Communist Party of India

VidyaarOctober 12, 20260112 views

Q80. When was the Congress Socialist Party (CSP) formed within the Indian National Congress?

[RRB NTPC (UG) CBT-I (14 June 2026, Shift 1)]

(A) 1947

(B) 1934

(D) 1952

Answer: (B) 1934

Explanation: The Congress Socialist Party emerged in 1934 as a socialist caucus inside the Indian National Congress. Its leading figures included Acharya Narendra Deva, Jayaprakash Narayan and Ram Manohar Lohia. It linked the freedom struggle with social and economic transformation.

Q79. In which year was the Communist Party of India (CPI) founded?

[DSSSB MTS (8 May 2026, Shift 2)]

(A) 1930

(B) 1915

(D) 1920

Explanation: The Kanpur communist conference in December 1925 established an organised communist party on Indian soil. An earlier communist group had been constituted at Tashkent in 1920. These two milestones explain why 1920 and 1925 sometimes appear together in historical accounts.

Q78. Which state elected the world’s first democratically elected communist government, with E. M. S. Namboodiripad as Chief Minister?

[SSC GD Constable (30 April 2026, Shift 3)]

(A) West Bengal

(B) Kerala

(D) Andhra Pradesh

Answer: (B) Kerala

Explanation: Kerala elected a government headed by E. M. S. Namboodiripad in 1957. The Communist Party of India emerged as the largest party and secured enough legislative support to form the ministry. This became an important landmark in parliamentary communism.

Q77. Which political party announced a nationwide protest for 18 November 2025 against atrocities on marginalised groups?

[RRB Group D (22 December 2025, Shift 2)]

(A) Aam Aadmi Party

(B) Communist Party of India

(D) Indian National Congress

Answer: (B) Communist Party of India

Explanation: The Communist Party of India announced the protest to raise concerns about violence and discrimination affecting marginalised communities. The question tests recognition of a contemporary CPI political initiative rather than a colonial-era event. CPI has a long history of organising social movements.

Q76. When was the All India Trade Union Congress established?

[DSSSB TGT Social Science (7 November 2025, Shift 3)]

(A) 1923

(B) 1917

(D) 1920

Answer: (D) 1920

Explanation: AITUC was organised in Bombay on 31 October 1920 to consolidate trade unions into a national labour platform. Lala Lajpat Rai became its first president. Its foundation coincided with post-war industrial unrest and the growth of organised working-class politics.

Q75. Who among the following is a founder of the Congress Socialist Party?

[UPSC CDS-II General Knowledge (14 September 2025)]

(A) Acharya Narendra Dev

(B) Jawaharlal Nehru

(D) Asoka Mehta

Answer: (A) Acharya Narendra Dev

Explanation: Acharya Narendra Deva was a leading founding figure and early president of the Congress Socialist Party in 1934. While Asoka Mehta was also associated with the socialist movement, the keyed choice identifies Narendra Deva as the principal founder in these options.

Q74. Who was the first President of the All India Trade Union Congress?

[Patna High Court Mazdoor (22 June 2025)]

(A) B. T. Ranadive

(B) Satya Bhakta

(D) N. M. Joshi

Answer: (C) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai chaired the first AITUC session held in Bombay in 1920. The organisation coordinated workers across industries and became a national labour voice. N. M. Joshi was important in union organisation but was not its first president.

Q73. Which freedom fighter pioneered Marxist and communist ideas and helped lay the foundation for the Communist Party of India?

[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (14 June 2025, Shift 2)]

(A) Pulin Das

(B) Purushottamdas

(D) M. N. Roy

Answer: (D) M. N. Roy

Explanation: M. N. Roy was an early Indian Marxist who worked internationally in communist politics. He helped establish a communist organisation at Tashkent in 1920. His role must be distinguished from the formal communist conference held later in Kanpur in 1925.

Q72. Who was the first president of the All India Trade Union Congress established in 1920?

[MPSC Group C Prelims 2024 (held 1 June 2025)]

(A) Lala Lajpat Rai

(B) Lokmanya Tilak

(D) Ashok Mehta

Answer: (A) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai presided over AITUC when the all-India labour federation began in 1920. Its establishment brought regional unions under a wider platform. Tilak and Dange were prominent public figures, but neither held the initial AITUC presidency.

Q71. When and where was the Communist Party of India established?

[MPPSC Assistant Professor, History Paper II (1 June 2025)]

(A) October 1920, Tashkent

(B) December 1925, Kanpur

(D) September 1926, Singapore

Answer: (B) December 1925, Kanpur

Explanation: December 1925 at Kanpur marks the organisation of the CPI on Indian soil through an all-India communist conference. An earlier émigré communist group was formed at Tashkent in October 1920; the question specifically targets the recognised Kanpur founding milestone.

Q70. The first President of the All India Trade Union Congress was ______.

