Q250. Identify the river: it follows an antecedent course, passes through three countries, rises on the Tibetan Plateau, supports irrigation and has no distributaries.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2026)]
(A) Brahmaputra
(B) Indus
(C) Sutlej
(D) Teesta
Answer: (C) Sutlej
Explanation: The Sutlej rises near Rakshastal in Tibet, enters India through the Shipki La region, and eventually joins the Indus system. Its antecedent course cuts across Himalayan ranges. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q249. Which is the largest saltwater lake of India among these?
[SSC GD Constable (29 April 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Vembanad Lake
(B) Pulicat Lake
(C) Chilika Lake
(D) Sambhar Lake
Answer: (C) Chilika Lake
Explanation: Chilika is a vast brackish-water lagoon on the Odisha coast connected with the Bay of Bengal. Sambhar is instead known as the largest inland salt lake. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q248. Majuli Island, lying in the Brahmaputra, is situated in which state?
[SSC GD Constable (30 April 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) West Bengal
(B) Arunachal Pradesh
(C) Assam
(D) Meghalaya
Answer: (C) Assam
Explanation: Majuli Island is situated within Assam on the braided Brahmaputra. It is noted for its Vaishnavite satras, a distinctive island culture and the effects of riverbank erosion associated with changing channels. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q247. Which river joins the Brahmaputra to form the world’s largest delta?
[SSC GD Constable (30 April 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Ganga
(C) Krishna
(D) Yamuna
Answer: (B) Ganga
Explanation: The Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna contribute sediment to the extensive Bengal delta around Bangladesh and West Bengal. It opens into the Bay of Bengal. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q246. Which Indian river has the largest drainage catchment within India?
[SSC GD Constable (4 May 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Ganga
(C) Narmada
(D) Brahmaputra
Answer: (B) Ganga
Explanation: The Ganga basin covers a substantial portion of the Northern Plains and receives water from the Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi and other tributaries. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q245. What is the general direction of flow of the Narmada?
[SSC GD Constable (4 May 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) East to West
(B) West to East
(C) North to South
(D) South to North
Answer: (A) East to West
Explanation: The Narmada runs westward from the Amarkantak region along a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges and ultimately meets the Arabian Sea. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q244. Which river is popularly called Dakshina Ganga?
[SSC GD Constable (5 May 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Krishna
(B) Godavari
(C) Narmada
(D) Cauvery
Answer: (B) Godavari
Explanation: The Godavari is the longest peninsular river and has an extensive drainage basin. Rising near Trimbakeshwar, it flows east across the Deccan towards the Bay of Bengal. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q243. Which river system is responsible for the world’s largest delta?
[SSC GD Constable (5 May 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Indus
(B) Ganga-Brahmaputra
(C) Godavari
(D) Krishna
Answer: (B) Ganga-Brahmaputra
Explanation: Huge quantities of silt carried by the Ganga and Brahmaputra, together with the Meghna, have created the Bengal delta. Its tidal wetlands include the Sundarbans. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q242. Dhuandhar Falls is formed by which river?
[SSC GD Constable (5 May 2026, Shift 3)]
(A) Tapti
(B) Kaveri
(C) Narmada
(D) Godavari
Answer: (C) Narmada
Explanation: Dhuandhar Falls occurs on the Narmada near Bhedaghat and Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh. The river cuts through the Marble Rocks gorge and plunges in a misty cascade. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q241. Which dam has been built across the Sutlej?
[SSC GD Constable (7 May 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Bhakra Dam
(B) Nagarjuna Sagar
(C) Hirakud Dam
(D) Tehri Dam
Answer: (A) Bhakra Dam
Explanation: Bhakra Dam in Himachal Pradesh impounds the Sutlej and creates the Gobind Sagar reservoir. The related Bhakra–Nangal scheme supports irrigation and hydropower. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q240. Which major river traverses the Rajasthan desert?
[SSC GD Constable (7 May 2026, Shift 3)]
(A) Chambal
(B) Banas
(C) Luni
(D) Sabarmati
Answer: (C) Luni
Explanation: The Luni emerges from the Aravalli region near Ajmer and runs through arid western Rajasthan towards the Rann of Kutch, where its flow dissipates inland. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q239. Name India’s highest dam from these choices.
[SSC GD Constable (8 May 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Bhakra Nangal
(B) Hirakud Dam
(C) Tehri Dam
(D) Sardar Sarovar
Answer: (C) Tehri Dam
Explanation: Tehri is a tall earth-and-rockfill dam on the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand. It supplies hydropower and water and forms the Tehri reservoir. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q238. Bada Imambara in Lucknow stands near which river?
[SSC MTS 2025 Paper (9 February 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Ganga
(B) Yamuna
(C) Gomti
(D) Kaveri
Answer: (C) Gomti
Explanation: The Gomti flows through Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh and is a left-bank tributary of the Ganga. The historical Bara Imambara complex is close to its bank. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q237. Which river does not belong to the Ganga tributary system?
[SSC MTS 2025 Paper (9 February 2026, Shift 3)]
(A) Ghaghara
(B) Kosi
(C) Mahadayi
(D) Gandak
Answer: (C) Mahadayi
Explanation: Mahadayi, also called Mandovi, drains westwards through Goa to the Arabian Sea. Ghaghara, Kosi and Gandak all contribute to the Ganga system. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q236. What is the length of National Waterway 2 on the Brahmaputra?
[SSC MTS 2025 Paper (9 February 2026, Shift 3)]
(A) 451 km
(B) 891 km
(C) 1108 km
(D) 1720 km
Answer: (B) 891 km
Explanation: National Waterway 2 covers the Brahmaputra stretch between Sadiya and Dhubri in Assam. This river route supports inland transport in northeastern India. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q235. In which Indian state is Sambhar Lake?
[SSC MTS 2025 Paper (10 February 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Rajasthan
(B) Punjab
(C) Gujarat
(D) Haryana
Answer: (A) Rajasthan
Explanation: Sambhar is a saline inland lake in Rajasthan, west of Jaipur. Its closed basin is fed by seasonal streams and is especially important for salt production. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q234. Which river is called the Dakshin Ganga?
[SSC MTS 2025 Paper (11 February 2026, Shift 3)]
(A) Narmada
(B) Godavari
(C) Brahmaputra
(D) Brahmani
Answer: (B) Godavari
Explanation: The Godavari rises near Nashik in Maharashtra and is the major river system of peninsular India. It flows eastwards through the Deccan and debouches into the Bay of Bengal. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q233. Between which ranges does the Narmada flow?
[MP Police SI (16 January 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
(B) Satpura and Vindhya
(C) Aravalli and Vindhya
(D) Himalayas and Aravalli
Answer: (B) Satpura and Vindhya
Explanation: The Narmada follows a structural rift with the Vindhya hills on the north and the Satpura system on the south. It drains westward. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q232. Which description correctly defines a tributary?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (22 March 2026, Shift 3)]
(A) A branch flowing away from a river
(B) A river joining a larger river
(C) A lake at a river mouth
(D) Saline water mixed with river water
Answer: (B) A river joining a larger river
Explanation: A tributary delivers water into a parent river. A distributary, by contrast, branches away from a main channel, especially within a river delta. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q231. Which river pair is an exception to the usual eastward drainage of major peninsular rivers?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (24 March 2026, Shift 3)]
(A) Godavari and Krishna
(B) Kaveri and Krishna
(C) Mahanadi and Kaveri
(D) Narmada and Tapi
Answer: (D) Narmada and Tapi
Explanation: Most large peninsular rivers flow towards the Bay of Bengal. Narmada and Tapi flow west through fault-controlled troughs before reaching the Arabian Sea. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q230. The five Punjab rivers merge ultimately into which main system near Mithankot?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (24 March 2026, Shift 3)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Ganga
(C) Brahmaputra
(D) Indus
Answer: (D) Indus
Explanation: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej constitute the well-known Punjab tributaries of the Indus. Their waters combine through the Panjnad system before meeting the Indus. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q229. Which three river systems chiefly built the Northern Plains through alluvial deposition?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (25 March 2026, Shift 3)]
(A) Mahanadi, Ganga and Brahmaputra
(B) Krishna, Godavari and Yamuna
(C) Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra
(D) Narmada, Tapi and Kaveri
Answer: (C) Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra systems carry immense loads of Himalayan sediment. Their prolonged deposition created the fertile alluvial plains of northern India. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q228. Which is not a peninsular river?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (27 March 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Ganga
(B) Narmada
(C) Krishna
(D) Godavari
Answer: (A) Ganga
Explanation: Ganga belongs to the Himalayan drainage system, although it receives tributaries from the peninsular plateau. The other three named rivers originate in peninsular India. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q227. Which of these rivers deposits a delta on India’s eastern coast?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (27 March 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Narmada
(B) Mahi
(C) Godavari
(D) Tapi
Answer: (C) Godavari
Explanation: Godavari flows towards the Bay of Bengal and builds a distributary-rich delta in Andhra Pradesh. Narmada, Mahi and Tapi instead drain towards the west. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q226. Which river is not associated with an eastern-coastal delta?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (27 March 2026, Shift 3)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Tapti
(C) Krishna
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (B) Tapti
Explanation: Tapi is a west-flowing river reaching the Arabian Sea near the Gulf of Khambhat. Godavari, Krishna and Mahanadi are east-flowing rivers with deltas. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q225. Which is the largest freshwater lake in India in the listed options?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (14 June 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Wular Lake
(B) Loktak Lake
(C) Chilika Lake
(D) Dal Lake
Answer: (A) Wular Lake
Explanation: Wular Lake in Jammu and Kashmir is a large freshwater lake fed by the Jhelum. Chilika is brackish, while Loktak is noted for its floating phumdis. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q224. On which river is Nagarjuna Sagar Dam constructed?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (16 June 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Krishna
(B) Godavari
(C) Tungabhadra
(D) Bhima
Answer: (A) Krishna
Explanation: The Nagarjuna Sagar project spans the Krishna River between Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. It provides irrigation storage and hydropower and is renowned for its large masonry dam. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q223. Which river’s basin has the greatest catchment area in India?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II (10 July 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Krishna
(B) Ganga
(C) Narmada
(D) Godavari
Answer: (B) Ganga
Explanation: India’s Ganga basin extends across the densely settled Northern Plains and adjoining uplands. Tributaries from the Himalayas and peninsular areas make it much larger than the named peninsular basins. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q222. Which Himalayan river-based hydroelectric project is listed?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II (10 July 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Srisailam project
(B) Krishnarajasagar project
(C) Mettur project
(D) Tehri hydroelectric project
Answer: (D) Tehri hydroelectric project
Explanation: The Tehri scheme is on the Bhagirathi, one of the headstreams of the Ganga. Srisailam is on Krishna; Krishnarajasagar and Mettur are connected with Kaveri. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q221. The Sardar Sarovar Project stands on which river?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II (10 July 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Mahi
(B) Narmada
(C) Tapi
(D) Sabarmati
Answer: (B) Narmada
Explanation: Sardar Sarovar Dam is on the Narmada in Gujarat and is part of the Narmada Valley development programme. It provides irrigation, drinking water and electricity. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q220. The Pin River is an important right-bank tributary of which river?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II (10 July 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Chandra River
(B) Spiti River
(C) Bhaga River
(D) Tsarab River
Answer: (B) Spiti River
Explanation: The Pin drains the cold-desert landscape of Himachal Pradesh and joins the Spiti, an upper tributary within the Sutlej basin. Its valley is renowned for its stark mountain environment. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q219. Which river rises west of Rohtang Pass and traverses Chamba Valley?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II (10 July 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Jhelum
(B) Beas
(C) Chenab
(D) Ravi
Answer: (D) Ravi
Explanation: The Ravi rises in the Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh and flows across Chamba. It is one of the five important Punjab rivers in the Indus drainage network. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q218. Which Indian river is known for deep badland ravines?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II (10 July 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Chambal
(B) Ken
(C) Ramganga
(D) Gandak
Answer: (A) Chambal
Explanation: The Chambal basin contains dissected gullies and steep ravines formed by prolonged erosion. The river ultimately joins the Yamuna, placing it within the Ganga drainage system. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q217. Which river project is built across the Krishna?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II (10 July 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Nagarjuna Sagar
(B) Tehri
(C) Hirakud
(D) Bhakra
Answer: (A) Nagarjuna Sagar
Explanation: Nagarjuna Sagar is located on the Krishna in southern India. By comparison, Tehri is on the Bhagirathi, Hirakud on the Mahanadi and Bhakra on the Sutlej. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q216. Which inland river port lies on the Brahmaputra?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II (10 July 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Kandla
(B) Chennai
(C) Mumbai
(D) Pandu
Answer: (D) Pandu
Explanation: Pandu Port serves inland shipping on the Brahmaputra near Guwahati in Assam. Kandla, Chennai and Mumbai are seaports with direct access to coastal waters. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q215. Which is the major river system underlying the delta of Bangladesh?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-II (10 July 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Nile River Valley
(B) Mississippi River Plain
(C) Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta
(D) Amazon River Basin
Answer: (C) Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta
Explanation: The Ganga and Brahmaputra, together with Meghna, distribute fertile alluvium over much of Bangladesh. Their broad tidal delta opens into the Bay of Bengal. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q214. Which river is called Dihang in northeastern India?
