Q50. Which condition is not a viral illness?
[MP Patwari (2022 cycle), 20 April 2023]
- (A) Measles
- (B) Chikungunya
- (C) Diphtheria
- (D) Polio
Answer: (C) Diphtheria
Explanation: Diphtheria is caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and may form a dangerous throat pseudomembrane. Measles, chikungunya and polio are viral. Routine diphtheria-containing vaccines protect against severe illness and toxin-mediated complications.
Q49. Which one is non-communicable: chickenpox, common cold, diabetes or tuberculosis?
[SSC MTS (2022 cycle), 15 May 2023]
- (A) Chickenpox
- (B) Common cold
- (C) Diabetes
- (D) Tuberculosis
Answer: (C) Diabetes
Explanation: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that does not spread between individuals. Chickenpox and the common cold are infectious viral diseases, while tuberculosis is a bacterial infection. Non-communicable and infectious categories describe how diseases arise and spread.
Q48. Microorganisms that cause disease are known collectively as what?
[SSC MTS (2022 cycle), 16 June 2023]
- (A) Toxins
- (B) Pathogens
- (C) Decomposers
- (D) Antibodies
Answer: (B) Pathogens
Explanation: Pathogens are biological agents that cause disease, including selected bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and worms. A toxin is a harmful substance; an antibody is produced by the immune system. Most microorganisms are not human pathogens.
Q47. Which one of the following diseases is NOT classified as bacterial?
[RPSC RAS Prelims 2023, 1 October 2023]
- (A) Diphtheria
- (B) Plague
- (C) Pneumonia
- (D) Dengue
Answer: (D) Dengue
Explanation: Dengue is caused by a virus transmitted chiefly by Aedes mosquitoes. Diphtheria and plague are bacterial infections. Pneumonia has several possible causes, including bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, making dengue the unambiguously non-bacterial answer in this examination.
Q46. Tetanus is a nervous-system disorder caused by a toxin-producing what?
[RRB NTPC CBT-II, 17 June 2022]
- (A) Protist
- (B) Fungus
- (C) Parasitic worm
- (D) Bacterium
Answer: (D) Bacterium
Explanation: Clostridium tetani produces tetanospasmin, a potent neurotoxin that disrupts inhibitory nerve signalling and produces painful muscle spasms. Spores may enter through contaminated wounds. Vaccination, wound care and appropriate treatment prevent this serious bacterial disease.
Q45. Which listed condition is not caused by a bacterium?
[RRB Group D, 11 October 2022]
- (A) Tuberculosis
- (B) Syphilis
- (C) AIDS
- (D) Gonorrhoea
Answer: (C) AIDS
Explanation: AIDS is the advanced clinical syndrome of HIV infection and therefore has a viral cause. Tuberculosis, syphilis and gonorrhoea are bacterial. Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, while Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhoea.
Q44. Which disease is not ordinarily classified as sexually transmitted?
[RRB Group D, 26 August 2022]
- (A) Syphilis
- (B) Hepatitis B
- (C) HIV infection
- (D) Tuberculosis
Answer: (D) Tuberculosis
Explanation: Tuberculosis usually spreads through infectious airborne particles, especially from pulmonary disease. Syphilis and HIV can be sexually transmitted; hepatitis B may also spread by sexual contact. TB transmission depends primarily on respiratory exposure rather than sexual activity.
Q43. The Department of Biotechnology announced data-driven research in March 2022 to tackle which disease?
[RRB Group D, 12 September 2022]
- (A) HIV/AIDS
- (B) Tuberculosis
- (C) COVID-19
- (D) Cancer
Answer: (B) Tuberculosis
Explanation: The programme was announced on 24 March, World Tuberculosis Day, to strengthen research relating to TB elimination. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Surveillance, diagnostics, drug-resistance monitoring and effective treatment are important control tools.
Q42. Bharat Biotech partnered with Biofabri, a firm from which country, for TB vaccine development?
[RRB Group D, 1 September 2022]
- (A) Australia
- (B) United States
- (C) Canada
- (D) Spain
Answer: (D) Spain
Explanation: Biofabri is a Spanish biopharmaceutical company associated with tuberculosis vaccine development. New TB vaccine research seeks better protection against pulmonary disease. Existing BCG vaccination is particularly helpful against some severe forms of childhood tuberculosis, but protection is not complete.
Q41. Evaluate:
I. Tuberculosis is viral and airborne.
II. Chickenpox is viral and chiefly food/water-borne.
[SSC CPO Tier-I, 11 November 2022]
- (A) Only I is true
- (B) Only II is true
- (C) Both are false
- (D) Both are true
Answer: (C) Both are false
Explanation: Tuberculosis is bacterial, although pulmonary TB does spread through air; therefore statement I is false. Chickenpox is viral but is spread mainly by respiratory exposure and direct contact with lesions, not routinely through contaminated drinking water.
