Q40. Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the 97th Constitutional Amendment?
[DSSSB Assistant Superintendent – 2026]
A. Recognition of cooperative societies as fundamental institutions
B. Introduction of GST in the Indian economy
C. Making compulsory education mandatory for children
D. Constitutional status to anti-defection law
Answer: A. Recognition of cooperative societies as fundamental institutions
Explanation: The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011, strengthened the constitutional position of cooperative societies. It aimed to encourage voluntary formation, democratic control, autonomous functioning and professional management, thereby addressing weaknesses in cooperative governance and protecting members’ interests.
Q39. Which Constitutional Amendment Act inserted a new Directive Principle relating to the promotion of co-operative societies by adding Article 43B to the Constitution of India?
[DSSSB Court Attendant – 2026]
A. 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011
B. 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016
C. 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003
D. 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002
Answer: A. 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011
Explanation: The 97th Amendment inserted Article 43B in Part IV of the Constitution. It directs the State to encourage voluntary cooperative formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management. These principles seek to improve cooperative accountability and institutional independence.
Q38. Article 243ZI of the Indian Constitution empowers the State Legislature to make laws regarding co-operative societies. Which principle is NOT included in its scope?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I – 2026]
A. Democratic member control
B. Compulsory State supervision
C. Autonomous functioning
D. Voluntary formation
Answer: B. Compulsory State supervision
Explanation: Article 243ZI emphasises voluntary formation, democratic member control, member-economic participation and autonomy. Compulsory State supervision is not among these principles. Following the Supreme Court’s 2021 judgment, Part IXB remains operative for multi-State cooperatives, not ordinary State cooperatives.
Q37. Which constitutional amendment gave constitutional status to cooperative societies?
[SSC GD Constable – 2026]
A. 73rd Amendment
B. 86th Amendment
C. 91st Amendment
D. 97th Amendment
Answer: D. 97th Amendment
Explanation: The 97th Constitutional Amendment introduced three significant changes relating to cooperatives: explicit recognition under Article 19(1)(c), a new Directive Principle under Article 43B and Part IXB. Its purpose was to promote more democratic, autonomous and professionally managed cooperative institutions.
Q36. Which Article, added by the 97th Amendment Act, 2011, promotes the professional management of co-operative societies?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I – 2026]
A. Article 43B
B. Article 43A
C. Article 48A
D. Article 38
Answer: A. Article 43B
Explanation: Article 43B promotes professional management alongside voluntary formation, democratic control and autonomous functioning of cooperative societies. It belongs to the Directive Principles of State Policy and guides governments in strengthening the organisational efficiency and independence of cooperatives.
Q35. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT with regard to cooperative societies?
[MP Police Sub-Inspector – 2026]
1. Part IX-B of the Constitution relates to cooperative societies.
2. Cooperative societies have been mentioned in the Constitution in the Directive Principles of State Policy.
3. Part IX-B of the Constitution is related to cooperative societies.
A. Only 1
B. Only 1 and 3
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. Only 2
Answer: C. 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: All three statements are correct, although statements 1 and 3 repeat the same fact. Part IXB concerns cooperative societies, while Article 43B addresses their promotion through the Directive Principles. The provisions were introduced by the 97th Amendment.
Q34. Under which Article of the Indian Constitution do citizens have the right to form associations, unions or co-operative societies?
[DSSSB TGT Social Science – 2025]
A. Article 19(d)
B. Article 19(b)
C. Article 19(c)
D. Article 19(a)
Answer: C. Article 19(c)
Explanation: Article 19(1)(c) guarantees citizens freedom to form associations, unions or cooperative societies. The 97th Amendment explicitly inserted cooperative societies into this clause, providing fundamental-right protection for voluntary collective organisation, subject to constitutionally permitted reasonable restrictions.
Q33. The 97th Indian Constitutional Amendment is related to which of the following?
[OSSSC CRE Preliminary Examination – 2025]
A. GST
B. Panchayati Raj
C. Anti-defection
D. Co-operative societies
Answer: D. Co-operative societies
Explanation: The 97th Amendment specifically addressed cooperative societies by modifying Fundamental Rights, introducing Article 43B and adding Part IXB. The reform recognised cooperatives’ socioeconomic importance while promoting transparent administration, member participation and independence from unnecessary interference.
Q32. Which Constitutional Amendment granted constitutional status to Co-operative Societies in India?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I – 2025]
A. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
B. 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
C. 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011
D. 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002
Answer: C. 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011
Explanation: The 73rd and 74th Amendments relate primarily to Panchayats and Municipalities. The 97th Amendment concerns cooperative societies. It strengthened constitutional recognition of cooperatives and sought to protect their democratic administration, organisational autonomy and professional management.
Q31. Which statement is correct regarding the legislative allocation of cooperative societies in the Constitution of India?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT-I – 2025]
A. It is a subject in the State List.
B. It falls under the Residuary (Union) List.
C. It is a subject in the Union List.
D. It is a subject in the Concurrent List.
Answer: A. It is a subject in the State List.
Explanation: Cooperative societies operating within a State fall under Entry 32 of the State List in the Seventh Schedule. State Legislatures primarily regulate them. Parliament separately legislates on multi-State cooperative societies under its constitutional powers.