100. Which British statute introduced dyarchy in the administration of Indian provinces?
[SSC CGL, 25 September 2025]
(A) Government of India Act, 1919
(B) Government of India Act, 1935
(C) Regulating Act, 1773
(D) Indian Councils Act, 1892
Answer: (A) Government of India Act, 1919
Explanation: The 1919 Act divided provincial subjects into reserved and transferred categories. The former remained under appointed executive control, while the latter were handled by ministers answerable to provincial legislatures. The legislation illustrates expanding parliamentary involvement in the structures and powers of colonial government.
99. Arrange these events chronologically: Wandiwash (3), Nand Kumar’s execution (1), Treaty of Salbai (2), Tipu Sultan’s death (4).
[71st BPSC Preliminary, 13 September 2025]
(A) 3–1–2–4
(B) 1–3–2–4
(C) 3–2–1–4
(D) 2–3–4–1
Answer: (A) 3–1–2–4
Explanation: The Battle of Wandiwash occurred in 1760, Nand Kumar was executed in 1775, the Treaty of Salbai was concluded in 1782, and Tipu Sultan died in 1799. Mysore’s resistance was closely connected with diplomatic competition between British and French interests.
98. At which battle did Ahmad Shah Abdali defeat the Maratha army in 1761?
[OSSSC CRE Preliminary, 13 October 2025, Shift 2]
(A) Battle of Karnal
(B) Second Battle of Panipat
(C) Third Battle of Panipat
(D) First Battle of Panipat
Answer: (C) Third Battle of Panipat
Explanation: The Third Battle of Panipat occurred on 14 January 1761. The Afghan army of Ahmad Shah Durrani defeated the Maratha force commanded by Sadashivrao Bhau, temporarily checking Maratha expansion in northern India. The episode illustrates shifting political alliances as the Company advanced against powerful regional Indian states.
97. The group of forts inscribed by UNESCO in 2025 under the name Maratha Military Landscapes of India is associated primarily with which polity?
[IB Security Assistant, 29 September 2025]
(A) The Maratha state
(B) The Mughal Empire
(C) The Sikh Empire
(D) The Vijayanagara Empire
Answer: (A) The Maratha state
Explanation: Maratha hill and coastal fortifications reflect innovative use of terrain and maritime geography. Several sites are closely associated with Shivaji and successors, illustrating the strategic foundations of Maratha regional power. The episode illustrates shifting political alliances as the Company advanced against powerful regional Indian states.
96. In which year was the Third Battle of Panipat fought?
[CGPSC State Service Prelims, 11 February 2024]
(A) 1757
(B) 1761
(C) 1764
(D) 1775
Answer: (B) 1761
Explanation: Maratha forces were defeated by Ahmad Shah Durrani on 14 January 1761. Heavy losses disrupted their northern ambitions, although Maratha political influence revived under later leaders. The episode illustrates shifting political alliances as the Company advanced against powerful regional Indian states.
95. Which Afghan monarch fought the Marathas at the Third Battle of Panipat?
[RPF Sub-Inspector, 13 December 2024]
(A) Ahmad Shah Durrani
(B) Nadir Shah
(C) Dost Mohammad Khan
(D) Shah Shuja
Answer: (A) Ahmad Shah Durrani
Explanation: Ahmad Shah Abdali, also called Durrani, led the invading Afghan army in 1761. The Marathas were commanded by Sadashivrao Bhau; alliances with northern Indian powers influenced the final outcome. The episode illustrates shifting political alliances as the Company advanced against powerful regional Indian states.
94. When did the Third Battle of Panipat take place?
[WBCS Mains 2023 paper, held 18 August 2024]
(A) 1761
(B) 1740
(C) 1770
(D) 1707
Answer: (A) 1761
Explanation: Fought on 14 January 1761, the battle involved the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Durrani’s coalition. Its outcome caused enormous military losses and a temporary contraction of Maratha activity in North India. The episode illustrates shifting political alliances as the Company advanced against powerful regional Indian states.
93. In what year was the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War fought?
[SSC MTS, 11 November 2024]
(A) 1769
(B) 1784
(C) 1792
(D) 1799
Answer: (D) 1799
Explanation: The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War took place in 1799 under Governor-General Wellesley. Tipu Sultan died in the fighting at Seringapatam, after which the Wodeyar dynasty was restored under British influence. The military conflict was part of a prolonged contest over sovereignty and Company influence in southern India.
92. When was the Third Anglo-Maratha War fought?
[PGCIL Diploma Trainee, 8 February 2024]
(A) 1767–1769
(B) 1775–1782
(C) 1803–1805
(D) 1817–1819
Answer: (D) 1817–1819
Explanation: The Third Anglo-Maratha War began in 1817 and concluded by 1818–19. The defeat of Peshwa Baji Rao II enabled the East India Company to abolish the Peshwaship and consolidate authority across large regions. The episode illustrates shifting political alliances as the Company advanced against powerful regional Indian states.
91. Which of these battles was fought in 1761?
[SSC MTS, 15 October 2024, Shift 2]
(A) Battle of Buxar
(B) Battle of Wandiwash
(C) Third Battle of Panipat
(D) Second Battle of Panipat
Answer: (C) Third Battle of Panipat
Explanation: Panipat III was fought in January 1761 between a Maratha army and the coalition led by Ahmad Shah Abdali. The same year also saw late stages of British-French rivalry in South India. The episode illustrates shifting political alliances as the Company advanced against powerful regional Indian states.