[CDS-I General Knowledge (12 April 2026)]
(A) Dikhow
(B) Brahmaputra
(C) Subansiri
(D) Teesta
Answer: (B) Brahmaputra
Explanation: After winding round Namcha Barwa, the Brahmaputra enters Arunachal Pradesh as Siang or Dihang. Farther downstream it receives the Lohit and Dibang near the Assam plains. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q213. The Chalcolithic Ahar culture developed in which river system?
[CDS-I General Knowledge (12 April 2026)]
(A) Sarayu–Ganga
(B) Krishna–Tungabhadra
(C) Banas–Berach
(D) Brahmaputra–Meghna
Answer: (C) Banas–Berach
Explanation: The Ahar or Banas culture flourished in southeastern Rajasthan around the Banas basin and its tributary Berach. The river valleys provided resources for early settled communities. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q212. Shipki La is situated in which Himalayan river valley?
[CDS-I General Knowledge (12 April 2026)]
(A) Chumbi Valley
(B) Brahmaputra Valley
(C) Sutlej Valley
(D) Teesta Valley
Answer: (C) Sutlej Valley
Explanation: Shipki La is in the Kinnaur region of Himachal Pradesh on the India–Tibet frontier. The Sutlej crosses from Tibet into India along a deep gorge in this region. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q211. Regarding Rudradaman’s Junagadh inscription, which statement is correct? 1. Kharosthi script and Prakrit; 2. Restoration of Sudarshana Lake; 3. Undated inscription.
[CDS-I General Knowledge (12 April 2026)]
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 2 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (B) 2 only
Explanation: The Junagadh record discusses repair of the Sudarshana reservoir. It is an important dated Sanskrit inscription written in Brahmi, making the other two assertions incorrect. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q210. Which lake is associated with a crater in Deccan volcanic rocks?
[SSC GD Constable (19 May 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Sambhar Lake
(B) Loktak Lake
(C) Lonar Lake
(D) Chilika Lake
Answer: (C) Lonar Lake
Explanation: Lonar Lake lies in a meteorite-impact crater cut into basalt of the Deccan Traps in Maharashtra. Its basin is therefore an impact crater, not a crater created by a volcanic eruption. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q209. What evidence supports the proposed ancient shifting of drainage between the Indus and Ganga basins in the Pleistocene?
1. Rigvedic Nadi-Sukta;
2. Explorations by Robert Bruce Foote;
3. Similar river-dolphin lineages in both systems.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2026)]
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 2
(D) 3 only
Answer: (D) 3 only
Explanation: Biological affinities of river dolphins occurring in the now-separated Indus and Ganga river systems are cited as evidence for former hydrological connections. The other items do not establish Pleistocene channel transfer. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q208. Across which three Odisha districts does Chilika Lake extend?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (19 March 2026, Shift 2)]
(A) Puri, Jagatsinghpur, Khurda
(B) Cuttack, Puri, Kendrapara
(C) Puri, Khurda, Ganjam
(D) Khurda, Balasore, Ganjam
Answer: (C) Puri, Khurda, Ganjam
Explanation: The coastal Chilika lagoon occupies areas of Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts. It is separated from the Bay of Bengal by a long sandy coastal barrier. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q207. Which coastal zone of India is best known for a network of backwaters and lagoons?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (15 June 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) Andhra Coast
(B) Coromandel Coast
(C) Malabar Coast
(D) Northern Circars
Answer: (C) Malabar Coast
Explanation: Kerala’s Malabar Coast possesses extensive backwaters or kayals. Coastal bars and spits, along with river inflows and marine processes, created a connected lagoon environment. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q206. In which year was the Namami Gange river-cleaning programme launched?
[RRB JE CBT-I (20 February 2026, Shift 1)]
(A) 2020
(B) 2015
(C) 2017
(D) 2014
Answer: (D) 2014
Explanation: Namami Gange was approved in 2014 as a programme to reduce pollution and rejuvenate the Ganga. It combines wastewater treatment, river-surface cleaning and ecosystem conservation. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q205. Which place is the confluence of Alaknanda and Bhagirathi?
[71st BPSC Prelims (2025)]
(A) Karnaprayag
(B) Vishnuprayag
(C) Rudraprayag
(D) Devprayag
Answer: (D) Devprayag
Explanation: Devprayag in Uttarakhand is where these two major headwaters meet to form the Ganga. Each of the Panch Prayag sites represents a distinct Alaknanda confluence. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q204. Which is traditionally identified as the largest river island in India?
[71st BPSC Prelims (2025)]
(A) Majuli Island
(B) Srirangam Island
(C) Bhavani Island
(D) Agatti Island
Answer: (A) Majuli Island
Explanation: Majuli occupies a shifting island landscape of the Brahmaputra in Assam. Sedimentation and erosion can change river-island area, making such superlative rankings time-dependent. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q203. Which is not one of the eastern rivers allocated to India under the Indus Waters Treaty?
[71st BPSC Prelims (2025)]
(A) Jhelum
(B) Ravi
(C) Sutlej
(D) Beas
Answer: (A) Jhelum
Explanation: Ravi, Beas and Sutlej are the eastern rivers. Jhelum is grouped with the western rivers Indus and Chenab under the 1960 treaty. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q202. Loktak is a type of what geographical feature?
[71st BPSC Prelims (2025)]
(A) Lake
(B) Valley
(C) River
(D) Mountain range
Answer: (A) Lake
Explanation: Loktak is a freshwater lake in Manipur known for floating vegetation masses called phumdis. It provides livelihoods and includes Keibul Lamjao National Park. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q201. Vembanad Lake, commonly described as India’s longest lake, lies in which state?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (1 September 2025, Shift 2)]
(A) Assam
(B) Kerala
(C) West Bengal
(D) Odisha
Answer: (B) Kerala
Explanation: Vembanad is an extensive backwater lake in Kerala running parallel to the Malabar Coast. Rivers draining the Western Ghats feed the lagoon system, which connects through tidal channels to the Arabian Sea. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q200. Which is the largest inland saline wetland in India?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (20 June 2025, Shift 2)]
(A) Wular Lake
(B) Pulicat Lake
(C) Chilika Lake
(D) Sambhar Lake
Answer: (D) Sambhar Lake
Explanation: Sambhar Lake is a broad saline depression in Rajasthan. Seasonal streams deliver water and dissolved minerals, which concentrate when water evaporates. Chilika and Pulicat are coastal lagoons, whereas Wular contains fresh water. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q199. Which of the following is the longest river?
[MPPSC State Service Prelims (16 February 2025)]
(A) Narmada
(B) Cauvery
(C) Krishna
(D) Godavari
Answer: (D) Godavari
Explanation: The Godavari runs approximately 1,465 kilometres from its source near Trimbakeshwar in Maharashtra to the Bay of Bengal. It is the longest river of peninsular India, ahead of Krishna, Narmada and Cauvery. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q198. Amarkantak, near the Son River’s origin, is associated with which range?
[70th BPSC Prelims Re-exam (2024)]
(A) Rajmahal Hills
(B) Mahadev Hills
(C) Makalu Range
(D) Maikal Range
Answer: (D) Maikal Range
Explanation: Amarkantak lies in Madhya Pradesh in the Maikal highlands near the meeting of major peninsular uplands. The Son emerges here and flows towards the Ganga. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q197. Which river forms part of the India–Nepal border?
[BPSC TRE-3 (July 2024)]
(A) Kosi
(B) Kali or Mahakali
(C) Gandak
(D) Burhi Gandak
Answer: (B) Kali or Mahakali
Explanation: The Kali, also called Mahakali or Sharda, marks sections of the India–Nepal boundary. It eventually joins the Ghaghara drainage network. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q196. Divi Island is situated amid the distributaries of which river?
[70th BPSC Prelims Re-exam (2024)]
(A) Mahananda
(B) Vamsadhara
(C) Godavari
(D) Krishna
Answer: (D) Krishna
Explanation: Divi Island lies in the Krishna delta in Andhra Pradesh. Delta channels surround low-lying tracts formed by the river’s deposited sediments. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q195. Which river is unlike the other three in its direction of flow?
[70th BPSC Prelims (2024)]
(A) Tungabhadra
(B) Narmada
(C) Penganga
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (B) Narmada
Explanation: Narmada flows west towards the Arabian Sea. Tungabhadra, Penganga and Mahanadi drain into east-flowing systems reaching the Bay of Bengal. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q194. What is the west-to-east order of the Himalayan tributaries joining the Ganga below Prayagraj?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2024)]
(A) Ghaghara, Gomti, Gandak, Kosi
(B) Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi
(C) Ghaghara, Gomti, Kosi, Gandak
(D) Gomti, Ghaghara, Kosi, Gandak
Answer: (B) Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi
Explanation: Downstream from Prayagraj the Gomti joins before the Ghaghara, followed farther east by the Gandak and Kosi. Their confluences lie along the middle and lower Ganga. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q193. Examine waterfall–region–river triples:
1. Dhuandhar–Malwa–Narmada;
2. Hundru–Chota Nagpur–Subarnarekha;
3. Gersoppa–Western Ghats–Netravati.
How many are correct?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2024)]
(A) Only one
(B) Only two
(C) All three
(D) None
Answer: (A) Only one
Explanation: Hundru on the Subarnarekha in Chota Nagpur is correct. Dhuandhar is at Bhedaghat on the Narmada, not in Malwa, and Gersoppa or Jog is on the Sharavati, not Netravati. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q192. On which stretch is National Waterway 2 located?
[CDS-I General Knowledge (2024)]
(A) Ganga: Haldia–Prayagraj
(B) West Coast Canal: Kottapuram–Kollam
(C) Brahmaputra: Sadiya–Dhubri
(D) Godavari–Krishna: Kakinada–Puducherry
Answer: (C) Brahmaputra: Sadiya–Dhubri
Explanation: National Waterway 2 is the Brahmaputra navigation stretch from Sadiya to Dhubri in Assam. National Waterway 1 instead extends along the Ganga–Bhagirathi–Hooghly route. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q191. Which statements about river meanders are correct?
1. A meander is a U-shaped bend.
2. A gooseneck may be cut off into an oxbow lake.
3. Incised meanders can result from renewed downcutting after uplift.
[CDS-I General Knowledge (2024)]
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Meanders are pronounced river bends. During floods a narrow neck can be cut through, leaving an oxbow lake; uplift may preserve winding courses as deeply incised valleys. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q190. Which statements about Indian rivers are correct?
1. Barak originates in Meghalaya.
2. Ghaggar ends in desert inland drainage.
3. Puthimari and Manas are Brahmaputra tributaries.
[CDS-II General Knowledge (2024)]
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 2 only
(D) 2 and 3 only
Answer: (D) 2 and 3 only
Explanation: The Barak rises in the Manipur hill region, making the first statement wrong. Ghaggar is an ephemeral inland-drainage river, and both Puthimari and Manas feed the Brahmaputra. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q189. Which peninsular river receives the Kabini as a tributary?