[Allahabad High Court Stenographer (5 January 2025, Shift 1)]

(A) Lala Lajpat Rai

(B) C. Rajagopalachari

(D) Chandra Shekhar Azad

Answer: (A) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai was chosen to head the AITUC at its inaugural Bombay conference in 1920. A prominent nationalist, he linked labour organisation with the independence movement. The union federation sought better wages, rights and working conditions.

Q69. All India Trade Union Congress was formed in the year

[70th BPSC Re-exam (4 January 2025)]

(A) 1920

(B) 1919

(D) More than one of the above

Answer: (A) 1920

Explanation: The national federation AITUC came into being in 1920, though earlier labour unions had already appeared in particular cities and industries. The organisation helped workers coordinate demands and participate more visibly in the nationalist struggle. Its first president was Lala Lajpat Rai.

Q68. Consider the statements:
(1) CSP was formed in January 1934.
(2) Jawaharlal Nehru formally joined CSP.

Which is correct?

[UPPSC PCS Prelims, General Studies-I (2024)]

(A) Neither 1 nor 2

(B) Only 1

(D) Only 2

Answer: (A) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: The first major socialist gathering occurred at Patna in May 1934, while the all-India party was organised at Bombay in October. Nehru sympathised with socialism but did not formally become a member of the Congress Socialist Party. Therefore both statements are incorrect.

Q67. Who was not a member of the Congress Socialist Party?

[WBCS Mains 2023, History Paper-III (18 August 2024)]

(A) Jayaprakash Narayan

(B) Ram Manohar Lohia

(D) Narendra Deva

Answer: (C) Firoz Shah Mehta

Explanation: Firoz Shah Mehta belonged to an earlier moderate generation of Congress leadership and died in 1915. The Congress Socialist Party was established only in 1934. Jayaprakash Narayan, Lohia and Acharya Narendra Deva were closely associated with its foundation.

Q66. Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was formed in the year

[Bihar Upper Primary Teacher TRE 3.0, Social Science (19 July 2024)]

(A) 1932

(B) 1934

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer: (B) 1934

Explanation: The CSP was launched in 1934 within the Indian National Congress by leaders advocating socialist approaches to independence and development. It encouraged the political organisation of workers and peasants. The party retained a relationship with Congress during the freedom struggle.

Q65. When was the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) established?

[SSC CGL Tier-I (24 September 2024, Shift 1)]

(A) 1926

(B) 1924

(D) 1920

Answer: (D) 1920

Explanation: AITUC was established on 31 October 1920 in Bombay as a national trade-union federation. Its first president was Lala Lajpat Rai. Do not confuse the federation’s founding year with the Trade Unions Act of 1926, which addressed trade-union registration.

Q64. Where was the Communist Party of India founded in 1925?

[MPPGCL Plant Assistant, Mechanical (1 June 2024, Shift 3)]

(A) Mumbai

(B) Kanpur

(D) Kolkata

Answer: (B) Kanpur

Explanation: Kanpur hosted the December 1925 communist conference that is generally cited for the CPI’s formal organisation in India. A communist group associated with M. N. Roy had existed earlier at Tashkent. The distinction between these locations is important in objective examinations.

Q63. When and under whose chairmanship was the All India Trade Union Congress formed?

[Bihar D.El.Ed (5 April 2024, Shift 1)]

(A) 31 October 1920, Lala Lajpat Rai

(B) 31 November 1920, N. M. Joshi

(D) 31 December 1920, Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: (A) 31 October 1920, Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: The AITUC founding conference began in Bombay on 31 October 1920, with Lala Lajpat Rai as its first president. The body united labour organisations and placed workers’ demands on the national political agenda. November has only thirty days.

Q62. Who was the first president of the All-India Trade Union Congress?

[Delhi Police Constable (2 December 2023, Shift 1)]

(A) Lala Lajpat Rai

(B) M. N. Roy

(D) Lokmanya Tilak

Answer: (A) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai became the founding president of AITUC in 1920. Lokhande was an earlier pioneer of trade unionism, while Roy was associated with the communist movement. These figures contributed to labour history in different periods and roles.

Q61. The All India Trade Union Congress worked for workers’ conditions. One of its main leaders was ______.

[Delhi Police Constable (30 November 2023, Shift 2)]

(A) Jyotirao Phule

(B) M. N. Roy

(D) M. G. Ranade

Answer: (B) M. N. Roy

Explanation: The paper associates M. N. Roy with the wider communist and labour movement that influenced trade unions. AITUC itself dates from 1920 and was initially presided over by Lala Lajpat Rai. Roy is better known as an early communist theorist.

Q60. The Communist Party of India was formed in 1925 at the first party conference in ______.

[Delhi Police Constable (20 November 2023, Shift 2)]

(A) Madras

(B) Kanpur

(D) Delhi

Answer: (B) Kanpur

Explanation: The Kanpur conference of December 1925 unified important communist groupings and is treated as the CPI’s formal foundation in India. Communists had already organised internationally, especially at Tashkent in 1920. The question explicitly refers to the first party conference in India.

Q59. The trial for the Meerut Conspiracy Case took place under whose viceroyalty?

