Constitutional Bodies

287

Q125. For CAG, which are correct:
(a) modelled on Advocate General under 1919 Act;
(b) impartial audit head;
(c) President may remove alone;
(d) six-year term?

[OPSC Odisha Civil Services Preliminary, 12 October 2025]

1. a and b
2. a and c
3. b and d
4. All four

Answer: (C) b and d

Explanation: The CAG is India’s independent audit head and normally has a six-year term subject to the retirement age. The constitutional removal mechanism parallels that of a Supreme Court judge; a President cannot remove the CAG unilaterally.

Q124. Under which Article is the Finance Commission established?

[SSC CGL Tier I, 22 September 2025 (Shift 1)]

1. Article 280
2. Article 268
3. Article 246
4. Article 365

Answer: (A) Article 280

Explanation: Article 280 establishes the Finance Commission. It is constituted by the President and recommends Union–State tax distribution, grants-in-aid principles and specified measures for strengthening State finances and resources for local institutions.

Q123. Which statement about Finance Commission recommendations is correct?

[SSC CGL Tier I, 19 September 2025 (Shift 1)]

1. They bind governments in every case
2. Members have constitutionally guaranteed life tenure
3. Recommendations are advisory, not legally binding
4. The Commission sends reports directly to Parliament for enactment

Answer: (C) Recommendations are advisory, not legally binding

Explanation: Finance Commission recommendations are advisory, despite the Commission’s constitutional status. The report is submitted to the President, who causes it to be laid before Parliament with an explanatory memorandum on the action taken.

Q122. Which amendment gave the National Commission for Backward Classes constitutional status?

[IB ACIO Grade II, 17 September 2025 (Shift 1)]

1. 97th
2. 99th
3. 103rd
4. 102nd

Answer: (D) 102nd

Explanation: The Constitution (102nd Amendment) Act, 2018 inserted Article 338B creating a constitutional National Commission for Backward Classes. It also inserted Article 342A relating to identification of socially and educationally backward classes.

Q121. The CAG office is provided under which Article?

[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I, 8 September 2025 (Shift 2)]

1. Article 324
2. Article 148
3. Article 280
4. Article 76

Answer: (B) Article 148

Explanation: Article 148 creates the office of Comptroller and Auditor General and provides for presidential appointment. Article 149 deals with audit duties, whereas Articles 280, 324 and 76 establish other constitutional authorities.

Q120. How many Vice-Chairpersons and additional members are in the National Commission for Scheduled Castes, besides its Chairperson?

[DSSSB TGT English, 24 August 2025 (Shift 3)]

1. Two and three
2. One and five
3. One and three
4. Two and four

Answer: (C) One and three

Explanation: The National Commission for Scheduled Castes has a Chairperson, one Vice-Chairperson and three other members. It investigates safeguards and complaints relating to Scheduled Castes and submits reports to the President under Article 338.

Q119. How many major Election Commission initiatives were launched on 1 May 2025 to improve electoral rolls and voting access?

[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I, 14 August 2025 (Shift 2)]

1. Six
2. Three
3. Two
4. Four

Answer: (B) Three

Explanation: The paper referred to three initiatives announced by the Election Commission on 1 May 2025. The measures sought to improve electoral-roll accuracy and the ease of voting, supporting wider voter participation.

Q118. Which National Voters’ Day edition was celebrated on 25 January 2025?

[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I, 14 August 2025 (Shift 2)]

1. Fifth
2. Fifteenth
3. Twentieth
4. Tenth

Answer: (B) Fifteenth

Explanation: The fifteenth National Voters’ Day was observed on 25 January 2025. National Voters’ Day was inaugurated in 2011 and falls on the anniversary of the Election Commission’s establishment on 25 January 1950.

Q117. CAG statements:
I. audits expenditure from Consolidated Fund;
II. controls issue and receipt of Consolidated Fund money;
III. audits substantially financed bodies.

Correct?

[UPSC CAPF Assistant Commandants, 3 August 2025]

1. I and II only
2. II and III only
3. I and III only
4. I, II and III

Answer: (C) I and III only

Explanation: The CAG examines spending from the Consolidated Fund and accounts of substantially government-financed bodies. Unlike some overseas comptrollers, the Indian CAG does not authorize or control releases from the Consolidated Fund.

Q116. Who is Chairperson of India’s GST Council?

[Haryana CET, 27 July 2025 (Shift 2)]

1. RBI Governor
2. Union Finance Minister
3. Finance Secretary
4. Prime Minister

Answer: (B) Union Finance Minister

Explanation: Article 279A names the Union Finance Minister as Chairperson of the GST Council. State finance or taxation ministers are members, along with the Union Minister of State responsible for finance or revenue.