[CDS-II General Knowledge (2024)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Krishna
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Cauvery
Answer: (D) Cauvery
Explanation: Kabini rises in the Western Ghats region and joins the Cauvery in Karnataka. The Cauvery flows onward into Tamil Nadu and eventually reaches the Bay of Bengal. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q188. In which state is Ghepang Ghat glacial lake situated?
[CDS-II General Knowledge (2024)]
(A) Jammu and Kashmir
(B) Ladakh
(C) Himachal Pradesh
(D) Uttarakhand
Answer: (C) Himachal Pradesh
Explanation: Ghepang Ghat lies in the Lahaul area of Himachal Pradesh. Its changing area is relevant to monitoring Himalayan glacial-lake outburst flood risks. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q187. Which of these Peninsular Indian rivers empties into the Arabian Sea?
[SSC CGL Tier-I (17 September 2024, Shift 2)]
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Krishna
(C) Sabarmati
(D) Godavari
Answer: (C) Sabarmati
Explanation: The Sabarmati originates in the Aravalli hills and passes through Gujarat, including Ahmedabad, before emptying into the Gulf of Khambhat of the Arabian Sea. The other three listed rivers flow to the Bay of Bengal.
Q186. The river originating near a cow-mouth spout at the ancient Mahadev temple of Mahabaleshwar belongs to which river basin?
[SSC CGL Tier-I (17 September 2024, Shift 2)]
(A) Cauvery
(B) Krishna
(C) Godavari
(D) Narmada
Answer: (B) Krishna
Explanation: The Krishna rises near Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. It crosses the Deccan plateau and runs eastwards into the Bay of Bengal, receiving tributaries including Bhima and Tungabhadra. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q185. Which is the longest dam in India?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Hirakud Dam
(B) Bhakra Nangal Dam
(C) Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
(D) Sardar Sarovar Dam
Answer: (A) Hirakud Dam
Explanation: Hirakud, constructed across the Mahanadi in Odisha, is widely described as India’s longest dam when its associated dykes are included. Its scheme regulates floods and supplies irrigation water and power. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q184. Which is India’s largest brackish-water lake?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Chilika Lake
(B) Pulicat Lake
(C) Vembanad Lake
(D) Loktak Lake
Answer: (A) Chilika Lake
Explanation: Chilika is a coastal lagoon in Odisha that receives freshwater inflows and exchanges water with the Bay of Bengal. These conditions produce a mixture of fresh and saline water. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q183. Which river crosses the Tropic of Cancer twice?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Mahi
(B) Mahananda
(C) Narmada
(D) Chambal
Answer: (A) Mahi
Explanation: The Mahi rises in Madhya Pradesh, runs northward into Rajasthan and then turns southwest through Gujarat. This unusual bend carries it across the Tropic of Cancer twice. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q182. Which project–state match is incorrect?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Ramganga Project–Madhya Pradesh
(B) Shivasamudram–Karnataka
(C) Hirakud–Odisha
(D) Nagarjuna Sagar–Andhra Pradesh
Answer: (A) Ramganga Project–Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: The Ramganga multipurpose project is associated with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh rather than Madhya Pradesh. The other projects are linked to the indicated southern or eastern states. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q181. Where does the Son River originate?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Maikal Hills
(B) Amarkantak Hills
(C) Kaimur Hills
(D) Rajmahal Hills
Answer: (B) Amarkantak Hills
Explanation: The Son begins near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh and then flows generally northeastwards. It enters the Ganga as a major right-bank tributary in Bihar. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q180. In which state is Kolleru Lake situated?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Kerala
(D) Karnataka
Answer: (A) Andhra Pradesh
Explanation: Kolleru is a shallow freshwater lake between the Krishna and Godavari deltas in Andhra Pradesh. It helps absorb floodwater and supports an important wetland ecosystem. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q179. Which river supplies the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Krishna
(B) Godavari
(C) Cauvery
(D) Tungabhadra
Answer: (A) Krishna
Explanation: Nagarjuna Sagar impounds the Krishna on the Andhra Pradesh–Telangana boundary. It is a key irrigation and power project serving parts of the lower Krishna basin. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q178. Which is the largest freshwater lake of India among these?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Wular Lake
(B) Loktak Lake
(C) Dal Lake
(D) Naini Lake
Answer: (A) Wular Lake
Explanation: Wular, in the Kashmir Valley, is fed by the Jhelum River and serves as a natural flood-buffering basin. Its freshwater nature contrasts with coastal brackish lagoons such as Chilika. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q177. Which of these rivers does not form a delta?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Tapi
(B) Cauvery
(C) Godavari
(D) Krishna
Answer: (A) Tapi
Explanation: The Tapi flows westward along a tectonic trough and reaches the Arabian Sea through an estuary. The Cauvery, Godavari and Krishna commonly build deltas on the eastern coast. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q176. On which river are Jog Falls situated?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Tapi
(B) Sharavati
(C) Cauvery
(D) Bhima
Answer: (B) Sharavati
Explanation: Jog Falls, also called Gersoppa Falls, is created by the Sharavati River in Karnataka’s Western Ghats. Its major plunge is particularly striking during the monsoon. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q175. Which river runs through the Kashmir Valley?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Chenab
(B) Ravi
(C) Sutlej
(D) Jhelum
Answer: (D) Jhelum
Explanation: The Jhelum flows through Srinagar and Wular Lake before moving towards the western Himalayas. It is an important tributary in the Indus river network. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q174. Which of these rivers runs in a rift valley?
[WBCS Mains (2023)]
(A) Luni
(B) Chambal
(C) Son
(D) Tapi
Answer: (D) Tapi
Explanation: The Tapi follows an east–west structural trough across peninsular India, parallel to the Narmada to its north. Such rift-guided courses differ from ordinary slope-controlled drainage. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q173. The Subarnarekha River rises near which village?
[69th BPSC Prelims (2023)]
(A) Ormanjhi
(B) Mandar
(C) Hehal
(D) Nagri
Answer: (D) Nagri
Explanation: The Subarnarekha rises near Nagri in the Ranchi district of Jharkhand. It subsequently flows through Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha to the Bay of Bengal. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q172. Which proposed waterfall–river pairs are incorrectly matched?
1. Jog–Sharavati;
2. Kapildhara–Cauvery;
3. Dhuandhar–Godavari.
[BPSC TRE-1 (August 2023)]
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 2 and 3
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (C) 2 and 3
Explanation: Jog–Sharavati is correct. Kapildhara and Dhuandhar are both associated with the Narmada system, so pairing them with Cauvery and Godavari is incorrect. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q171. How many statements are correct?
1. Jhelum passes through Wular Lake.
2. Krishna directly feeds Kolleru Lake.
3. Gandak meandering formed Kanwar Lake.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2023)]
(A) Only one
(B) Only two
(C) All three
(D) None
Answer: (A) Only one
Explanation: The Jhelum flows through Wular, so statement 1 is correct. Kolleru receives water mainly from streams associated with the Krishna–Godavari region, and Kanwar oxbow lake is linked to Burhi Gandak. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q170. Which river has carved a deep gorge between the Akhrani and Mathwar hills?
[MPPSC State Service Prelims, 2022 Cycle (21 May 2023)]
(A) Chambal
(B) Son
(C) Ken
(D) Narmada
Answer: (D) Narmada
Explanation: The Narmada cuts a deep gorge between the Akhrani and Mathwar hills in western Madhya Pradesh. The river also flows through the striking Marble Rocks gorge near Jabalpur before continuing to the Arabian Sea.
Q169. Which is the largest peninsular river system?
[WBCS Mains (2022)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Narmada
(C) Cauvery
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (A) Godavari
Explanation: The Godavari has the largest drainage basin among peninsular rivers. It rises near Trimbakeshwar in Maharashtra and drains the Deccan eastwards into the Bay of Bengal. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q168. Which is India’s longest west-flowing peninsular river?
[WBCS Mains (2022)]
(A) Tapi
(B) Luni
(C) Narmada
(D) Bhagirathi
Answer: (C) Narmada
Explanation: The Narmada stretches from the Amarkantak highlands to the Gulf of Khambhat. At roughly 1,300 kilometres, it exceeds other important west-flowing peninsular rivers in length. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q167. Where does the Godavari River originate?
[WBCS Mains (2022)]
(A) Amarkantak
(B) Nilgiri Hills
(C) Sihawa
(D) Trimbak
Answer: (D) Trimbak
Explanation: The Godavari rises at Trimbakeshwar near Nashik in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. It then flows eastwards across the peninsula and reaches the Bay of Bengal. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q166. Which of these is India’s longest dam?
[WBCS Mains (2022)]
(A) Bhakra Nangal
(B) Rihand
(C) Hirakud
(D) Nagarjuna Sagar
Answer: (C) Hirakud
Explanation: The Hirakud project on the Mahanadi in Odisha is famous for its very long embankment and associated dykes. It was designed for flood moderation, irrigation and electricity. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q165. Barakar is a tributary of which river?
[WBCS Mains (2022)]
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Ganga
(C) Damodar
(D) Ajay
Answer: (C) Damodar
Explanation: The Barakar flows through the Jharkhand–West Bengal region and joins the Damodar. Reservoirs in the Damodar Valley Corporation network help regulate its waters. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q164. The Nagarjuna Sagar multipurpose project lies across which two states?
[WBCS Mains (2022)]
(A) Telangana and Andhra Pradesh
(B) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
(C) Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
(D) Kerala and Karnataka
Answer: (A) Telangana and Andhra Pradesh
Explanation: The Krishna River forms the border near Nagarjuna Sagar between Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The reservoir supports large canal networks and hydroelectricity in this region. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q163. On which river is the island of Majuli located?
[WBCS Mains (2022)]
(A) Brahmaputra
(B) Ganga
(C) Cauvery
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (A) Brahmaputra
Explanation: Majuli lies among shifting Brahmaputra channels in Assam. Deposition, bank erosion and periodic flooding have continually altered the island’s area and landscape. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q162. Sardar Sarovar hydroelectric project is associated with which river?
[WBCS Mains (2022)]
(A) Sutlej
(B) Bhagirathi
(C) Narmada
(D) Rihand
Answer: (C) Narmada
Explanation: The Sardar Sarovar project harnesses the Narmada in Gujarat. Its canal and power systems provide water and electricity to adjoining areas of western India. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q161. Which river marks part of the Rajasthan–Madhya Pradesh boundary?
[WBCS Mains (2022)]
(A) Yamuna
(B) Gomti
(C) Ken
(D) Chambal
Answer: (D) Chambal
Explanation: The Chambal flows through and along the borders of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan before joining the Yamuna. Its valley is also well known for extensive ravine erosion. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q160. Which plateau gives rise to Damodar, Koel and Subarnarekha drainage?
[67th BPSC Prelims (2022)]
(A) Deccan Plateau
(B) Central Highlands
(C) Chota Nagpur Plateau
(D) Meghalaya Plateau
Answer: (C) Chota Nagpur Plateau
Explanation: The Chota Nagpur Plateau spans parts of eastern central India, especially Jharkhand. Several rivers emerge from this upland and flow towards the Ganga or eastern coast. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q159. Which comparisons between Himalayan and peninsular rivers are correct?
1. Himalayan rivers are mostly perennial while many peninsular rivers are rain-fed.
2. Himalayan upper courses usually have steeper gradients.
3. Peninsular rivers generally erode more than Himalayan rivers.
[67th BPSC Prelims (2022)]
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
Explanation: Glacial and snowmelt inflows sustain many Himalayan rivers, whose upper courses have steep gradients. Peninsular rivers depend more heavily on seasonal rainfall and often follow older, more stable terrain. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q158. How many reservoir–state pairs are incorrectly matched?
1. Ghataprabha–Telangana;
2. Gandhi Sagar–Madhya Pradesh;
3. Indira Sagar–Andhra Pradesh;
4. Maithon–Chhattisgarh.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2022)]
(A) Only one pair
(B) Only two pairs
(C) Only three pairs
(D) All four pairs
Answer: (C) Only three pairs
Explanation: Gandhi Sagar is correctly in Madhya Pradesh. Ghataprabha reservoir is associated with Karnataka, Indira Sagar with Madhya Pradesh and Maithon with Jharkhand, so three are incorrect. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q157. Which river is a Brahmaputra tributary?
