70. Which activities remained subject to industrial licensing after the 1991 liberalisation?
[SSC CGL Tier-I, 24 September 2025 Shift 2 — 2025]
(A) Defence and telecommunications
(B) Alcohol, cigarettes and explosives
(C) Textiles and fertilisers
(D) Agriculture and education
Answer: (B) Alcohol, cigarettes and explosives
Explanation: The 1991 industrial policy abolished compulsory licensing for most industries but retained it for selected sensitive activities. Alcoholic beverages, tobacco products and explosives are examples associated with continued licensing requirements. The exception reflected safety, public health and strategic regulatory concerns.
69. Consider:
I. Chennai is known as the Detroit of India.
II. This nickname arises from Chennai’s leadership in petrochemical manufacturing.
Which statement is correct?
[SSC CGL Tier-I, 23 September 2025 Shift 2 — 2025]
(A) Both correct, II explains I
(B) Both correct, II does not explain I
(C) I correct, II incorrect
(D) I incorrect, II correct
Answer: (C) I correct, II incorrect
Explanation: Chennai earned the Detroit comparison because of its concentration of automobile assembly and component manufacturers. The expression does not primarily refer to petrochemical production. Its vehicle manufacturing cluster benefits from suppliers, skilled workers, logistics and transport connections.
68. Which state produced the most iron ore in India in 2023–24?
[CGPSC Prelims, 9 February 2025 — 2025]
(A) Odisha
(B) Karnataka
(C) Chhattisgarh
(D) Jharkhand
Answer: (A) Odisha
Explanation: Odisha led India’s iron-ore production in the specified financial year. Mineral-rich districts such as Keonjhar and Sundargarh support extensive mines and related logistics. Iron ore supplies the steel sector, linking mineral production with heavy industry, construction and infrastructure.
67. Under Indian CSR rules, consider:
1. Expenditure directly benefiting a company’s employees or normal business does not qualify as CSR.
2. No minimum CSR expenditure is prescribed.
Which statements are correct?
[UPSC CSE Prelims — 2024]
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (A) 1 only
Explanation: Eligible companies must comply with the statutory CSR spending framework, generally linked to two per cent of average net profits over three preceding financial years. Spending serving employees alone or ordinary commercial operations is excluded from qualifying CSR. Hence only the first statement holds.
66. A steel plant gets coal from Jharia, iron ore from Sundargarh and Keonjhar, electricity from Hirakud and water from the Koel–Sankh river system. Identify it.
[UPSC NDA, General Ability, 21 April 2024 — 2024]
(A) Bhilai Steel Plant
(B) Durgapur Steel Plant
(C) Rourkela Steel Plant
(D) Bokaro Steel Plant
Answer: (C) Rourkela Steel Plant
Explanation: The resource and river clues point to Rourkela in Odisha. Its location connects iron-ore sources, coal supplies, hydropower and the Koel–Sankh river system. The steelworks arose with West German technical collaboration and became an important public-sector integrated plant.
65. Which is a public-sector industrial enterprise?
[SSC CGL Tier-I, 13 September 2024 Shift 2 — 2024]
(A) BHEL
(B) Reliance
(C) Tata
(D) Adani
Answer: (A) BHEL
Explanation: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited is a government-controlled engineering and manufacturing enterprise. It supplies power-generation equipment and products for important industrial and infrastructure uses. Reliance, Tata and Adani are associated with privately controlled corporate groups, so they do not satisfy the question’s ownership classification.
64. Which is a private-sector industrial enterprise in India?
[SSC CGL Tier-I, 17 September 2024 Shift 1 — 2024]
(A) Steel Authority of India Limited
(B) Tata Iron and Steel Company
(C) Oil India Limited
(D) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
Answer: (B) Tata Iron and Steel Company
Explanation: Tata Steel, formerly Tata Iron and Steel Company, is a privately controlled enterprise. SAIL, Oil India and BHEL are public-sector companies with government ownership. This question tests industrial ownership rather than the type of commodity a particular firm manufactures.
63. Which was NOT associated with the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I, 1 July 2024 Shift 3 — 2024]
(A) Industrial licensing for private enterprises
(B) Three industrial categories
(C) Basis of the Third Five-Year Plan
(D) Promotion of regional equality
Answer: (C) Basis of the Third Five-Year Plan
Explanation: The 1956 resolution shaped industrial development during the Second Five-Year Plan and reflected the Mahalanobis emphasis on basic and heavy industry. It divided industries into three schedules and retained licensing mechanisms. It was not specifically the basis of the Third Plan.
62. Into how many broad classes did the 1948 Industrial Policy Resolution divide large-scale industries?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I, 2 July 2024 Shift 2 — 2024]
(A) Five
(B) Three
(C) Two
(D) Four
Answer: (D) Four
Explanation: India’s first post-Independence industrial policy was issued in 1948. It separated industries into four broad categories according to strategic significance and the intended roles of public and private ownership. This arrangement preceded the three-schedule framework later adopted in 1956.
61. Which is NOT among India’s eight core industries?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I, 8 July 2024 Shift 1 — 2024]
(A) Jute
(B) Crude oil
(C) Electricity
(D) Fertilisers
Answer: (A) Jute
Explanation: The eight core industries are coal, crude oil, natural gas, petroleum refinery products, fertilizers, steel, cement and electricity. Jute manufacturing is economically important, especially in eastern India, but it is not included in this particular index of infrastructure-linked industries.
