Q30. Which is the most important protein component in milk, both quantitatively and nutritionally, that accounts for about 80% of the total protein in bovine milk?
[SSC CGL Tier-I, 19 September 2024, Shift 3]
(A) Actin
(B) Albumin
(C) Pepsin
(D) Casein
Answer: (D) Casein
Explanation: Casein is the principal protein fraction in cow milk and constitutes roughly four-fifths of its total protein. It forms micelles that carry calcium and phosphate. The remaining substantial fraction consists mainly of whey proteins, including beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin.
Q29. Scurvy is a disease caused by the deficiency of:
[CGPSC Preliminary Examination, 11 February 2024]
(A) Vitamin B2
(B) Vitamin A
(C) Vitamin C
(D) None of the above
Answer: (C) Vitamin C
Explanation: Scurvy results from prolonged deficiency of vitamin C, which the body needs to produce healthy collagen. Typical signs include bleeding gums, bruising and impaired wound healing. Fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits and amla, provide dietary vitamin C.
Q28. Which of the following food additives have nutritive value?
[SSC JE Electrical Paper-I, 10 October 2023, Shift 2]
(A) Food colours
(B) Antioxidants
(C) Nutritional supplements
(D) Preservatives
Answer: (C) Nutritional supplements
Explanation: Nutritional supplements may add vitamins, minerals or other dietary nutrients to foods, thereby increasing their nutritive value. Preservatives primarily delay spoilage, colours modify appearance and many antioxidants protect food components from oxidation rather than directly supply required nutrients.
Q27. Which vitamin is synthesised in the presence of sunlight in our body?
[SSC CHSL Tier-I, 8 August 2023, Shift 2]
(A) Vitamin B
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin A
Answer: (C) Vitamin D
Explanation: Ultraviolet B radiation initiates vitamin D3 formation in exposed skin from a cholesterol-derived compound. Vitamin D helps regulate calcium and phosphate absorption, contributing to healthy bones and teeth. Deficiency can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
Q26. Vitamins and minerals are helpful for which of the following?
[SSC CGL Tier-I, 24 July 2023, Shift 1]
(A) Proper breathing
(B) Proper sweating
(C) Proper fat storage
(D) Carry out metabolic reactions in our body
Answer: (D) Carry out metabolic reactions in our body
Explanation: Many vitamins act as coenzymes or assist enzymes, while minerals provide structural or catalytic functions. They therefore support metabolic reactions involved in energy release, tissue formation and normal physiology. Their roles extend beyond any single process such as sweating or breathing.
Q25. Match the nutrients with their correct sources:
i. Protein-rich food;
ii. Fat-rich food;
iii. Carbohydrate-rich food;
iv. Vitamin C-rich food.
Sources:
a. Wheat;
b. Lemon;
c. Egg white;
d. Butter and cheese.
[SSC CGL Tier-I, 17 July 2023, Shift 1]
(A) i–c, ii–a, iii–b, iv–d
(B) i–c, ii–d, iii–b, iv–a
(C) i–c, ii–d, iii–a, iv–b
(D) i–d, ii–c, iii–b, iv–a
Answer: (C) i–c, ii–d, iii–a, iv–b
Explanation: Egg white contains substantial protein; butter and cheese supply fat; wheat is mainly a carbohydrate-containing cereal; and lemon provides vitamin C. Matching these representative sources tests the broad nutritional composition of common foods rather than their exact nutrient percentages.
Q24. Seaweeds are important source of:
[UPPSC PCS Prelims GS Paper-I, 14 May 2023]
(A) Iodine
(B) Argon
(C) Bromine
(D) Chlorine
Answer: (A) Iodine
Explanation: Many marine seaweeds concentrate iodine from seawater. Iodine is necessary for synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolic activity and development. The iodine content varies greatly among seaweed species, and excessive intake can also disturb thyroid function.
Q23. Match:
i. Kwashiorkor; ii. Weak bones and muscles; iii. Anaemia; iv. Goitre.
Deficiencies: a. Iodine; b. Iron; c. Calcium; d. Protein.
[SSC CGL Tier-I, 6 December 2022, Shift 2]
(A) i–c, ii–b, iii–d, iv–a
(B) i–b, ii–a, iii–c, iv–d
(C) i–d, ii–c, iii–b, iv–a
(D) i–b, ii–c, iii–a, iv–d
Answer: (C) i–d, ii–c, iii–b, iv–a
Explanation: Kwashiorkor is associated with severe protein malnutrition; inadequate calcium may weaken bones; iron deficiency can produce anaemia; and iodine deficiency can enlarge the thyroid gland, causing goitre. The matching exercise links essential nutrients with characteristic deficiency conditions.
Q22. Match the vitamins with their alternative names:
i. Vitamin A; ii. Vitamin B12; iii. Vitamin C; iv. Vitamin D.
Names: a. Ascorbic acid; b. Retinol; c. Cobalamin; d. Ergocalciferol.
[SSC CGL Tier-I, 1 December 2022, Shift 3]
(A) i–b, ii–a, iii–c, iv–d
(B) i–a, ii–b, iii–c, iv–d
(C) i–c, ii–b, iii–d, iv–a
(D) i–b, ii–c, iii–a, iv–d
Answer: (D) i–b, ii–c, iii–a, iv–d
Explanation: Retinol is a form of vitamin A, cobalamin denotes vitamin B12 and ascorbic acid is vitamin C. Ergocalciferol is vitamin D2. Recognising these chemical names is useful in understanding dietary labels, pharmaceutical formulations and deficiency disorders.
Q21. Which of the following processes prevents the growth of microbes in milk?
[MP Vyapam Sub Engineer (Civil), 7 November 2022, Shift 2]
(A) Anaerobic respiration
(B) Pasteurisation
(C) Cellular respiration
(D) Fermentation
Answer: (B) Pasteurisation
Explanation: Pasteurisation applies controlled heat to milk to reduce disease-causing microorganisms and other vegetative microbes. It improves safety and shelf life without being equivalent to complete sterilisation. Cooling and hygienic handling remain important after pasteurisation to prevent renewed contamination.