[UPSC CAPF Paper I (7 August 2022)]
(A) Ghaggar
(B) Mahi
(C) Kosi
(D) Manas
Answer: (D) Manas
Explanation: Manas flows from Bhutan into Assam and joins the Brahmaputra. Ghaggar drains internally, Mahi goes west to the Arabian Sea, and Kosi joins the Ganga. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q156. In which state is Kolleru Lake situated?
[SSC CGL Tier-I (12 December 2022, Shift 1)]
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Karnataka
(D) Kerala
Answer: (A) Andhra Pradesh
Explanation: Kolleru is a large freshwater wetland located between the Krishna and Godavari deltas in Andhra Pradesh. It helps regulate floods and provides an important habitat for waterbirds and aquatic species. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q155. Floating masses of vegetation called phumdis are a special feature of which Indian lake?
[RRB NTPC CBT-II Level 3 (14 June 2022, Shift 1)]
(A) Chilika
(B) Sambhar
(C) Loktak
(D) Pangong
Answer: (C) Loktak
Explanation: Loktak Lake in Manipur is famous for phumdis, floating islands made of vegetation and organic matter. Keibul Lamjao National Park occupies floating habitat on the lake and protects the endangered sangai deer. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q154. Which groups of river systems formed India’s Northern Plains?
[RRB Group D (7 October 2022, Shift 3)]
(A) Narmada, Ganga and Brahmaputra
(B) Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra
(C) Cauvery, Ganga and Tapi
(D) Indus, Ganga and Godavari
Answer: (B) Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra river systems transport enormous volumes of alluvium from the Himalayas. Deposition of their sediments over geological time helped build the fertile Northern Plains of the subcontinent. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q153. The largest peninsular river in India is:
[RRB Group D (14 September 2022, Shift 3)]
(A) Krishna
(B) Narmada
(C) Godavari
(D) Cauvery
Answer: (C) Godavari
Explanation: Godavari has the longest course and the broadest basin among peninsular rivers. It rises in the Western Ghats near Nashik and flows east through the Deccan to the Bay of Bengal. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q152. Which river is a part of the Brahmaputra River System?
[RRB Group D (5 September 2022, Shift 3)]
(A) Lohit
(B) Gomti
(C) Ramganga
(D) Kosi
Answer: (A) Lohit
Explanation: The Lohit drains eastern Arunachal Pradesh and joins the Brahmaputra river system near the Assam plains. Gomti, Ramganga and Kosi all belong instead to the much larger Ganga drainage network. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q151. The famous Majuli Island is situated on which river?
[RRB Group D (27 September 2022, Shift 1)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Brahmaputra
(C) Indus
(D) Ganga
Answer: (B) Brahmaputra
Explanation: Majuli is a large inhabited river island in Assam, surrounded by branches of the Brahmaputra. This dynamic river frequently shifts channels and transports sediment, reshaping the island and its floodplain. Rivers shaped settlement, local trade routes and agriculture throughout the adjoining plains and valleys.
Q150. Which is a tributary of the Brahmaputra?
[WBCS Mains (2021)]
(A) Subansiri
(B) Godavari
(C) Ganga
(D) Ghaghara
Answer: (A) Subansiri
Explanation: The Subansiri rises in the eastern Himalayas and enters the Brahmaputra in Assam. It is one of the major northern tributaries supplying water and sediment. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q149. Which city is situated near the mouth of the Tapi River?
[WBCS Mains (2021)]
(A) Ankleshwar
(B) Ahmedabad
(C) Vadodara
(D) Surat
Answer: (D) Surat
Explanation: Surat lies on the Tapi in Gujarat, close to the river’s Arabian Sea estuary. The city’s riverfront is historically associated with trade and periodic floods. Rivers shaped settlement, local trade routes and agriculture throughout the adjoining plains and valleys.
Q148. At which place do the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda meet?
[WBCS Mains (2021)]
(A) Devprayag
(B) Rudraprayag
(C) Haridwar
(D) Karnaprayag
Answer: (A) Devprayag
Explanation: The two Himalayan headstreams unite at Devprayag in Uttarakhand; downstream their combined course is called the Ganga. Rudraprayag is the meeting place of the Alaknanda and Mandakini. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q147. The Indus is an example of which type of river?
[WBCS Mains (2021)]
(A) Consequent
(B) Antecedent
(C) Obsequent
(D) Subsequent
Answer: (B) Antecedent
Explanation: The Indus maintains its course across mountain uplift and cuts deep gorges through Himalayan terrain. Rivers whose courses predate the uplift are termed antecedent. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q146. Through which two states does the Beas flow?
[WBCS Mains (2021)]
(A) Rajasthan and Punjab
(B) Punjab and Himachal Pradesh
(C) Haryana and Uttar Pradesh
(D) Haryana and Rajasthan
Answer: (B) Punjab and Himachal Pradesh
Explanation: The Beas rises near Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh and enters Punjab before meeting the Sutlej near Harike. It belongs to the Indus drainage system. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q145. Who advocated the National Water Grid or river-linking concept?
[WBCS Mains (2021)]
(A) K. L. Rao
(B) P. V. Narasimha Rao
(C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(D) Narendra Modi
Answer: (A) K. L. Rao
Explanation: Engineer and former minister K. L. Rao advanced an early national water-grid proposal. The idea concerned transfers of water between surplus and deficit basins, although later programmes developed different plans. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q144. Which lake is treated as the largest in this exam question?
[WBCS Mains (2021)]
(A) Loktak
(B) Wular
(C) Vembanad
(D) Chilika
Answer: (B) Wular
Explanation: The exam key names Wular, a large freshwater lake in Kashmir. Lake comparisons depend on whether freshwater, brackish water, total area or seasonal fluctuations are being considered. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q143. Which of these rivers rise in the Eastern Ghats?
1. Brahmani;
2. Nagavali;
3. Subarnarekha;
4. Vamsadhara.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2021)]
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 4 only
(C) 3 and 4 only
(D) 1 and 3 only
Answer: (B) 2 and 4 only
Explanation: Nagavali and Vamsadhara originate in the Eastern Ghats uplands. The Brahmani and Subarnarekha trace their origins farther inland in the Chota Nagpur region. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q142. In the Indus river system, which river receives the other three through tributary connections before its waters meet the Indus?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2021)]
(A) Chenab
(B) Jhelum
(C) Ravi
(D) Sutlej
Answer: (D) Sutlej
Explanation: The exam treats Sutlej as the downstream receiving river in this group. Punjab rivers interconnect before the Panjnad ultimately joins the Indus in Pakistan. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q141. Which is not a tributary of the Brahmaputra?
[NDA-I General Ability Test (18 April 2021)]
(A) Manas
(B) Kameng
(C) Mahananda
(D) Subansiri
Answer: (C) Mahananda
Explanation: Mahananda rises near the Darjeeling hills and joins the Ganga basin. Manas, Kameng and Subansiri are important tributaries of the Brahmaputra. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q140. Which origin best describes the Narmada River?
[Jharkhand PSC Prelims (2021)]
(A) Volcanic
(B) Aeolian
(C) Structural
(D) Glacial
Answer: (C) Structural
Explanation: The Narmada valley is structurally controlled by faulting and rifting. Its long west-flowing trough follows the weakness between the Vindhya and Satpura highlands. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q139. Which river is not part of the Indian Ganga basin?
[UPPCS Prelims (2021)]
(A) Punpun
(B) Ajay
(C) Jalangi
(D) Jonk
Answer: (D) Jonk
Explanation: Jonk belongs to the Mahanadi system in central-eastern India. Punpun, Ajay and Jalangi drain into the Ganga–Hooghly system. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q138. Assertion: Teesta formerly fed the Ganga but now feeds the Brahmaputra.
Reason: River capture can reorganise Himalayan drainage.
[UPPCS Prelims (2021)]
(A) Both true, reason explains
(B) Both true, not explanatory
(C) Assertion true, reason false
(D) Assertion false, reason true
Answer: (A) Both true, reason explains
Explanation: Historical drainage rearrangements shifted Teesta waters towards the Brahmaputra. River capture and major flooding can redistribute channels and alter which trunk river receives a tributary. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q137. Which is not a tributary of the Brahmaputra?
[WBCS Mains (2020)]
(A) Kameng
(B) Kopili
(C) Seonath
(D) Dhansiri
Answer: (C) Seonath
Explanation: The Seonath or Shivnath is part of the Mahanadi drainage basin in central India. The Kameng, Kopili and Dhansiri connect to the Brahmaputra system in the northeast. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q136. Which state is not traversed by the Chambal River?
[WBCS Mains (2020)]
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Gujarat
Answer: (D) Gujarat
Explanation: The Chambal drains parts of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan and then joins the Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh. It does not flow through neighbouring Gujarat. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q135. Which river forms Gersoppa Falls?
[WBCS Mains (2020)]
(A) Cauvery
(B) Sharavati
(C) Narmada
(D) Godavari
Answer: (B) Sharavati
Explanation: Gersoppa is another name for Jog Falls, where the Sharavati plunges through a steep escarpment in Karnataka. The river ultimately flows west into the Arabian Sea. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q134. Where does the Jhelum originate?
[WBCS Mains (2020)]
(A) Mount Kailash
(B) Rohtang
(C) Verinag
(D) Kullu
Answer: (C) Verinag
Explanation: The Jhelum rises from springs at Verinag in southern Kashmir. It runs through Srinagar and Wular Lake before crossing into Pakistan-administered territory. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q133. Which river predates Himalayan uplift according to the antecedent-river concept?
[WBCS Mains (2020)]
(A) Beas
(B) Sutlej
(C) Teesta
(D) Kosi
Answer: (B) Sutlej
Explanation: The Sutlej crosses the high Himalayas through deep gorges on its way from Tibet to India. This entrenched path makes it a classic example of antecedent drainage. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q132. In which state is the Grand Anicut located?
[WBCS Mains (2020)]
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Karnataka
(D) Kerala
Answer: (B) Tamil Nadu
Explanation: The Grand Anicut or Kallanai is an ancient diversion structure on the Cauvery in Tamil Nadu. It helps direct river water for irrigation in the delta. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q131. In which Himalayan region do Chandra and Bhaga rivers flow before their confluence?
[66th BPSC Prelims Re-exam (2020)]
(A) Spiti
(B) Lahaul
(C) Kargil
(D) Kumaon
Answer: (B) Lahaul
Explanation: Chandra and Bhaga flow through the Lahaul area of Himachal Pradesh and combine near Tandi to form the Chenab. The Chenab continues within the Indus river basin. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q130. Pahalgam in Kashmir is situated on which river?
[66th BPSC Prelims Re-exam (2020)]
(A) Shyok
(B) Jhelum
(C) Lidder
(D) Chenab
Answer: (C) Lidder
Explanation: Pahalgam stands near the Lidder, a river that flows through the Kashmir Valley and joins the Jhelum. The surrounding landscape is known for mountain streams and tourism. Rivers shaped settlement, local trade routes and agriculture throughout the adjoining plains and valleys.
Q129. What is the descending length order of Godavari, Krishna, Narmada and Mahanadi?
[Chhattisgarh PSC Prelims (2020)]
(A) Narmada, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari
(B) Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi, Narmada
(C) Mahanadi, Krishna, Narmada, Godavari
(D) Godavari, Krishna, Narmada, Mahanadi
Answer: (D) Godavari, Krishna, Narmada, Mahanadi
Explanation: The Godavari is about 1,465 kilometres long, Krishna about 1,400, Narmada about 1,312 and Mahanadi about 851 kilometres, giving the fourth order. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q128. Arrange Yamuna tributaries west to east:
1. Betwa;
2. Ken;
3. Sindh;
4. Chambal.
[UPPCS Prelims (2020)]
(A) 4, 3, 1, 2
(B) 1, 2, 3, 4
(C) 3, 2, 1, 4
(D) 2, 3, 1, 4
Answer: (A) 4, 3, 1, 2
Explanation: The Chambal joins Yamuna farthest west among these, followed by Sindh, Betwa and Ken to the east. Their catchments cover much of Bundelkhand. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q127. Which statement about Sambhar Lake is correct?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I (18 March 2020, Shift 2)]
(A) It drains into the Arabian Sea
(B) It is India’s largest inland salt lake
(C) It is a meteor-impact crater
(D) It is India’s highest-altitude lake
Answer: (B) It is India’s largest inland salt lake
Explanation: Sambhar Lake is a saline inland lake in Rajasthan, lying west of Jaipur. It supplies salt through evaporation and has no direct outlet to the sea. Chilika, by comparison, is a coastal brackish-water lagoon.