[SSC JE Civil Paper-I (9 October 2023, Shift 1)]

(A) Lord Chelmsford

(B) Lord Reading

(D) Lord Hardinge

Answer: (C) Lord Irwin

Explanation: The Meerut Conspiracy Case began in 1929 while Lord Irwin served as Viceroy. The British prosecuted trade unionists and communist activists accused of revolutionary conspiracy. The widely publicised trial placed colonial attitudes towards organised labour under scrutiny.

Q58. Match parties with founding years:
(a) CPI(M),
(b) CPI,
(c) BSP,
(d) AITC;

years
1–1964,
2–1998,
3–1925,
4–1984.

[69th BPSC Prelims (30 September 2023)]

(A) a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2

(B) a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3

(D) a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2

Answer: (A) a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2

Explanation: The CPI dates its formal Indian foundation to 1925, while CPI(M) emerged from its 1964 split. The Bahujan Samaj Party began in 1984 and the All India Trinamool Congress in 1998. Correctly separating the two communist party dates resolves the match.

Q57. When and under whose chairmanship was the All India Trade Union Congress formed?

[Bihar STET TGT Social Science (18 September 2023, Shift 6)]

(A) 31 October 1920, Lala Lajpat Rai

(B) 31 November 1920, N. M. Joshi

(D) 31 December 1920, Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: (A) 31 October 1920, Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: AITUC was established at Bombay on 31 October 1920, with Lala Lajpat Rai heading its founding session. Its organisational purpose was to provide a united national platform for workers. The other options give incorrect dates or personalities.

Q56. At which place was the first meeting of the Congress Socialist Party held?

[CISF Constable Fireman (26 September 2023, Shift 1)]

(A) Calcutta

(B) Patna

(D) Bhagalpur

Answer: (B) Patna

Explanation: The first major gathering of Congress socialists took place in Patna on 17 May 1934. Jayaprakash Narayan convened socialist colleagues, and Acharya Narendra Deva presided. A later all-India meeting in Bombay helped consolidate the party that October.

Q55. Where was the first All India Congress Socialist Conference held?

[Bihar Primary Teacher (24 August 2023, Shift 2)]

(A) Patna

(B) Bhagalpur

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer: (A) Patna

Explanation: Patna hosted the formative May 1934 gathering of Congress socialists, often described as the first all-India Congress Socialist Conference. The socialists later organised a Bombay conference in October. Acharya Narendra Deva and Jayaprakash Narayan were central figures.

Q54. Who formed the Bihar Socialist Party?

[Bihar Senior Secondary Teacher (26 August 2023, Shift 2)]

(A) Phulan Chand Tiwari and Rajendra Prasad

(B) Phulan Prasad Varma and Jayaprakash Narayan

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer: (B) Phulan Prasad Varma and Jayaprakash Narayan

Explanation: The Bihar Socialist Party of 1931 was an important precursor to the Congress Socialist Party. Phulan Prasad Varma worked with Jayaprakash Narayan and other provincial socialists. Such early groups helped create networks consolidated by the nationwide socialist initiative of 1934.

Q53. Who among the following founded the Congress Socialist Party in 1934?

[OSSC TGT (11 March 2023, Shift 2)]

(A) Jayaprakash Narayan

(B) Chittu Pandey

(D) Sheikh Abdullah

Answer: (A) Jayaprakash Narayan

Explanation: Jayaprakash Narayan helped found the CSP in 1934 with Acharya Narendra Deva, Ram Manohar Lohia and others. Its aim was to bring a more explicit socialist programme into the independence movement. Roy, in comparison, pioneered the communist movement.

Q52. Which Congress Socialist Party founder and Quit India participant withdrew from politics after independence?

[MPPGCL Junior Engineer Electrical (28 April 2023, Shift 1)]

(A) A. K. Fazlul Haq

(B) Acharya Narendra Dev

(D) Amir Chand

Answer: (C) Achyut S. Patwardhan

Explanation: Achyut Patwardhan helped establish the Congress Socialist Party and participated actively in underground resistance during Quit India. Following independence he withdrew from regular political life. Narendra Deva remained a prominent socialist intellectual and public leader.

Q51. Who wrote the essay ‘Gandhiji’s Leadership and the Congress Socialist Party’?

[UGC NET History Paper-II (28 February 2023, Shift 1)]

(A) Acharya Narendra Dev

(B) Purushottam Das Tandon

(D) Jayaprakash Narayan

Answer: (D) Jayaprakash Narayan

Explanation: Jayaprakash Narayan authored the essay examining the relationship between Gandhian leadership and socialist politics. As a CSP founder, he sought greater attention to economic inequality within the nationalist movement. His writing reflected debates over methods, leadership and socialism.

Q50. Arrange these organisations chronologically: A Hind Mazdoor Sabha; B CITU; C AITUC; D Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh; E INTUC.

[UGC NET Political Science Paper-II (6 March 2023, Shift 2)]

(A) C, D, A, E, B

(B) C, E, A, D, B

(D) E, B, C, D, A

Answer: (B) C, E, A, D, B

Explanation: AITUC dates to 1920, INTUC to 1947, Hind Mazdoor Sabha to 1948, Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh to 1955 and CITU to 1970. Their founding dates show the growing plurality of Indian central trade-union federations.

