80. Arrange:
1. Muslim League Pakistan resolution;
2. Gandhi–Irwin Pact; 3. Dandi March;
4. Second Round Table Conference.
[UPSC CDS-II General Knowledge (14 September 2025)]
A. 2, 3, 1, 4
B. 3, 2, 4, 1
C. 3, 4, 2, 1
D. 2, 3, 4, 1
Answer: B. 3, 2, 4, 1
Explanation: The chronological sequence is Dandi March in 1930, Gandhi–Irwin Pact in March 1931, second London conference in late 1931, and Lahore Resolution in 1940. Different campaigns sometimes overlap in historical surveys, so the event years are essential for a reliable sequence.
79. Who represented the Indian National Congress at the Second Round Table Conference?
[RRB NTPC UG CBT-I (8 September 2025)]
A. B. R. Ambedkar
B. C. R. Das
C. Mahatma Gandhi
D. Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: C. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi participated in the 1931 conference as the Congress representative. Ambedkar attended independently to argue for Depressed Classes’ rights. Congress boycotted the first conference during civil disobedience and returned to the second after the truce. Congress participation varied between the three London conferences.
78. Following the Gandhi–Irwin Pact, which Round Table Conference did Gandhi agree to attend?
[DSSSB ASO (22 August 2025, Shift 1)]
A. Third
B. Fourth
C. First
D. Second
Answer: D. Second
Explanation: The agreement of March 1931 committed the Congress to the second conference in London, unlike the first meeting which it had boycotted. The conferences fed into later constitutional proposals, although they did not grant India immediate independence. The minority-representation question proved especially difficult to settle.
77. According to the Dandi March passage, why was the march undertaken?
[SSC Stenographer (8 August 2025, Shift 2)]
A. To promote education
B. To protest the salt tax
C. To celebrate independence
D. To wage war
Answer: B. To protest the salt tax
Explanation: Salt taxation symbolized colonial injustice. The march dramatized the right of ordinary Indians to produce an essential commodity without oppressive monopoly restrictions. The march began in March and the symbolic lawbreaking at Dandi occurred on 6 April 1930.
76. Assess:
(a) Dandi March went roughly 240 miles from Sabarmati;
(b) It led to the Poona Pact.
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (24 June 2025, Shift 3)]
A. Only (a)
B. Only (b)
C. Neither (a) nor (b)
D. Both (a) and (b)
Answer: A. Only (a)
Explanation: The march covered approximately 240 miles in 1930. The Poona Pact concerned electoral representation and was concluded separately in 1932. Dandi was a deliberately public breach of law, unlike the earlier phase focused on withdrawing cooperation. The sequence also helps distinguish protest phases from later political settlements.
75. Assess:
(a) Round Table Conferences discussed constitutional reforms;
(b) Gandhi attended only the second conference.
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (23 June 2025)]
A. Only (a)
B. Neither (a) nor (b)
C. Only (b)
D. Both (a) and (b)
Answer: D. Both (a) and (b)
Explanation: All three London conferences concerned India’s constitutional future; Gandhi took part only in the second, held in 1931. B. R. Ambedkar participated in negotiations regarding political protection for the Depressed Classes. Congress participation varied between the three London conferences.
74. Who signed the Poona Pact for caste-Hindu representatives?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I (12 June 2025)]
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Vallabhbhai Patel
C. Rajendra Prasad
D. Madan Mohan Malaviya
Answer: D. Madan Mohan Malaviya
Explanation: Madan Mohan Malaviya signed on the caste-Hindu side and B. R. Ambedkar represented the Depressed Classes, under the pressure of Gandhi’s fast. Reserved seats were retained, but the Depressed Classes would vote within joint rather than separate electorates.
73. Which was NOT a Gandhi-side undertaking under the Gandhi–Irwin Pact?
[MPPSC Assistant Professor, Political Science (1 June 2025)]
A. Suspend civil disobedience
B. Not demand inquiry into police excesses
C. Participate in the British Indian government
D. Attend the Round Table Conference
Answer: C. Participate in the British Indian government
Explanation: The settlement did not place Congress in the colonial government. It concerned suspending the campaign, attending constitutional talks and certain limited governmental concessions. Release provisions excluded people convicted of violence, which formed part of contemporary criticism of the settlement.
72. The 1932 Poona Pact was associated with which pair of leaders?
[SSC GD Constable (19 February 2025, Shift 2)]
A. Nehru and Jinnah
B. Nehru and Ambedkar
C. Gandhi and Ambedkar
D. Gandhi and Jinnah
Answer: C. Gandhi and Ambedkar
Explanation: Gandhi opposed separate electorates for the Depressed Classes, while Ambedkar emphasized effective political safeguards; the resulting pact adopted reserved seats within joint electorates. The pact reflected a difficult compromise between Gandhi and Ambedkar over electoral safeguards and social unity.
71. Who led the 1930 Salt March to Dandi?
[SSC GD Constable (11 February 2025, Shift 3)]
A. Rajendra Prasad
B. Mahatma Gandhi
C. Vallabhbhai Patel
D. Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: B. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi marched from Sabarmati toward Dandi to challenge the salt laws, turning a familiar household necessity into a national political issue. Since salt was consumed by all communities, the protest linked national sovereignty with daily economic hardship. Regional leaders reproduced the method in other parts of the country.