Q126. The Indus River rises near which mountain range?
[WBCS Mains (2019)]
(A) Pir Panjal
(B) Kailash
(C) Zanskar
(D) Saltoro
Answer: (B) Kailash
Explanation: The Indus begins in western Tibet in the vicinity of the Kailash region and flows through Ladakh before entering Pakistan. It eventually reaches the Arabian Sea. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q125. Where do the Mandakini and Alaknanda rivers meet?
[WBCS Mains (2019)]
(A) Rudraprayag
(B) Karnaprayag
(C) Prayagraj
(D) Devprayag
Answer: (A) Rudraprayag
Explanation: Rudraprayag in Uttarakhand lies at the confluence of the Mandakini and Alaknanda. Devprayag, farther downstream, marks the meeting of the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q124. Which is the largest west-flowing peninsular river?
[WBCS Mains (2019)]
(A) Tapi
(B) Sabarmati
(C) Narmada
(D) None of these
Answer: (C) Narmada
Explanation: The Narmada drains the Amarkantak region and follows a rift valley toward the Arabian Sea. It is longer than the Tapi, Mahi and Sabarmati. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q123. Which river was allocated for India’s unrestricted use under the Indus Waters Treaty?
[WBCS Mains (2019)]
(A) Jhelum
(B) Ravi
(C) Chenab
(D) Indus
Answer: (B) Ravi
Explanation: The treaty allocated the eastern rivers Ravi, Beas and Sutlej for India’s use, subject to its provisions. The Indus, Jhelum and Chenab were classified as western rivers. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q122. The Ganga is regarded as which type of river?
[WBCS Mains (2019)]
(A) Consequent
(B) Subsequent
(C) Antecedent
(D) None
Answer: (C) Antecedent
Explanation: The Himalayan Ganga drainage developed across a changing mountain landscape. Antecedent reaches cut gorges while preserving routes established before significant uplift. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q121. Where does the Chambal River originate?
[WBCS Mains (2019)]
(A) Malwa Plateau
(B) Aravalli Range
(C) Vindhya Range
(D) Satpura Range
Answer: (A) Malwa Plateau
Explanation: The Chambal rises near the Janapav hills in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. It flows northwards and becomes a major tributary of the Yamuna. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q120. Chilika is an example of which lake type?
[WBCS Mains (2019)]
(A) Crater lake
(B) Lagoon
(C) Glacial lake
(D) Aeolian lake
Answer: (B) Lagoon
Explanation: Chilika is a coastal lagoon formed behind a barrier on the Odisha shore. A channel links the water body with the Bay of Bengal, making it brackish. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q119. The Bhima is a tributary of which river?
[BPSC Assistant (2019)]
(A) Krishna
(B) Narmada
(C) Damodar
(D) Chambal
Answer: (A) Krishna
Explanation: The Bhima rises in Maharashtra and joins the Krishna farther downstream. It drains a large area of the Deccan and supports major irrigation projects. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q118. Which listed tributaries fall within the broader Ganga basin?
1. North Koel;
2. Barakar;
3. Sankh;
4. South Koel.
[65th BPSC Prelims (2019)]
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 2
(D) 3 and 4
Answer: (C) 1 and 2
Explanation: The North Koel feeds the Son and the Barakar feeds the Damodar–Hooghly system, both linked to Ganga drainage. Sankh and South Koel combine within the Brahmani basin. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q117. What does antecedent drainage mean in relation to the Indus and Brahmaputra?
[NDA-I General Ability Test (21 April 2019)]
(A) Rivers follow the first Himalayan slope
(B) Rivers existed before uplift of Himalayan ranges
(C) Rivers follow only bedding-plane dip
(D) Rivers follow only rock strike
Answer: (B) Rivers existed before uplift of Himalayan ranges
Explanation: Antecedent rivers maintain established courses while mountains rise, cutting deep gorges across the new topography. Indus and Brahmaputra are classic examples. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q116. Amritdhara Falls is situated on which river?
[Chhattisgarh PSC Prelims (2019)]
(A) Maniyari
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Indravati
(D) Hasdeo
Answer: (D) Hasdeo
Explanation: Amritdhara Falls is on the Hasdeo River in the Koriya region of Chhattisgarh. The Hasdeo joins the Mahanadi via the Seonath drainage network. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q115. At which river confluence is the Chandrhasini Devi temple located?
[Chhattisgarh PSC Prelims (2019)]
(A) Kelo and Ib
(B) Mand and Mahanadi
(C) Hasdeo and Seonath
(D) Indravati and Godavari
Answer: (B) Mand and Mahanadi
Explanation: The Chandrhasini Devi temple at Chandrapur in Chhattisgarh stands near the confluence of the Mand with the Mahanadi. The site is an important regional pilgrimage location. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q114. What is the moribund delta a part of?
[UPPCS Prelims (2019)]
(A) Krishna–Godavari delta
(B) Mahanadi delta
(C) Bengal delta
(D) Cauvery delta
Answer: (C) Bengal delta
Explanation: The moribund region occupies older, less active parts of the Ganga–Brahmaputra delta, with silting waterways and reduced sediment delivery compared with active distributaries. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q113. Which river is famous for its fault-valley drainage?
[UPPCS Prelims (2019)]
(A) Chambal
(B) Damodar
(C) Gandak
(D) Ramganga
Answer: (B) Damodar
Explanation: The Damodar occupies an east-trending structural depression across the Chota Nagpur region. Its course is strongly influenced by the region’s geological faulting. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q112. Which of the following waterfalls is not located on the Narmada River?
[MPPSC State Service Prelims (2019)]
(A) Kapildhara
(B) Bhalkund
(C) Dugdhdara
(D) Bhedaghat
Answer: (B) Bhalkund
Explanation: Bhalkund Falls is on the Bina River. Kapildhara and Dugdhdara occur near Amarkantak on the Narmada system, while the dramatic cascade at Bhedaghat is known as Dhuandhar Falls. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q111. Which river is used as an important inland waterway in India?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Ganga
(B) Cauvery
(C) Mahi
(D) Luni
Answer: (A) Ganga
Explanation: The Ganga between Prayagraj and Haldia forms part of National Waterway 1, a major inland-navigation route. Several stretches support cargo and passenger transport. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q110. Srinagar is located on which river?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Indus
(B) Jhelum
(C) Chenab
(D) Ravi
Answer: (B) Jhelum
Explanation: The Jhelum winds through Srinagar in the Kashmir Valley. It connects with Wular Lake and eventually becomes an Indus tributary. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q109. Nashik lies on the bank of which river?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Tapi
(C) Krishna
(D) Godavari
Answer: (D) Godavari
Explanation: The Godavari emerges near Trimbakeshwar and passes through Nashik in Maharashtra. The city is an important pilgrimage centre on the river’s upper course. Rivers shaped settlement, local trade routes and agriculture throughout the adjoining plains and valleys.
Q108. Which is an important river of the Indian desert?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Luni
(B) Narmada
(C) Krishna
(D) Beas
Answer: (A) Luni
Explanation: The Luni drains the dry Thar region of western Rajasthan. Its waters usually fail to reach the open sea, instead spreading into the Rann of Kutch wetlands. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q107. Pong Dam is constructed across which river?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Ravi
(B) Tapi
(C) Beas
(D) Son
Answer: (C) Beas
Explanation: Pong Dam, also called Maharana Pratap Sagar, is built on the Beas in Himachal Pradesh. The reservoir is recognised as a major wetland habitat. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q106. Which river joins the Ganga directly from the south?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Betwa
(B) Chambal
(C) Son
(D) Ken
Answer: (C) Son
Explanation: The Son flows northeast from the Amarkantak region and joins the Ganga near Patna. Betwa, Chambal and Ken join the Yamuna instead. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q105. Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is located on which river?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Sutlej
(B) Chambal
(C) Narmada
(D) Gandak
Answer: (B) Chambal
Explanation: Rana Pratap Sagar forms part of the Chambal Valley project in Rajasthan. Other large installations on this river include Gandhi Sagar and Jawahar Sagar. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q104. Which rivers combine in the Meghna system of Bangladesh?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Ganga and Yamuna
(B) Ganga and Gomti
(C) Ganga and Son
(D) Ganga and Brahmaputra
Answer: (D) Ganga and Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Ganga, called Padma in Bangladesh, joins the Jamuna channel of the Brahmaputra; their combined waters merge with the Meghna before entering the Bay of Bengal. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q103. Which is a joint India–Nepal river-valley project?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Gomti
(B) Chambal
(C) Damodar
(D) Kosi
Answer: (D) Kosi
Explanation: Flood control and irrigation schemes on the Kosi involve cooperation between India and Nepal. The Himalayan river is famous for channel migration across north Bihar. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q102. Surat is situated on the banks of which river?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Tapi
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Bhima
(D) Godavari
Answer: (A) Tapi
Explanation: Surat developed beside the lower Tapi in Gujarat. The river enters the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Khambhat, historically linking the city to maritime trade. Rivers shaped settlement, local trade routes and agriculture throughout the adjoining plains and valleys.
Q101. Which listed river has its source outside India?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Brahmaputra
(B) Beas
(C) Ravi
(D) Jhelum
Answer: (A) Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet, where its upper course is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo. Beas, Ravi and Jhelum originate within the wider Indian Himalayan region. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q100. Which river is known as the Tsangpo in Tibet?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Ganga
(B) Brahmaputra
(C) Indus
(D) Teesta
Answer: (B) Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Brahmaputra’s upper course is called the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet. It bends around the eastern Himalayas and enters Arunachal Pradesh as Siang or Dihang. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q99. What is the name of India’s longest irrigation canal system?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Yamuna Canal
(B) Sirhind Canal
(C) Indira Gandhi Canal
(D) Upper Bari Doab Canal
Answer: (C) Indira Gandhi Canal
Explanation: The Indira Gandhi Canal diverts Sutlej–Beas system waters into arid Rajasthan. The project expanded irrigation and drinking-water availability in desert districts. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q98. Which state is principally served by the historic Ganga Canal?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Bihar
(C) West Bengal
(D) Rajasthan
Answer: (A) Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: The Upper Ganga Canal draws water near Haridwar to irrigate western Uttar Pradesh. It is among India’s long-established canal irrigation works. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q97. Tehri Dam impounds which river?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Alaknanda
(B) Bhagirathi
(C) Gandak
(D) Ghaghara
Answer: (B) Bhagirathi
Explanation: Tehri is constructed across the Bhagirathi in Uttarakhand, upstream of its merger with the Alaknanda. Its reservoir is used for hydropower, irrigation and water supply. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q96. Hirakud Dam is located on which river?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Godavari
(C) Cauvery
(D) Periyar
Answer: (A) Mahanadi
Explanation: The Hirakud dam lies near Sambalpur in Odisha on the Mahanadi. It stores monsoon runoff and is designed for flood mitigation and irrigation. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q95. Which listed river forms an estuary rather than a large delta?
[WBCS Mains (2018)]
(A) Krishna
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Godavari
(D) Narmada
Answer: (D) Narmada
Explanation: The west-flowing Narmada meets the Arabian Sea through an estuarine mouth. Krishna, Mahanadi and Godavari deposit alluvium to form prominent eastern deltas. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q94. Indravati and Sabari rivers are tributaries of which main river?
[BPSC CDPO Prelims (2018)]
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Godavari
(C) Krishna
(D) Damodar
Answer: (B) Godavari
Explanation: The Indravati and Sabari drain the forested uplands of central-eastern India and join the Godavari. Their catchments include areas of Chhattisgarh and Odisha. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q93. Which is the largest peninsular Indian river basin?
[WBCS Mains (2017)]
(A) Krishna
(B) Godavari
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Narmada
Answer: (B) Godavari
Explanation: The Godavari basin occupies extensive parts of Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and neighbouring states. Its catchment makes it the largest peninsular river system. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q92. Which sequence correctly lists Indus tributaries from north to south?