Q49. Arrange chronologically:
(i) AITUC,
(ii) INTUC,
(iii) Independent Labour Party,
(iv) Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.

[KVS PGT History (18 February 2023, Shift 1)]

(A) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)

(B) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)

(D) (i), (iv), (iii), (ii)

Answer: (D) (i), (iv), (iii), (ii)

Explanation: AITUC was organised in 1920, HSRA took its socialist republican name in 1928, Ambedkar’s Independent Labour Party was founded in 1936, and INTUC followed in 1947. The correct order places the first national union federation before the later organisations.

Q48. Which trade-union and political-party pairing is incorrect:
(1) AITUC–CPI,
(2) INTUC–Congress,
(3) Hind Mazdoor Sabha–BJP,
(4) CITU–CPI(M)?

[RPSC Senior Teacher Grade II GK (12 February 2023, Shift 1)]

(A) Pair 1

(B) Pair 2

(D) Pair 4

Answer: (C) Pair 3

Explanation: AITUC has long been associated with CPI and CITU with CPI(M), whereas INTUC is linked to Congress. Hind Mazdoor Sabha is not the trade-union arm of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Comparing union affiliations helps distinguish organisations with similar names.

Q47. Where was the Communist Party of India founded in 1920?

[SSC GD Constable 2022 (13 February 2023, Shift 1)]

(A) Andijan

(B) Bukhara

(D) Namangan

Answer: (C) Tashkent

Explanation: The émigré communist organisation associated with M. N. Roy began in Tashkent in 1920. The CPI’s formal foundation on Indian soil is commonly dated to the Kanpur communist conference of 1925. The question’s year is the clue selecting Tashkent.

Q46. As of October 2022, who was General Secretary of the Communist Party of India?

[SSC GD Constable 2022 (10 January 2023, Shift 2)]

(A) Sitaram Yechury

(B) D. Raja

(D) Binoy Viswam

Answer: (B) D. Raja

Explanation: D. Raja was CPI general secretary in October 2022, having taken the role in 2019. The question tests leadership at a specified historical date, not a permanent officeholder. The CPI and CPI(M) are distinct parties with separate organisational leadership.

2022 PYQs

Q45. In which year was the Congress Socialist Party established?

[Delhi Police Head Constable Ministerial (17 October 2022, Shift 3)]

(A) 1934

(B) 1933

(D) 1932

Answer: (A) 1934

Explanation: The Congress Socialist Party took organisational shape in 1934 during a period of debate about economic justice and political strategy. Its prominent socialists included Jayaprakash Narayan, Narendra Deva and Ram Manohar Lohia. It functioned initially within the Congress.

Q44. The Congress Socialist Party was formed within Congress in which year?

[MP Vyapam Sub Engineer Civil (7 November 2022, Shift 1)]

(A) 1929

(B) 1934

(D) 1948

Answer: (B) 1934

Explanation: The CSP emerged in 1934 after activists within the national movement advocated an organised socialist platform. It emphasised labour and peasant interests and social equality. The party was formed well before independence, unlike some socialist parties of the post-1947 period.

Q43. The first President of the All India Trade Union Congress was _____.

[SSC CPO Tier-I (11 November 2022, Shift 2)]

(A) C. Rajagopalachari

(B) Lala Lajpat Rai

(D) Motilal Nehru

Answer: (B) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai headed the AITUC when it was created in Bombay in 1920. Workers’ organisations sought a coordinated voice on wages, industrial conditions and rights. The founding presidency is separate from later involvement by prominent Congress and communist leaders.

Q42. The Communist Party of India was founded at ______ in October 1920.

[SSC CPO Tier-I (10 November 2022, Shift 1)]

(A) Calcutta

(B) Britain

(D) Tashkent

Answer: (D) Tashkent

Explanation: The 1920 foundation refers to M. N. Roy’s émigré communist group at Tashkent, then in Soviet Central Asia. The CPI also traces its formal Indian party conference to Kanpur in December 1925. The wording explicitly mentions October 1920.

Q41. The Communist Party of India was formed by ______ in 1920.

[MPSC Subordinate Services (ASO) Mains 2021, held 31 July 2022]

(A) N. M. Joshi

(B) S. A. Dange

(D) R. P. Dutt

Answer: (C) M. N. Roy

Explanation: M. N. Roy played a leading role in organising Indian communist activity abroad in 1920, notably at Tashkent. A separate all-India gathering later met at Kanpur in 1925. The question uses the earlier historical milestone and asks for its principal organiser.

Q40. When was the Communist Party of India (Marxist) formed?

[MPSC Rajyaseva Prelims (23 January 2022)]

(A) 1956

(B) 1986

(D) 1964

Answer: (D) 1964

Explanation: The CPI(M) formed in 1964 after an ideological split in the Communist Party of India. Disagreements on strategy and international communist politics contributed to the division. It should not be confused with the original CPI’s founding conference of 1925.

