explanation: Census 2011 reported a 16.8 percent increase in the Hindu population over the preceding decade. This is a decadal growth rate for a particular religious category and should not be confused with that category’s proportion of the total population.
152. According to Economic Survey 2022–23, what share of India’s population lived in rural areas in 2021?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (16 June, Shift 2) — 2025]
(A) 55%
(B) 60%
(C) 70%
(D) 65%
Answer: (D) 65%
Explanation: The cited Economic Survey estimated that approximately 65 percent of Indians lived in rural areas in 2021. It was a demographic estimate, not a completed 2021 census. Rural population shares affect demand, employment patterns and infrastructure planning.
151. Which of the following was NOT a feature of the Bretton Woods system?
[NDA-II, General Ability Test (14 September) — 2025]
(A) Creation of the IMF
(B) Post-war economic reconstruction
(C) Creation of the IBRD
(D) A monetary system based on floating exchange rates
Answer: (D) A monetary system based on floating exchange rates
Explanation: The Bretton Woods arrangements were based on fixed but adjustable exchange rates, with currencies linked to the US dollar and the dollar linked to gold. The IMF and IBRD emerged from the 1944 conference. Generalised floating came later.