[WBCS Mains (2017)]
(A) Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej
(B) Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Sutlej
(C) Ravi, Sutlej, Chenab, Jhelum
(D) Sutlej, Ravi, Jhelum, Chenab
Answer: (A) Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej
Explanation: In the Punjab river system the Jhelum lies north of the Chenab, while the Ravi and Sutlej lie progressively farther south. All eventually contribute to the Indus network. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q91. Which of these rivers has the highest runoff?
[WBCS Mains (2017)]
(A) Ganga
(B) Brahmaputra
(C) Indus
(D) Narmada
Answer: (B) Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Brahmaputra carries enormous volumes of water from eastern Himalayan rainfall and snowmelt, with high discharge particularly during the monsoon. Its basin receives exceptionally heavy precipitation. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q90. Which river has frequently shifted its course?
[WBCS Mains (2017)]
(A) Brahmaputra
(B) Ganga
(C) Teesta
(D) Kosi
Answer: (D) Kosi
Explanation: The Kosi has migrated across a broad alluvial fan in Bihar over historical time. This instability and associated flooding explain its reputation as the Sorrow of Bihar. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q89. Which is a right-bank tributary of the Ganga?
[WBCS Mains (2017)]
(A) Yamuna
(B) Gandak
(C) Kali
(D) Teesta
Answer: (A) Yamuna
Explanation: The Yamuna meets the Ganga from the southwest at Prayagraj, making it a right-bank tributary. Gandak and several Himalayan tributaries enter from the opposite side. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q88. Which river is not associated with the proposed Ganga–Cauvery link canal?
[WBCS Mains (2017)]
(A) Son
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Narmada
(D) Pennar
Answer: (C) Narmada
Explanation: Early eastward inter-basin transfer proposals linked rivers such as the Son, Mahanadi and Pennar. The west-flowing Narmada does not lie on this envisaged route. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q87. In which region is tank irrigation especially prevalent?
[WBCS Mains (2017)]
(A) Peninsular India
(B) Brahmaputra Valley
(C) Thar Desert
(D) Lower Ganga Plain
Answer: (A) Peninsular India
Explanation: The hard-rock terrain of peninsular India favours small reservoirs that collect seasonal runoff. Tanks historically support irrigation in parts of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q86. Gersoppa Falls is located on which river?
[WBCS Mains (2017)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Sharavati
(C) Narmada
(D) Cauvery
Answer: (B) Sharavati
Explanation: The Sharavati cascades over the Western Ghats escarpment at Jog or Gersoppa Falls in Karnataka. Its water flows westward into the Arabian Sea. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q85. With reference to Teesta, which statements are correct?
1. It has the same source as Brahmaputra.
2. Rangeet is its tributary from Sikkim.
3. It reaches the sea directly at the India–Bangladesh border.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2017)]
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (B) 2 only
Explanation: Rangeet originates in Sikkim and joins the Teesta, so only statement 2 stands. Teesta has a separate Himalayan source and joins Brahmaputra drainage rather than flowing directly into the sea. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q84. Where does the Luni River drain?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Ganga Delta
(B) Godavari Delta
(C) Rann of Kutch region
(D) Gulf of Khambhat
Answer: (C) Rann of Kutch region
Explanation: Luni flows across western Rajasthan towards the Rann of Kutch. Its stream frequently disappears in saline flats, marking an inland-drainage landscape rather than a normal delta. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q83. Which city–river pairing is wrong?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Srinagar–Jhelum
(B) Lucknow–Gomti
(C) Tiruchirappalli–Periyar
(D) Panaji–Mandovi
Answer: (C) Tiruchirappalli–Periyar
Explanation: Tiruchirappalli is situated on the Cauvery, whereas the Periyar is a major river of Kerala. The other pairings correctly identify the corresponding city rivers. Rivers shaped settlement, local trade routes and agriculture throughout the adjoining plains and valleys.
Q82. Which river is also called Vridha Ganga?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Krishna
(B) Cauvery
(C) Godavari
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (C) Godavari
Explanation: Vridha Ganga, meaning Old Ganga, is a traditional name for the Godavari. The river traverses large parts of the Deccan Plateau and forms a broad eastern delta. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q81. Which is not a tributary of the Krishna River?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Tungabhadra
(B) Pennar
(C) Bhima
(D) Sina
Answer: (B) Pennar
Explanation: The Pennar has an independent drainage basin and reaches the Bay of Bengal in Andhra Pradesh. Tungabhadra and Bhima are major tributaries of the Krishna. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q80. Which listed river is not a tributary of the Godavari?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Wardha
(B) Wainganga
(C) Manjira
(D) Tel
Answer: (D) Tel
Explanation: The Tel is a tributary of the Mahanadi in Odisha. Wardha, Wainganga and Manjira belong to the broader Godavari river network. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q79. Which river makes an estuary?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Krishna
(B) Godavari
(C) Cauvery
(D) Tapi
Answer: (D) Tapi
Explanation: The Tapi flows towards the Gulf of Khambhat and forms an estuarine mouth. The other listed rivers flow east to the Bay of Bengal and form deltas. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q78. At which place do the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda join?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Rudraprayag
(B) Haridwar
(C) Devprayag
(D) Sonprayag
Answer: (C) Devprayag
Explanation: The headstreams converge at Devprayag in Uttarakhand. Downstream of this sacred confluence, the combined river is known as the Ganga. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q77. Which river originates in the region of Lake Manasarovar?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Ganga
(B) Yamuna
(C) Ravi
(D) Sutlej
Answer: (D) Sutlej
Explanation: The Sutlej rises near Rakshastal and Manasarovar in Tibet. It enters India in Himachal Pradesh and eventually becomes a major part of the Indus system. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q76. Bhakra–Nangal is a joint project of which states in the exam listing?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan
(B) Haryana, Punjab and Delhi
(C) Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab
(D) Punjab, Delhi and Rajasthan
Answer: (A) Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan
Explanation: The scheme distributes Sutlej waters for irrigation and electricity among northern states. The archived exam key highlights Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan as its principal beneficiaries. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q75. The Indus and Brahmaputra are examples of which drainage type?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Subsequent
(B) Superimposed
(C) Consequent
(D) Antecedent
Answer: (D) Antecedent
Explanation: Both rivers preserve trans-Himalayan courses and carve deep gorges through uplifted ranges. This pattern is typically described as antecedent drainage. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q74. Which city–river pairing is incorrect?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Ahmedabad–Sabarmati
(B) Hyderabad–Krishna
(C) Kota–Chambal
(D) Nashik–Godavari
Answer: (B) Hyderabad–Krishna
Explanation: Hyderabad is on the Musi River, a tributary of the Krishna, rather than directly on the Krishna itself. The three remaining city-river pairs are correct. Rivers shaped settlement, local trade routes and agriculture throughout the adjoining plains and valleys.
Q73. Which river flows through a rift valley?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Tapi
(C) Krishna
(D) Cauvery
Answer: (B) Tapi
Explanation: The Tapi runs westwards through a tectonically controlled trough south of the Satpura ranges. Its rift-valley setting distinguishes it from the other east-flowing rivers listed. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q72. Which river forms Majuli Island?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Cauvery
(C) Brahmaputra
(D) Krishna
Answer: (C) Brahmaputra
Explanation: Majuli is an inhabited river island in Assam enclosed by branches of the Brahmaputra system. Seasonal flooding and erosion continually modify its channels and banks. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q71. Which river is not trans-Himalayan?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Sutlej
(B) Brahmaputra
(C) Indus
(D) Ganga
Answer: (D) Ganga
Explanation: The Ganga forms at Devprayag from Himalayan headstreams, whereas the upper Indus, Sutlej and Brahmaputra originate beyond the main Himalayan crest. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q70. Which of these Himalayan rivers is not generally classified as antecedent?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Indus
(B) Sutlej
(C) Kali
(D) Brahmaputra
Answer: (C) Kali
Explanation: The Indus, Sutlej and Brahmaputra are classic trans-Himalayan antecedent rivers. Kali, in the provided classification, is not treated as an antecedent trunk stream. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q69. Which of the following is not a Ganga tributary?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Gandak
(B) Gomti
(C) Kosi
(D) Ghaggar
Answer: (D) Ghaggar
Explanation: The Ghaggar is an intermittent river draining northwest India and dissipating in arid plains. Gandak, Gomti and Kosi are all part of the Ganga catchment. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q68. Which is the largest brackish-water lake among these?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Lonar
(B) Pulicat
(C) Chilika
(D) Wular
Answer: (C) Chilika
Explanation: Chilika is the large brackish lagoon along the Odisha coast. Wular is freshwater, while Lonar occupies a meteor-impact crater in basalt. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q67. Which dam–river match is wrong?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Nagarjuna Sagar–Krishna
(B) Hirakud–Mahanadi
(C) Bhakra–Sutlej
(D) Ukai–Chambal
Answer: (D) Ukai–Chambal
Explanation: Ukai Dam is constructed across the Tapi in Gujarat, not across the Chambal. The other project–river combinations are correct. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q66. Through which countries or regions does the Brahmaputra flow?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Tibet, India and Bangladesh
(B) India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
(C) Bhutan, Nepal and India
(D) Sri Lanka, India and Bangladesh
Answer: (A) Tibet, India and Bangladesh
Explanation: The river starts as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, crosses Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in India, and continues into Bangladesh as Jamuna. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q65. Which is the highest dam in India among the options?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Tehri
(B) Bhakra Nangal
(C) Hirakud
(D) Nagarjuna Sagar
Answer: (A) Tehri
Explanation: The Tehri earth-and-rockfill dam rises high above the Bhagirathi in Uttarakhand. Its reservoir regulates Himalayan runoff for hydroelectricity and water supply. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q64. Marble Falls is associated with which river?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Cauvery
(B) Sharavati
(C) Narmada
(D) Godavari
Answer: (C) Narmada
Explanation: The famous Marble Rocks gorge and the nearby Dhuandhar cascade are located on the Narmada at Bhedaghat near Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q63. Which two rivers form the principal Ganga headstreams?
[WBCS Mains (2016)]
(A) Bhagirathi and Yamuna
(B) Bhagirathi and Alaknanda
(C) Mandakini and Yamuna
(D) Mandakini and Son
Answer: (B) Bhagirathi and Alaknanda
Explanation: The Bhagirathi and Alaknanda unite at Devprayag to form the named Ganga. The Yamuna is a separate major tributary meeting it later at Prayagraj. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q62. Which major river-linking pair had recently been connected through a diversion project?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2016)]
(A) Cauvery and Tungabhadra
(B) Godavari and Krishna
(C) Mahanadi and Son
(D) Narmada and Tapi
Answer: (B) Godavari and Krishna
Explanation: The Pattiseema lift irrigation project transfers Godavari water to the Krishna basin in Andhra Pradesh. The relevant river linkage was operationalised in 2015. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q61. Place Brahmaputra tributaries Lohit, Teesta, Subansiri and Sankosh from west to east.
[CDS-I General Knowledge (14 February 2016)]
(A) Teesta, Sankosh, Subansiri, Lohit
(B) Teesta, Subansiri, Sankosh, Lohit
(C) Sankosh, Teesta, Subansiri, Lohit
(D) Subansiri, Lohit, Teesta, Sankosh
Answer: (A) Teesta, Sankosh, Subansiri, Lohit
Explanation: Teesta and Sankosh join in the western part of the Brahmaputra system, while Subansiri and Lohit lie successively farther east. Thus the first sequence is correct. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q60. Which of these rivers flows in a rift valley?
[Chhattisgarh PSC Prelims (2016)]
(A) Cauvery
(B) Yamuna
(C) Son
(D) Tapi
Answer: (D) Tapi
Explanation: Tapi follows a fault-related trough from the Satpura region towards the Gulf of Khambhat. Its long straight reach resembles the Narmada’s rift-controlled drainage. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q59. Rajrappa is situated near the confluence of which rivers?
[Jharkhand PSC Prelims (2016)]
(A) Damodar and Bhera
(B) Damodar and Sherbukhi
(C) Damodar and Barakar
(D) Damodar and Konar
Answer: (A) Damodar and Bhera
Explanation: The Bhairavi or Bhera joins Damodar at Rajrappa in Jharkhand. This scenic meeting point is also known for the Chhinnamasta Temple. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q58. The Hirakud multipurpose project is on which river?