Q39. Which of these pairs is not correctly matched?

[UPPSC AE Electrical Paper-II (29 May 2022)]

(A) M. A. Ansari—Kanpur Conspiracy Case

(B) Batukeshwar Dutt—Assembly Bomb Case

(D) Surya Sen—Chittagong Revolt

Answer: (A) M. A. Ansari—Kanpur Conspiracy Case

Explanation: M. A. Ansari was not an accused in the 1924 Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case. Figures linked with that prosecution included S. A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmad, Shaukat Usmani and Nalini Gupta. The remaining associations concern other well-known revolutionary incidents.

Q38. In which year was the All India Trade Union Congress established?

[WBCS Mains 2021, Paper-III (held May 2022)]

(A) 1915

(B) 1918

(D) 1920

Answer: (D) 1920

Explanation: The AITUC emerged at Bombay in 1920 and became an all-India federation representing organised workers. Lala Lajpat Rai was the founding president. Its establishment occurred soon after World War I, a period marked by industrial unrest and inflation.

Q37. Which sequence correctly orders NCP, CPI, BJP and AIADMK by formation year?

[ICAR Technician (28 February 2022, Shift 2)]

(A) NCP, BJP, CPI, AIADMK

(B) BJP, AIADMK, NCP, CPI

(D) CPI, AIADMK, BJP, NCP

Answer: (D) CPI, AIADMK, BJP, NCP

Explanation: The CPI’s Indian founding is dated 1925, preceding AIADMK in 1972, the BJP in 1980 and the NCP in 1999. Understanding the CPI’s earlier place in party history makes it the first element in this chronological sequence.

Q36. Who formed the Bihar Socialist Party in 1931?

[67th BPSC Prelims (8 May 2022)]

(A) Phulan Chand Tiwari and Rajendra Prasad

(B) Phulan Prasad Varma and Jayaprakash Narayan

(D) Swami Sahajananda and Swami Yogananda

(E) None of the above / More than one of the above

Answer: (B) Phulan Prasad Varma and Jayaprakash Narayan

Explanation: Phulan Prasad Varma worked with Jayaprakash Narayan and other leaders in the early Bihar socialist movement. Provincial socialist organisation in 1931 provided a political background for the Congress Socialist Party established nationally in 1934. The two organisations are not identical.

Q35. Who was the first president of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)?

[UKPSC RO/ARO (2022)]

(A) Dewan Chaman Lal

(B) Lala Lajpat Rai

(D) C. R. Das

Answer: (B) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai presided over AITUC at its 1920 foundation. Dewan Chaman Lal held a prominent organising office, and C. R. Das was associated with later AITUC sessions. Distinguishing the first president from other senior labour leaders is essential.

Q34. Who among the following was NOT associated with the Kanpur Conspiracy Case of 1924?

[UPPSC PCS Prelims (24 October 2021)]

(A) Muzaffar Ahmad

(B) Nalini Gupta

(D) M. A. Ansari

Answer: (D) M. A. Ansari

Explanation: M. A. Ansari was a Congress leader, not an accused in the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case. Muzaffar Ahmad, Nalini Gupta and Shaukat Usmani were named in the communist prosecution. The case brought left-wing organising activities into national attention.

Q33. Consider:
(1) CSP grew under Narendra Deva and Jayaprakash Narayan in 1934.
(2) Nehru urged Congress toward socialism in 1936.

Which is correct?

[UPSC CAPF Paper-I (8 August 2021)]

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2

Explanation: Both developments reflect the rising socialist tendency in the freedom movement. Congress socialists organised a distinct caucus in 1934, while Nehru increasingly stressed workers, peasants and socialist ideals. The movements overlapped intellectually even though Nehru did not formally join CSP.

Q32. Philip Spratt, an Englishman, was convicted in which case?

[Bihar Police SI Prelims (26 December 2021, Shift 1)]

(A) Meerut Conspiracy Case

(B) Lahore Conspiracy Case

(D) Chittagong Conspiracy Case

Answer: (A) Meerut Conspiracy Case

Explanation: Philip Spratt was a British communist activist implicated in the Meerut Conspiracy Case of 1929. The prosecution targeted trade unionists and communists allegedly organising against colonial rule. International participation and attention made the trial an important episode of Indian labour history.

Q31. In which year was the Communist Party of India formed?

[SSC GD Constable (22 November 2021, Shift 1)]

(A) 1940

(B) 1943

(D) 1925

Answer: (D) 1925

Explanation: The Communist Party of India’s formal organisation at Kanpur occurred in December 1925. This was preceded by the formation of a communist group at Tashkent in 1920. The standard date for the party conference in India is 1925.

Q30. When was the Communist Party of India founded in India?

[UP Police Sub-Inspector (1 December 2021, Shift 1)]

(A) 1935

(B) 1907

(D) 1929

Explanation: The phrasing “in India” points to the Kanpur conference of December 1925. Earlier communist initiatives abroad, especially the Tashkent group in 1920, are part of the wider origins of Indian communism. The geographical distinction resolves the question.

