Q60. Which organisation developed the Vikram 3201 and Kalpana 3201 microprocessors for Indian space missions?
[SSC CHSL 2025 Tier I, 26 November 2025 (Shift 3)]
A. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
B. DRDO
C. ISRO
D. Bharat Electronics Limited
Answer: C. ISRO
Explanation: ISRO developed the Vikram and Kalpana series of space-use processors to strengthen India’s indigenous spacecraft electronics. Radiation-tolerant onboard computing supports guidance, telemetry, real-time processing and reliable operation in the challenging launch and space environments.
Q59. What is a principal scientific objective of the proposed Shukrayaan-1 mission?
[SSC CGL, 26 September 2025 (Shift 1)]
A. Studying Venus’s surface and atmosphere
B. Observing near-Earth asteroids only
C. Exploring Saturn’s rings
D. Studying the atmosphere of Mars
Answer: A. Studying Venus’s surface and atmosphere
Explanation: Shukrayaan refers to India’s planned Venus exploration effort. Studying the planet’s atmosphere, surface and interaction with the solar wind could illuminate extreme greenhouse conditions and the evolution of rocky planets.
Q58. Which technology helped the Chandrayaan-3 Vikram lander identify hazardous terrain and avoid it during descent?
[SSC CGL, 26 September 2025 (Shift 2)]
A. Lander Hazard Detection and Avoidance Camera and Processing Algorithm
B. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
C. Laser Doppler Imaging and AI-assisted navigation
D. Laser Doppler Velocimeter
Answer: A. Lander Hazard Detection and Avoidance Camera and Processing Algorithm
Explanation: Chandrayaan-3 used a Lander Hazard Detection and Avoidance Camera with dedicated onboard image processing to assess the landing area. This autonomous hazard-detection capability helped choose a safer touchdown region, complementing navigation, attitude-control and altitude-measurement systems.
Q57. Assertion: PSLV is considered ISRO’s workhorse.
Reason: It launches many payload types into different orbits with a strong service record.
Choose the correct statement.
[SSC CGL, 12 September 2025 (Shift 3)]
A. Both true and Reason correctly explains Assertion
B. Both true but Reason does not explain Assertion
C. Assertion true but Reason false
D. Assertion false but Reason true
Answer: A. Both true and Reason correctly explains Assertion
Explanation: PSLV earned the description workhorse because of its extensive operational record and flexible mission profiles. It has placed remote-sensing, navigation and smaller scientific payloads into multiple orbital configurations, carrying both Indian and international spacecraft.
Q56. What is the name of ISRO’s reusable launch-vehicle technology demonstrator?
[SSC Selection Post (Matriculation), 25 July 2025 (Shift 1)]
A. PSLV-R
B. GSLV-X
C. RLV-TD
D. MLV-1
Answer: C. RLV-TD
Explanation: RLV-TD stands for Reusable Launch Vehicle–Technology Demonstrator. ISRO developed it to test technologies such as autonomous navigation, re-entry and landing that could eventually reduce the cost of access to space.
Q55. What key capability is being tested for India’s proposed Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV)?
[SSC Stenographer, 08 August 2025 (Shift 1)]
A. Reusable booster with semi-cryogenic propulsion
B. Quantum-entanglement control
C. Ramjet-only orbital ascent
D. Orbital drop pods
Answer: A. Reusable booster with semi-cryogenic propulsion
Explanation: The NGLV concept combines substantially greater lift capability with reusability and advanced propulsion. Semi-cryogenic engine development is a central technology route for more economical, heavy-payload access to space.
Q54. Which ISRO launch mission placed 104 satellites into orbit in a single flight?
[SSC Stenographer, 06 August 2025 (Shift 1)]
A. AstroSat
B. GSLV Mk III
C. Chandrayaan-2
D. PSLV-C37
Answer: D. PSLV-C37
Explanation: PSLV-C37 launched 104 satellites on 15 February 2017, including the Cartosat-2 series primary satellite and numerous nanosatellites. The mission became an important demonstration of India’s satellite-deployment and multiple-payload capabilities.
Q53. Match:
A. Chandrayaan-3,
B. Aditya-L1,
C. INSAT-3DS,
D. RLV-LEX-01
with dates
1. 2-Sep-2023,
2. 17-Feb-2024,
3. 14-Jul-2023,
4. 2-Apr-2023.
[UPPSC PCS Prelims 2025, GS-I]
A. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
B. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
C. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
D. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
Answer: B. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
Explanation: Chandrayaan-3 launched in July 2023; Aditya-L1 in September 2023; the meteorological INSAT-3DS in February 2024; and the RLV autonomous landing experiment took place in April 2023. The matching sequence is therefore 3–1–2–4.
Q52. Who founded the Indian Space Research Organisation and is widely called the father of the Indian space programme?
[RPF SI CBT-I, 02 December 2024 (Shift 1)]
A. Vikram Sarabhai
B. Satish Dhawan
C. Homi J. Bhabha
D. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Answer: A. Vikram Sarabhai
Explanation: Vikram Sarabhai helped establish INCOSPAR in 1962 and guided the formation of ISRO in 1969. He envisioned using space technology for national development in communications, education, meteorology and natural-resource management.
Q51. Which type of launch vehicle put India’s Aditya-L1 solar mission into space?
[RPF SI CBT-I, 03 December 2024 (Shift 3)]
A. Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
B. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle–XL
C. Satellite Launch Vehicle-3
D. GSLV Mk III
Answer: B. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle–XL
Explanation: Aditya-L1 was launched on 2 September 2023 using PSLV-C57 in its XL configuration. The launcher placed the spacecraft on its initial path, after which manoeuvres brought it toward the Sun–Earth L1 region.
