Q100. Identify the incorrect statement about vitamins.
[UPPSC BEO, paper listed 2019, held 16 Aug 2020]
- (a) Some are produced by gut microbes
- (b) Some can act like hormones
- (c) Some can be stored in body
- (d) Vitamin K dissolves in water
Answer: (d) Vitamin K dissolves in water
Explanation: Vitamin K is fat-soluble, not water-soluble. Vitamins A, D and E also belong to the fat-soluble group, whereas most B vitamins and vitamin C dissolve in water. Some microbial synthesis occurs in the intestine.
Q99. Which vitamin chiefly supports coagulation of blood in humans?
[UPPSC PCS Prelims, 2020]
- (a) Vitamin K
- (b) Vitamin E
- (c) Vitamin A
- (d) Vitamin C
Answer: (a) Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K is needed for the activation of several clotting factors produced in the liver. Without it, clot formation may be delayed and bleeding prolonged. Dietary green leafy vegetables supply vitamin K1.
Q98. Which vitamin is effective in the process of blood clotting?
[66th BPSC Prelims, 2020]
- (a) Vitamin A
- (b) Vitamin B
- (c) Vitamin D
- (d) Vitamin K
- (e) None of these or more than one
Answer: (d) Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K has an antihaemorrhagic function because it is required to activate clotting proteins. Deficiency, which can occur with fat malabsorption, may produce excessive bleeding. It is a fat-soluble nutrient.
Q97. Legumes are nutritious especially because they provide a high amount of which macronutrient?
[66th BPSC Prelims, 2020]
- (a) Fat
- (b) Protein
- (c) Oil
- (d) Starch
- (e) None of these or more than one
Answer: (b) Protein
Explanation: Pulses and legumes supply substantial plant protein as well as fibre, minerals and folate. Combining legumes with cereals can improve dietary amino-acid balance. Their protein density makes them valuable in many vegetarian diets.
Q96. Milk is comparatively poor in which of the following nutrients?
[66th BPSC Prelims, 2020]
- (a) Calcium
- (b) Protein
- (c) Vitamin C
- (d) Carbohydrate
- (e) None of these or more than one
Answer: (c) Vitamin C
Explanation: Milk provides calcium, casein and whey proteins, lactose and several vitamins, but it generally contains little vitamin C. Fresh fruits and vegetables are much better sources of ascorbic acid and help prevent scurvy.
Q95. Which rich-source match is incorrect?
[UPPSC PCS Prelims, 2019]
- (a) Vitamin B1 — rice bran
- (b) Vitamin B2 — cod-liver oil
- (c) Vitamin E — wheat-germ oil
- (d) Vitamin K — alfalfa
Answer: (b) Vitamin B2 — cod-liver oil
Explanation: Cod-liver oil is principally associated with vitamins A and D, not riboflavin. Vitamin B2 occurs in foods such as milk, eggs and leafy vegetables. Wheat-germ oil contains vitamin E and rice bran provides B vitamins.
Q94. Assertion: most vitamins cannot be made in the human body.
Reason: human organs synthesise only essential micronutrients.
Which option applies?
[UPPSC PCS Prelims, 2019]
- (a) Both true, reason explains
- (b) Both true, reason does not explain
- (c) Assertion true, reason false
- (d) Assertion false, reason true
Answer: (c) Assertion true, reason false
Explanation: Most vitamins require a dietary source, though limited endogenous production exists. The reason is not a scientifically correct account of micronutrient synthesis, so the assertion is accepted while its proposed explanation fails.
Q93. Breast milk is almost a complete diet for newborns, but which mineral is present in relatively limited quantity?
[UPPSC PCS Prelims, 2019]
- (a) Iron
- (b) Calcium
- (c) Magnesium
- (d) Potassium
Answer: (a) Iron
Explanation: Human milk supplies highly bioavailable nutrients and immune factors but has a relatively low iron concentration. Healthy term infants use prenatal iron stores for their early needs, making age-appropriate feeding guidance important later.
Q92. Among orange, apple, carrot and amla, which food is rich in vitamin C?
[UPPSC PCS Prelims, 2018]
- (a) Orange
- (b) Apple
- (c) Carrot
- (d) Amla
Answer: (d) Amla
Explanation: Indian gooseberry, or amla, is particularly rich in ascorbic acid. Orange also supplies vitamin C, but amla contains more per comparable portion in common nutrient tables. Vitamin C is needed for collagen formation and iron absorption.
Q91. A triglyceride is classified under which class of nutrients?
[64th BPSC Prelims, 2018]
- (a) Protein
- (b) Carbohydrate
- (c) Fat
- (d) Mineral
- (e) None of these or more than one
Answer: (c) Fat
Explanation: A triglyceride consists of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acids. It is the main storage form of fat in human adipose tissue and delivers roughly nine kilocalories per gram when metabolised.