Q29. Arrange chronologically:
A AITUC;
B INTUC;
C Independent Labour Party;
D HSRA.

[UGC NET History (29 November 2021, Shift 1)]

(A) B, D, C, A

(B) A, C, D, B

(D) A, D, C, B

Answer: (D) A, D, C, B

Explanation: AITUC began in 1920, the HSRA name dates to 1928, Ambedkar founded the Independent Labour Party in 1936, and INTUC was established in 1947. These milestones trace different revolutionary, labour and political organisations over three decades.

Q28. Who was the first president of the All India Trade Union Congress?

[UGC NET History (29 November 2021, Shift 1)]

(A) Lala Lajpat Rai

(B) Dewan Chaman Lal

(D) N. M. Joshi

Answer: (A) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai was selected as the first president of AITUC in 1920. Joseph Baptista and N. M. Joshi contributed to labour organisation, and Dewan Chaman Lal held a key secretarial role. The question tests the founding presidency specifically.

Q27. Which statement about CPI during the 1962 India–China War is correct?

[UGC NET History (29 November 2021, Shift 1)]

(A) One wing supported the Indian government against the Chinese attack

(B) CPI(M) already existed and supported China

(D) CPI(M) joined worldwide revolutionary groups

Answer: (A) One wing supported the Indian government against the Chinese attack

Explanation: The 1962 war exposed deep divisions inside the Communist Party of India; one faction backed the Indian government. CPI(M) did not exist as a separate party until the split in 1964, making references to a CPI(M) wing in 1962 anachronistic.

Q26. In which year was the Communist Party of India (Marxist) formed?

[SSC MTS 2020 (18 October 2021, Shift 3)]

(A) 1962

(B) 1951

(D) 1964

Answer: (D) 1964

Explanation: The Communist Party of India (Marxist) emerged following a split in the CPI in 1964. Its foundation reflects divisions over ideological outlook and communist strategy. The original CPI’s Kanpur founding of 1925 belongs to a different historical episode.

Q25. Which Indian revolutionary helped found a communist party in Mexico?

[SSC Stenographer (12 November 2021, Shift 2)]

(A) S. A. Dange

(B) M. N. Roy

(D) S. V. Ghate

Answer: (B) M. N. Roy

Explanation: M. N. Roy was internationally active and helped create the Mexican Communist Party, usually dated to 1919. He later took part in the early Indian communist organisation at Tashkent in 1920. His political work extended well beyond the subcontinent.

Q24. Which is the oldest trade-union organisation among these?

[RRB NTPC CBT-I (4 February 2021, Shift 2)]

(A) INTUC

(B) BMS

(D) CITU

Answer: (C) AITUC

Explanation: AITUC was established in 1920, earlier than INTUC, Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh and CITU. It originally provided a nationwide platform for regional workers’ unions. Over time, different political ideologies led to the creation of other central trade-union federations.

Q23. Who was the first president of the All India Trade Union Congress?

[MPSC Subordinate Services Mains (PSI), 2021]

(A) N. M. Joshi

(B) Lokmanya Tilak

(D) Shripad Amrut Dange

Answer: (C) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai headed AITUC at its founding conference in Bombay in October 1920. Other figures in the choices made important contributions to labour and nationalist politics. Founding-year leadership should not be confused with later union influences.

Q22. Who contributed to AITUC formation?
1 Lajpat Rai,
2 Tilak,
3 Joseph Baptista,
4 N. M. Joshi,
5 Dewan Chaman Lall

[Punjab Civil Service Prelims Paper-I (2020)]

(A) Only 1, 4 and 5

(B) Only 1, 3 and 4

(D) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Answer: (C) Only 1, 3, 4 and 5

Explanation: The keyed list includes Lajpat Rai, Joseph Baptista, N. M. Joshi and Dewan Chaman Lall. They helped establish AITUC as a national labour federation in 1920. Tilak is not included in the specified founding group in this paper.

Q21. Jayaprakash Narayan helped form which parties?
A CSP,
B Bhoodan Andolan Party,
C Praja Socialist Party,
D Democratic Praja Socialist Party

[UGC NET Political Science (9 October 2020)]

(A) A and B only

(B) B and C only

(D) A and C only

Answer: (D) A and C only

Explanation: Jayaprakash Narayan was central to the Congress Socialist Party in 1934 and later associated with the Praja Socialist Party. Bhoodan was a land-donation movement, not a party under that name. The question links his early socialist politics to later formations.

Q20. Who were jailed in the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case of 1924?

[UPSC CAPF Paper-I (18 August 2019)]

(A) Muzaffar Ahmad, S. A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani, Nalini Gupta

(B) Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Usmani

(D) Muzaffar Ahmad and S. S. Mirajkar

Answer: (A) Muzaffar Ahmad, S. A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani, Nalini Gupta

Explanation: The Kanpur Bolshevik case prosecuted emerging communists in 1924. Muzaffar Ahmad, S. A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani and Nalini Gupta were among those associated with the proceedings. The colonial government attempted to portray revolutionary communist organisation as a criminal conspiracy.