[WBCS Mains (2015)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Narmada
(D) Krishna
Answer: (B) Mahanadi
Explanation: The Mahanadi is harnessed at Hirakud near Sambalpur, Odisha. The project provides seasonal storage to reduce floods while supplying agricultural and industrial water. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q57. How was Wular Lake mainly formed?
[WBCS Mains (2015)]
(A) Oxbow formation
(B) Tectonic activity
(C) Terminal moraine blockage
(D) Continuous silt deposition
Answer: (B) Tectonic activity
Explanation: Wular is regarded as a tectonic freshwater lake in the Kashmir Valley. It is connected with the Jhelum and functions as a large natural floodwater reservoir. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.
Q56. Which confluence is located at Devprayag?
[WBCS Mains (2015)]
(A) Dhauliganga and Alaknanda
(B) Alaknanda and Bhagirathi
(C) Mandakini and Alaknanda
(D) Pindar and Alaknanda
Answer: (B) Alaknanda and Bhagirathi
Explanation: Devprayag marks the union of Alaknanda and Bhagirathi. Other Panch Prayag sites identify different upper Ganga tributary confluences. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q55. Which are tributaries of Godavari?
1. Vamsadhara;
2. Indravati;
3. Pranahita;
4. Pennar.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2015)]
(A) 1, 2 and 3 only
(B) 2, 3 and 4 only
(C) 1, 2 and 4 only
(D) 2 and 3 only
Answer: (D) 2 and 3 only
Explanation: Indravati and Pranahita contribute directly to Godavari discharge. Vamsadhara and Pennar belong to separate river basins draining towards the Bay of Bengal. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q54. Which dam is built across the Betwa River?
[UPPCS Prelims Re-exam (2015)]
(A) Luv Kush Barrage
(B) Rihand Dam
(C) Sharda Barrage
(D) Rajghat Dam
Answer: (D) Rajghat Dam
Explanation: Rajghat Dam forms part of a Madhya Pradesh–Uttar Pradesh river-valley project across the Betwa. The river eventually joins the Yamuna. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q53. Sind Sagar Doab lies between which rivers?
[WBCS Mains (2014)]
(A) Indus and Jhelum–Chenab
(B) Jhelum and Chenab
(C) Chenab and Ravi
(D) Ravi and Beas
Answer: (A) Indus and Jhelum–Chenab
Explanation: Sind Sagar Doab is a traditional Punjab interfluve between the Indus on the west and Jhelum–Chenab drainage to the east. Doab means land between rivers. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q52. The famous Jog or Gersoppa Falls occurs on which river?
[WBCS Mains (2014)]
(A) Cauvery
(B) Sharavati
(C) Periyar
(D) Krishna
Answer: (B) Sharavati
Explanation: The Sharavati plunges down the Western Ghats at Jog Falls in Karnataka. The water subsequently flows westwards to the Arabian Sea. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q51. What is the Indian name of the Yarlung Tsangpo?
[56th–59th BPSC Prelims (2014)]
(A) Ganga
(B) Indus
(C) Brahmaputra
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (C) Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Yarlung Tsangpo flows east through Tibet, bends around the eastern Himalayas and becomes the Brahmaputra system in India. It continues through Bangladesh as Jamuna. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q50. Which drainage groups fall into the Bay of Bengal?
1. Ganga, Brahmaputra, Godavari;
2. Mahanadi, Krishna, Cauvery.
[56th–59th BPSC Prelims (2014)]
(A) Group 1 only
(B) Group 2 only
(C) Neither
(D) Both groups
Answer: (D) Both groups
Explanation: Both sets contain east-flowing rivers feeding the Bay of Bengal. By contrast, major west-flowing peninsular rivers such as the Narmada and Tapi reach the Arabian Sea. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q49. Which rivers flow through Arunachal Pradesh?
1. Barak;
2. Lohit;
3. Subansiri.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2014)]
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
Explanation: Lohit and Subansiri drain the eastern Himalayas through Arunachal Pradesh. The Barak rises in the Manipur hills and subsequently forms part of the Meghna system. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q48. Which river rises in the Malwa or Amarkantak highlands and follows a western tectonic trough?
[UPPCS Prelims (2014)]
(A) Damodar
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Narmada
(D) Gandak
Answer: (C) Narmada
Explanation: The Narmada rises at Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh and flows west through the Narmada rift between the Vindhya and Satpura uplands. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q47. Which pattern is commonly formed by rivers of southern India?
[UPPCS Prelims (2014)]
(A) Radial
(B) Intermittent
(C) Dendritic
(D) Trellis
Answer: (C) Dendritic
Explanation: Dendritic drainage resembles the branches of a tree and commonly develops where underlying rocks do not strongly control channel direction. Many peninsular basins exhibit this pattern. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q46. Between which pair of mountain ranges does the Narmada Valley lie?
[MPPSC State Service Prelims (2014)]
(A) Bhander and Maikal
(B) Satpura and Aravalli
(C) Satpura and Vindhyachal
(D) Vindhyachal and Aravalli
Answer: (C) Satpura and Vindhyachal
Explanation: The Narmada follows a long tectonic valley between the Vindhya range to the north and Satpura to the south. This structural setting helps explain its westward course towards the Gulf of Khambhat. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q45. Why does the Narmada flow west although most large peninsular rivers flow east?
1. It occupies a rift valley;
2. It runs between Vindhya and Satpura;
3. All central Indian land slopes west.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2013)]
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) None
Answer: (A) 1 only
Explanation: The structural rift-valley course determines Narmada’s westward direction. A general westward slope of central India is false; the surrounding mountain location alone does not explain the tectonic origin. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q44. Which listed river does not originate in India?
[UPPCS Prelims (2013)]
(A) Beas
(B) Chenab
(C) Ravi
(D) Sutlej
Answer: (D) Sutlej
Explanation: Sutlej originates in Tibet near Rakshastal. Beas, Chenab headstreams and Ravi arise in the Himalayan region within India. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q43. Which west-flowing river passes between two mountain ranges?
[UPPCS Prelims (2012)]
(A) Sharavati
(B) Narmada
(C) Mahi
(D) Sabarmati
Answer: (B) Narmada
Explanation: Narmada runs between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges in central India, following a major tectonic trough towards the Gulf of Khambhat. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q42. Which river rises in Madhya Pradesh and empties into the Gulf of Khambhat?
[RAS/RTS Prelims (2012)]
(A) Parvati
(B) Luni
(C) Mahi
(D) Jawai
Answer: (C) Mahi
Explanation: Mahi emerges in Madhya Pradesh, passes through Rajasthan and Gujarat and ends in the Gulf of Khambhat. It also crosses the Tropic of Cancer twice. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q41. Which city is not located on the Ganga bank?
[53rd–55th BPSC Prelims (2011)]
(A) Fatehpur
(B) Bhagalpur
(C) Uttarkashi
(D) Kanpur
Answer: (C) Uttarkashi
Explanation: Uttarkashi stands on the Bhagirathi in Uttarakhand, rather than on the river named Ganga after Devprayag. Kanpur and Bhagalpur are major Ganga-bank cities. Rivers shaped settlement, local trade routes and agriculture throughout the adjoining plains and valleys.
Q40. Which Chhattisgarh district has territory in the Narmada basin?
[Chhattisgarh PSC Prelims (2011)]
(A) Rajnandgaon
(B) Raipur
(C) Bastar
(D) Korba
Answer: (A) Rajnandgaon
Explanation: Parts of Rajnandgaon district contribute drainage to the Narmada system. Most of the state, however, belongs to the Mahanadi and Godavari watersheds. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q39. The Bhagirathi emerges from which glacier snout?
[Chhattisgarh PSC Prelims (2011)]
(A) Gomukh
(B) Yamunotri
(C) Pindari
(D) Siachen
Answer: (A) Gomukh
Explanation: The Bhagirathi emerges from the Gangotri glacier at Gomukh in Uttarakhand. It meets the Alaknanda at Devprayag to form the river called Ganga. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q38. Which statement about the Luni is correct?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2010)]
(A) It enters the Gulf of Khambhat
(B) It enters the Gulf of Kutch
(C) It merges with an Indus tributary in Pakistan
(D) It dissipates in the Rann of Kutch
Answer: (D) It dissipates in the Rann of Kutch
Explanation: The Luni drains arid western Rajasthan towards low saline flats of the Rann of Kutch. It commonly ends without a permanent connection to the open sea. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q37. Which combination of rivers flows through Himachal Pradesh?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2010)]
(A) Beas and Chenab only
(B) Beas and Ravi only
(C) Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej only
(D) Beas, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Yamuna
Answer: (D) Beas, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Yamuna
Explanation: Himachal Pradesh is crossed or drained by all five named major Himalayan rivers. Together they connect to the Indus and Ganga river systems. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q36. Khari River is part of which sea-drainage system?
[RAS/RTS Prelims (2010)]
(A) Arabian Sea
(B) Inland basin
(C) Indeterminate drainage
(D) Bay of Bengal
Answer: (D) Bay of Bengal
Explanation: The relevant Khari river enters the Banas–Chambal network and thereby Yamuna and Ganga. Its waters ultimately drain towards the Bay of Bengal. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q35. Kopili is a tributary of which river?
[RAS/RTS Prelims (2010)]
(A) Gandak
(B) Kosi
(C) Ganga
(D) Brahmaputra
Answer: (D) Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Kopili flows across Meghalaya and Assam and joins the Brahmaputra system. Seasonal flooding and sediment deposition affect its lower valley. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q34. Which place gives rise to two rivers, one northward into the Ganga system and the other westward into the Arabian Sea?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2009)]
(A) Amarkantak
(B) Badrinath
(C) Mahabaleshwar
(D) Nashik
Answer: (A) Amarkantak
Explanation: The Son and Narmada rise in the Amarkantak area. Son eventually joins the Ganga after flowing northeast, whereas the Narmada runs west to the Arabian Sea. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q33. Which statements are correct?
1. Kerala has no east-flowing rivers.
2. Madhya Pradesh has no west-flowing rivers.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2009)]
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both
(D) Neither
Answer: (D) Neither
Explanation: Kerala includes eastward-draining headstreams such as Kabini and Bhavani. Madhya Pradesh gives rise to west-flowing Narmada, Tapi and Mahi; therefore both claims are false. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q32. Hagari is a tributary of which river?
[UPPCS Mains (2009)]
(A) Bhima
(B) Godavari
(C) Krishna
(D) Tungabhadra
Answer: (D) Tungabhadra
Explanation: Hagari, also known as Vedavathi, flows in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh and joins the Tungabhadra. The Tungabhadra is an important tributary of Krishna. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q31. Which river has the largest catchment among Narmada, Cauvery, Godavari and Krishna?
[UPPCS Prelims (2009)]
(A) Narmada
(B) Cauvery
(C) Godavari
(D) Krishna
Answer: (C) Godavari
Explanation: The Godavari catchment exceeds 300,000 square kilometres and is larger than the listed Krishna, Narmada and Cauvery basins. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q30. Which river–tributary pair is correct?
1. Chambal–Narmada;
2. Son–Yamuna;
3. Manas–Brahmaputra.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2008)]
(A) 1, 2 and 3
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 3 only
Answer: (D) 3 only
Explanation: Chambal joins the Yamuna, not the Narmada; Son joins the Ganga, not the Yamuna. Only Manas is correctly paired with the Brahmaputra. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q29. On which river is the ancient Grand Anicut located?
[UPPCS Prelims (2008)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Krishna
(C) Cauvery
(D) Vaigai
Answer: (C) Cauvery
Explanation: Grand Anicut, or Kallanai, is an ancient barrage built across the Cauvery in Tamil Nadu to divert water through irrigation channels. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q28. Which river originates at Amarkantak?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2007)]
(A) Damodar
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Narmada
(D) Tapi
Answer: (C) Narmada
Explanation: Narmada emerges at Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh and follows a westward rift course. Damodar rises in Chota Nagpur, Mahanadi in Chhattisgarh and Tapi near Multai. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q27. Assertion: Kali Nadi is an east-flowing South Indian river.
