Q80. In which year was NDMA first constituted under the Prime Minister by executive order?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate – 21 Aug 2025 | 2025]
A. 2005
B. 2010
C. 2007
D. 2008
Answer: A. 2005
Explanation: The National Disaster Management Authority was initially constituted by executive order in 2005 and later received statutory backing under the Disaster Management Act. Chaired by the Prime Minister, it guides policy for preventing, mitigating and responding to disasters across India.
Q79. Mining-related landslides and ground subsidence are commonly encountered in which states?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate – 19 Aug 2025 | 2025]
A. Assam and West Bengal
B. Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand
C. Rajasthan and Haryana
D. Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh
Answer: D. Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh
Explanation: Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh contain important mineral-bearing regions where excavation, underground workings and waste dumping can destabilise land. Mining-related subsidence differs from ordinary rain-triggered hill landslides, although both can endanger roads, buildings and nearby settlements.
Q78. What is the most common trigger of a tsunami?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate – 18 Aug 2025 | 2025]
A. Heavy rainfall and flooding
B. Subsea earthquake
C. Only volcanic eruption
D. Cyclones and high tides
Answer: B. Subsea earthquake
Explanation: An undersea earthquake may suddenly lift or lower a broad section of seabed, displacing the water column above it. The long tsunami waves spread outward and grow in height near shallow coasts. The 2004 Indian Ocean event followed this mechanism.
Q77. Which body is responsible for disaster management at the national level in India?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate – 18 Aug 2025 | 2025]
A. SDRF
B. IRDA
C. NDMA
D. NITI Aayog
Answer: C. NDMA
Explanation: The National Disaster Management Authority coordinates the national framework for reducing disaster risk. State and district authorities implement preparedness and response locally, while specialised response forces conduct rescue operations. Other bodies listed have distinct responsibilities outside national disaster policy.
Q76. What is the principal objective of ISRO’s SCATSAT-1 satellite?
[SSC Stenographer – 8 Aug 2025 | 2025]
A. Monitoring earthquake zones
B. Measuring ozone depletion
C. Weather forecasting and cyclone prediction
D. Mapping forest cover
Answer: C. Weather forecasting and cyclone prediction
Explanation: SCATSAT-1 measures ocean-surface wind conditions using scatterometry. Such data help meteorologists analyse cyclonic circulation and improve forecasts over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Wind observations are essential for assessing developing marine weather hazards.
Q75. Operation Brahma was launched by India in 2025 to support earthquake relief in which country?
[OSSC Junior Stenographer – 27 Jul 2025 | 2025]
A. Bangladesh
B. Nepal
C. Myanmar
D. Sri Lanka
Answer: C. Myanmar
Explanation: India launched Operation Brahma after a destructive earthquake in Myanmar, supplying relief equipment, medical assistance and search-and-rescue support. Although the disaster occurred outside India, the operation demonstrates Indian regional humanitarian assistance and emergency response capabilities.
Q74. Which instrument records seismic waves produced by an earthquake?
[SCL Assistant – 13 Jul 2025 | 2025]
A. Mercalli scale
B. Richter scale
C. Seismograph
D. Metric scale
Answer: C. Seismograph
Explanation: A seismograph detects and records ground vibrations caused by seismic waves. Its recording is called a seismogram. Richter and Mercalli are scales for describing different aspects of earthquakes, not instruments that physically detect motion at a station.
Q73. Arrange these Indian disasters earliest to latest:
A. Tamil Nadu tsunami
B. Bhuj earthquake
C. Odisha super cyclone
D. Koyna earthquake.
[UGC NET Geography – 29 Jun 2025 | 2025]
A. C, D, A, B
B. D, C, B, A
C. B, A, C, D
D. A, B, D, C
Answer: B. D, C, B, A
Explanation: The Koyna earthquake occurred in 1967, followed by Odisha’s super cyclone in 1999, the Bhuj earthquake in January 2001 and the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004. These events represent contrasting earthquake, cyclone and coastal inundation hazards.
Q72. Consider earthquake S-waves:
1. They produce crests and troughs in the material.
2. Their vibration is perpendicular to their direction of propagation.
Which are correct?
[CDS-I General Knowledge – 13 Apr 2025 | 2025]
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C. Both 1 and 2
Explanation: S-waves are transverse shear waves; particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction the wave travels. They may deform a solid up-down or side-to-side. Unlike compressional P-waves, S-waves cannot propagate through the Earth’s liquid outer core.
Q71. Which cyclone affected the Tamil Nadu coastal region during November–December 2024?
[MPPSC Prelims – 2025 | 2025]
A. Asna
B. Dana
C. Biparjoy
D. Fengal
Answer: D. Fengal
Explanation: Cyclone Fengal developed over the Bay of Bengal and affected Tamil Nadu and nearby Puducherry in late 2024. The storm produced heavy rainfall and flooding. It illustrates the danger of post-monsoon cyclones striking India’s southeastern coastline.