Q19. Which organisation–founder pairing is NOT correctly matched?

[UPSC CAPF Paper-I (18 August 2019)]

(A) National Liberation Federation—Tej Bahadur Sapru and M. R. Jayakar

(B) Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind—Mahmud Hasan

(D) Congress Socialist Party—M. N. Roy

Answer: (D) Congress Socialist Party—M. N. Roy

Explanation: M. N. Roy belonged to the early communist movement, whereas the Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934 by leaders including Jayaprakash Narayan and Acharya Narendra Deva. Confusing socialist Congress politics with Roy’s communist organisation causes the incorrect pairing.

Q18. Who was the first president of the All India Trade Union Congress?

[RPF Constable 2018 (8 February 2019)]

(A) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

(B) Vallabhbhai Patel

(D) N. M. Joshi

Answer: (C) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: The first AITUC president was Lala Lajpat Rai in 1920. N. M. Joshi was a major organiser, but not the inaugural president. The federation helped articulate workers’ concerns within the broad freedom movement and beyond.

Q17. Who was the first president of the All India Trade Union Congress established in 1920?

[NVS TGT Social Science (2019)]

(A) M. K. Gandhi

(B) Dewan Chaman Lal

(D) Madan Mohan Malaviya

Answer: (C) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai led the AITUC when it was founded in 1920. Although Gandhi and other nationalist figures supported workers’ issues, they did not hold its first presidency. AITUC became a central federation coordinating trade-union interests.

Q16. Which is the oldest trade-union organisation in India among the following?

[WBPSC Food Sub-Inspector (2019)]

(A) INTUC

(B) CITU

(D) BMS

Answer: (C) AITUC

Explanation: AITUC predates the other listed central federations, having been founded in 1920. INTUC emerged after independence, and BMS and CITU appeared later still. This chronology reflects successive waves of organisation in India’s labour movement.

Q15. Who was elected first President of AITUC on 31 October 1920?

[WBCS Prelims (2018)]

(A) V. V. Giri

(B) Subhas Chandra Bose

(D) C. R. Das

Answer: (C) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: The foundation meeting of AITUC in Bombay selected Lala Lajpat Rai as president. Leaders such as V. V. Giri and C. R. Das also took part in the history of organised labour, but the initial officeholder was Lajpat Rai.

Q14. Which organisation was originally established to provide Indian representation at the International Labour Organization?

[UPSC EPFO Labour Enforcement Officer (2018)]

(A) Madras Labour Union

(B) Textile Labour Association

(D) Bombay Mill Hands Association

Answer: (C) All India Trade Union Congress

Explanation: AITUC, created in 1920, provided a nationwide labour organisation capable of speaking for Indian workers in international forums. Its establishment followed the ILO’s creation in 1919. Other listed bodies were associated with local or industry-specific labour organisation.

Q13. Kanpur Conspiracy Case was framed against whom in 1924?

[DSSSB TGT Social Studies (15 October 2018, Shift 3)]

(A) Congress

(B) Hindu Mahasabha

(D) Newly emerging communists

Answer: (D) Newly emerging communists

Explanation: The British prosecuted newly emerging communist activists in the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case of 1924. The case centred on allegations of revolutionary plotting against colonial sovereignty. It publicised communist ideas in India despite its purpose of suppressing those ideas.

Q12. Communist Party of India (Marxist) was founded in which year?

[DSSSB TGT Social Studies (15 October 2018, Shift 3)]

(A) 1964

(B) 1984

(D) 1925

Answer: (A) 1964

Explanation: CPI(M) was created in 1964 when a major group separated from the Communist Party of India. It retained a communist programme but pursued its own organisational path. The original CPI’s formal Indian conference dates to 1925, not 1964.

Q11. What is the guiding principle of the Communist Party of India?

[DSSSB TGT Social Studies (14 November 2018, Shift 1)]

(A) Hindutva

(B) Religious minorities

(D) Gandhian secularism

Answer: (C) Marxism–Leninism

Explanation: The Communist Party of India has historically identified with Marxism–Leninism, emphasising class relations and socialist transformation. It combined parliamentary participation with mobilisation among workers and peasants. The other listed descriptions do not state the party’s defining political ideology.

Q10. Who among the Congress leaders represented the socialist view?

[UPSC CAPF Paper-II (12 August 2018)]

(A) Rajendra Prasad

(B) Acharya Narendra Dev

(D) Sardar Patel

Answer: (B) Acharya Narendra Dev

Explanation: Acharya Narendra Deva was a leading Congress socialist and early president of the CSP established in 1934. He promoted socialism, secular political thought and workers’ and peasants’ mobilisation. Other listed Congress leaders had different ideological profiles.

Q9. Which leader was NOT associated with the Congress Socialist Party?