Reason: The Deccan Plateau slopes chiefly eastwards.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2007)]
(A) Both true, reason explains
(B) Both true, reason not explanation
(C) Assertion true, reason false
(D) Assertion false, reason true
Answer: (D) Assertion false, reason true
Explanation: The Kali River of Karnataka flows west to the Arabian Sea, so the assertion is false. The broader Deccan Plateau generally slopes east, supporting the reason. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q26. Arrange rivers from north to south: Shyok, Zanskar, Spiti and Sutlej.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2006)]
(A) Shyok, Spiti, Zanskar, Sutlej
(B) Shyok, Zanskar, Spiti, Sutlej
(C) Zanskar, Shyok, Sutlej, Spiti
(D) Zanskar, Sutlej, Shyok, Spiti
Answer: (B) Shyok, Zanskar, Spiti, Sutlej
Explanation: Shyok lies in the northern Ladakh–Karakoram system, followed southwards by Zanskar, Spiti and Sutlej. Their courses are separated by high Himalayan ranges. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q25. Which source–river statement is incorrect?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2006)]
(A) Mahanadi rises in Chhattisgarh
(B) Godavari rises in Maharashtra
(C) Cauvery rises in Andhra Pradesh
(D) Tapi rises in Madhya Pradesh
Answer: (C) Cauvery rises in Andhra Pradesh
Explanation: The Cauvery originates at Talakaveri in Karnataka’s Brahmagiri hills, not in Andhra Pradesh. The other source-region statements are correct. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q24. Rajghat River Valley Project is on which river?
[UPPCS Prelims (2006)]
(A) Ken
(B) Son
(C) Chambal
(D) Betwa
Answer: (D) Betwa
Explanation: Rajghat is a joint Madhya Pradesh–Uttar Pradesh project on the Betwa near Lalitpur. It provides canal irrigation and storage in Bundelkhand. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q23. Assertion: Narmada forms a delta at its mouth. Reason: It runs through a rift valley.
[UPPCS Mains (2005)]
(A) Both true, reason explains
(B) Both true, reason does not explain
(C) Assertion true, reason false
(D) Assertion false, reason true
Answer: (D) Assertion false, reason true
Explanation: Narmada normally enters the Gulf of Khambhat through an estuary, not a depositional delta. Its rift-guided course is a true geographical characteristic. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q22. Choose descending length order for Godavari, Mahanadi, Narmada and Tapi.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2003)]
(A) Godavari, Mahanadi, Narmada, Tapi
(B) Godavari, Narmada, Mahanadi, Tapi
(C) Narmada, Godavari, Tapi, Mahanadi
(D) Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, Mahanadi
Answer: (B) Godavari, Narmada, Mahanadi, Tapi
Explanation: Approximate lengths are Godavari 1,465 km, Narmada 1,312 km, Mahanadi 851 km and Tapi 724 km, placing them in the second sequence. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q21. Match these river–tributary pairs: Ganga, Godavari, Krishna, Yamuna with Son, Manjira, Bhima, Ken.
[UPPCS Mains (2003)]
(A) Son, Ken, Manjira, Bhima
(B) Ken, Manjira, Son, Bhima
(C) Manjira, Son, Bhima, Ken
(D) Son, Manjira, Bhima, Ken
Answer: (D) Son, Manjira, Bhima, Ken
Explanation: Son joins Ganga, Manjira joins Godavari, Bhima joins Krishna and Ken joins Yamuna. The complete sequence is the fourth option. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q20. The Brahmaputra is known by which name in Tibet?
[Jharkhand PSC Prelims (2003)]
(A) Padma
(B) Chakmudung
(C) Himjug
(D) Tsangpo
Answer: (D) Tsangpo
Explanation: The upper Brahmaputra is called Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet. It is known as Siang or Dihang in Arunachal Pradesh and Jamuna in Bangladesh. Himalayan sediment, seasonal floodwater and heavy rainfall strongly shape the river channels and adjoining plains.
Q19. Which river does not form an estuary?
[Jharkhand PSC Prelims (2003)]
(A) Narmada
(B) Tapi
(C) Mandovi
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (D) Mahanadi
Explanation: Mahanadi builds a delta along the Odisha coast. Narmada, Tapi and Mandovi instead meet the Arabian Sea in estuarine settings. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q18. What is the north-to-south order of these east-flowing rivers: Subarnarekha, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Pennar, Cauvery and Vaigai?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (2002)]
(A) Subarnarekha–Mahanadi–Godavari–Krishna–Pennar–Cauvery–Vaigai
(B) Subarnarekha–Mahanadi–Krishna–Godavari–Cauvery–Pennar–Vaigai
(C) Mahanadi–Subarnarekha–Godavari–Cauvery–Pennar–Vaigai–Krishna
(D) Mahanadi–Subarnarekha–Krishna–Godavari–Cauvery–Vaigai–Pennar
Answer: (A) Subarnarekha–Mahanadi–Godavari–Krishna–Pennar–Cauvery–Vaigai
Explanation: Along the eastern coast, river mouths progress southwards from Odisha and northern Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu in the stated first sequence. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q17. Assertion: Narmada and Tapi flow to the Arabian Sea while most large peninsular rivers flow east.
Reason: They occupy rift valleys.
[UPPCS Mains (2002)]
(A) Both true, reason explains
(B) Both true, reason irrelevant
(C) Assertion true, reason false
(D) Assertion false, reason true
Answer: (A) Both true, reason explains
Explanation: The two rivers follow fault-controlled westward corridors in central India. These tectonic depressions help account for their unusual direction and estuarine mouths. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q16. Jamshedpur is situated on which river?
[45th BPSC Prelims (2001)]
(A) Damodar
(B) Brahmani
(C) Subarnarekha
(D) Ajay
Answer: (C) Subarnarekha
Explanation: Jamshedpur developed alongside the Subarnarekha in Jharkhand, close to its confluence with the Kharkai. The rivers are significant for the industrial region. Rivers shaped settlement, local trade routes and agriculture throughout the adjoining plains and valleys.
Q15. Which river supplies the Triveni Canal?
[45th BPSC Prelims (2001)]
(A) Son
(B) Kosi
(C) Gandak
(D) Mayurakshi
Answer: (C) Gandak
Explanation: The Triveni Canal is linked to the Gandak in Bihar’s Champaran region. The project diverts river water for irrigation in nearby agricultural areas. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q14. Hundru Falls is located near which city?
[45th BPSC Prelims (2001)]
(A) Ranchi
(B) Hazaribagh
(C) Jamshedpur
(D) Bodh Gaya
Answer: (A) Ranchi
Explanation: Hundru Falls lies near Ranchi in Jharkhand, where the Subarnarekha plunges over an escarpment of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It is a well-known local attraction. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q13. Manas is a tributary of which river?
[44th BPSC Prelims (2000)]
(A) Godavari
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Krishna
(D) Brahmaputra
Answer: (D) Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Manas flows south from Bhutan into Assam and joins the Brahmaputra. Its basin includes internationally important forest and wildlife habitats. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q12. Which river occupies a fault trough?
[44th BPSC Prelims (2000)]
(A) Narmada
(B) Brahmaputra
(C) Ganga
(D) Krishna
Answer: (A) Narmada
Explanation: Narmada follows a tectonic trough between the Vindhya and Satpura highlands. This geological setting helps explain its westward course. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q11. Which city was named as the largest on the Ganga bank in this exam?
[44th BPSC Prelims (2000)]
(A) Varanasi
(B) Patna
(C) Kanpur
(D) Prayagraj
Answer: (C) Kanpur
Explanation: The historical exam key identifies Kanpur, an industrial city on the Ganga in Uttar Pradesh. Urban-size rankings are time-dependent and should be read in their exam context. Rivers shaped settlement, local trade routes and agriculture throughout the adjoining plains and valleys.
Q10. Shivanasamudra Falls is situated on which river?
[44th BPSC Prelims (2000)]
(A) Cauvery
(B) Krishna
(C) Godavari
(D) Mahanadi
Answer: (A) Cauvery
Explanation: Shivanasamudra Falls occurs where the Cauvery divides into channels around an island in Karnataka. The falls have been associated with early hydroelectric development. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q9. Which listed rivers flow westwards?
1. Narmada;
2. Tapi;
3. Rapti.
[43rd BPSC Prelims (1999)]
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) All three
Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
Explanation: Narmada and Tapi reach the Arabian Sea. Rapti, on the other hand, is part of the Ghaghara–Ganga drainage system and flows through the northern plains. Plateau slopes and underlying geological structures are especially important in determining peninsular drainage patterns.
Q8. Which east-flowing river has a rift valley formed by downwarping?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (1998)]
(A) Damodar
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Son
(D) Yamuna
Answer: (A) Damodar
Explanation: Damodar follows a fault-controlled structural basin through Jharkhand and West Bengal. Geological subsidence played a role in defining its valley. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q7. Arrange Kishanganga, Ganga, Wainganga and Penganga from north to south.
[UPSC CSE Prelims (1996)]
(A) Kishanganga, Ganga, Wainganga, Penganga
(B) Ganga, Kishanganga, Wainganga, Penganga
(C) Ganga, Kishanganga, Penganga, Wainganga
(D) Kishanganga, Ganga, Penganga, Wainganga
Answer: (A) Kishanganga, Ganga, Wainganga, Penganga
Explanation: Kishanganga lies in the far northern Himalayas, Ganga farther south, and Wainganga and Penganga are Deccan tributaries of the Godavari network. The wider drainage network links Himalayan tributaries with major alluvial floodplains and downstream deltas.
Q6. Which river repeatedly forks and reunites to form Srirangapatna, Shivanasamudra and Srirangam islands?
[UPSC CSE Prelims (1996)]
(A) Cauvery
(B) Tungabhadra
(C) Krishna
(D) Godavari
Answer: (A) Cauvery
Explanation: The Cauvery splits around rock and sediment islands at several points along its course through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, creating the named river islands. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q5. Which is the longest river among these within the traditional India-GK comparison?
[40th BPSC Prelims (1995)]
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Godavari
(C) Ganga
(D) Narmada
Answer: (C) Ganga
Explanation: The Ganga is India’s longest major river by the commonly cited national-course measure. Its basin extends from the Himalayas to the Bengal delta. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q4. Which is a land-bounded or inland-drainage river?
[40th BPSC Prelims (1995)]
(A) Tapi
(B) Krishna
(C) Luni
(D) Narmada
Answer: (C) Luni
Explanation: Luni flows across arid western Rajasthan into the Rann of Kutch flats rather than reaching the open sea through a permanent estuary. Regional relief, river outlets and tributary connections help distinguish the surrounding drainage basin geographically.
Q3. Hundru Falls is formed by which river?
[39th BPSC Prelims (1994)]
(A) Indravati
(B) Cauvery
(C) Subarnarekha
(D) None
Answer: (C) Subarnarekha
Explanation: The Subarnarekha descends sharply at Hundru near Ranchi. Erosion by this river has sculpted an impressive waterfall in the Chota Nagpur Plateau terrain. Waterfalls develop where river gradients shift abruptly, often across resistant rock or geological breaks.
Q2. River Damodar emerges from which region?
[39th BPSC Prelims (1994)]
(A) Tibet
(B) Chota Nagpur Plateau
(C) Near Nainital
(D) Western Someshwar Hills
Answer: (B) Chota Nagpur Plateau
Explanation: Damodar rises in the Chota Nagpur highlands and flows east through Jharkhand and West Bengal. Reservoir construction has reduced the scale of its historic flooding. Reservoir location, river discharge and terrain affect the supply of water for irrigation and electricity.
Q1. Which river sources are in the vicinity of Lake Manasarovar?
[39th BPSC Prelims (1994)]
(A) Brahmaputra only
(B) Sutlej only
(C) Indus only
(D) Brahmaputra, Sutlej and Indus
Answer: (D) Brahmaputra, Sutlej and Indus
Explanation: The Tibetan highlands around Kailash and Manasarovar are close to the source regions of several great Asian rivers, including the Indus, Sutlej and Brahmaputra. The balance of rainfall, inflowing streams, evaporation and coastal connections determines the waterbody’s character.