[SSC CHSL (23 March 2018, Shift 1)]

(A) Acharya Narendra Dev

(B) Ram Manohar Lohia

(D) Subhas Chandra Bose

Answer: (D) Subhas Chandra Bose

Explanation: Bose had a radical nationalist outlook and later founded Forward Bloc, but was not a founder of the Congress Socialist Party. Narendra Deva, Lohia and Jayaprakash Narayan were central to the party established within Congress in 1934.

Q8. Arrange chronologically:
A Communal Award;
B Meerut Conspiracy Case;
C Vaikom Satyagraha;
D Guruvayur Satyagraha.

[TSPSC Group IV Paper-I (2018)]

(A) A, C, B, D

(B) B, A, C, D

(D) C, B, D, A

Answer: (D) C, B, D, A

Explanation: Vaikom Satyagraha began in 1924, the Meerut Conspiracy Case in 1929, Guruvayur Satyagraha in 1931 and the Communal Award appeared in 1932. Sequencing these dates places the colonial prosecution between the two temple-entry movements.

Q7. Which trial attracted international sympathy from Einstein, H. G. Wells, Harold Laski and Roosevelt?

[UPPSC Civil Services Prelims Paper-I (2017)]

(A) INA Trial

(B) Lahore Conspiracy Case

(D) None of the above

Answer: (C) Meerut Conspiracy Case

Explanation: The Meerut Conspiracy Case attracted international attention because the British prosecuted labour organisers and communist activists beginning in 1929. Prominent foreign intellectuals criticised or expressed sympathy over the proceedings. The accused also used the trial to publicise their political arguments.

Q6. Who was the first president of the Congress Socialist Party?

[TSPSC Forest Beat Officer Paper-I (2017)]

(A) Ashok Mehta

(B) Acharya Narendra Dev

(D) Achyut Patwardhan

Answer: (B) Acharya Narendra Dev

Explanation: Acharya Narendra Deva became an early president of the Congress Socialist Party in 1934. Jayaprakash Narayan played a key organisational role as general secretary. The party developed from socialist initiatives within the Indian National Congress.

Q5. Who was the first president of the Indian Trade Union Congress in 1920?

[CG TET Paper-II Social Science (2017)]

(A) Rajendra Prasad

(B) Lala Lajpat Rai

(D) Bipin Chandra Pal

Answer: (B) Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai headed the founding 1920 AITUC gathering in Bombay. The all-India organisation connected trade union activity with national political debates. Although other leaders were important in the freedom struggle, they did not preside over this inaugural congress.

Q4. Who headed the first elected communist government in India?

[DDA Assistant Section Officer (20 September 2017, Shift 2)]

(A) Jyoti Basu

(B) Sitaram Yechury

(D) E. M. S. Namboodiripad

Answer: (D) E. M. S. Namboodiripad

Explanation: E. M. S. Namboodiripad became Chief Minister of Kerala in 1957, heading an elected communist government formed by CPI with legislative support. The election demonstrated the possibility of a communist administration attaining power through parliamentary democracy.

Q3. Identify the incorrectly matched political party and founder.

[HTET TGT Social Studies (2017)]

(A) Jana Sangh—Syama Prasad Mookerjee

(B) Praja Socialist Party—N. G. Ranga

(D) Congress Socialist Party—Acharya Narendra Dev

Answer: (B) Praja Socialist Party—N. G. Ranga

Explanation: N. G. Ranga was a noted peasant leader, but the Praja Socialist Party emerged from a merger involving Socialist Party and Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party. Acharya Narendra Deva was correctly associated with founding the Congress Socialist Party in 1934.

Q2. Match leaders to organisations:
K. R. Iyengar,
Kelappan,
M. R. Masani,
M. M. Malaviya

with
Madras Mahajan Sabha,
Vaikom Satyagraha,
CSP and
Hindu Mahasabha.

[TNPSC Group II (2016)]

(A) Iyengar–Vaikom; Kelappan–Madras; Masani–Hindu; Malaviya–CSP

(B) Iyengar–Hindu; Kelappan–Vaikom; Masani–CSP; Malaviya–Madras

(D) Iyengar–CSP; Kelappan–Madras; Masani–Vaikom; Malaviya–Hindu

Answer: (C) Iyengar–Madras; Kelappan–Vaikom; Masani–CSP; Malaviya–Hindu

Explanation: M. R. Masani was an important founder of the Congress Socialist Party. Kelappan was associated with the Vaikom struggle. Correctly recognising the socialist association helps complete the matching exercise, which spans diverse social and political movements.

Q1. Consider CSP statements:
(1) boycott British goods and evade taxes;
(2) establish dictatorship of proletariat;
(3) separate electorates for minorities and oppressed classes.

Which are correct?

[UPSC CSE Prelims, General Studies-I (2015)]

(A) 1 and 2 only

(B) 3 only

(D) None

Answer: (D) None

Explanation: The CSP wanted a socialist transformation of independent India but did not advocate the dictatorship of the proletariat or separate electorates. The first statement describes methods associated with other strands of nationalist mobilisation rather than a defining CSP policy. All three are rejected.

2022 PYQs

Revolutionary Movements in India

Quit India Movement

Related posts

Awards and Trophies

Sports

Indian Security System