Q80. Which element is essential for the thyroid gland to synthesise thyroxine?
[RRB Group D, 18 August 2026, Shift 1 (memory-based paper)]
(A) Iodine
(B) Calcium
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Iron
Answer: (A) Iodine
Explanation: Iodine is incorporated into thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Inadequate iodine intake may reduce thyroid-hormone production and cause goitre. Iodised salt is a major public-health measure against iodine-deficiency disorders. This attribution comes from a memory-based paper rather than an official question booklet.
Q79. Which statements about the pituitary are correct?
(a) It has adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis;
(b) it secretes FSH;
(c) it secretes MSH;
(d) it does not secrete prolactin.
[RE-NEET 2026, Biology]
(A) (b) and (c) only
(B) (a) and (b) only
(C) (a), (b) and (c) only
(D) (c) and (d) only
Answer: (C) (a), (b) and (c) only
Explanation: The pituitary has anterior and posterior divisions. The adenohypophysis synthesises FSH, prolactin and other hormones; the pars intermedia produces MSH, especially in textbook descriptions. Therefore statement (d) is false because prolactin is secreted by anterior-pituitary lactotrophs.
Q78. Match:
(A) excess growth hormone, (B) LH, (C) vasopressin, (D) oxytocin
with (I) kidney water reabsorption, (II) uterine contraction, (III) acromegaly, (IV) ovulation.
[RE-NEET 2026, Biology]
(A) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
(B) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
(C) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
(D) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Answer: (C) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
Explanation: Excess growth hormone after puberty causes acromegaly. An LH surge triggers ovulation. Vasopressin, or ADH, promotes renal water conservation, while oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection. These four actions belong to different endocrine control pathways.
Q77. Match the hormones: (A) cortisol, (B) aldosterone, (C) cholecystokinin, (D) progesterone
with (I) mammary alveolar development, (II) anti-inflammatory action, (III) renal sodium-water retention, (IV) pancreatic-enzyme and bile secretion.
[NEET 2026, Biology]
(A) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(B) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
(C) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(D) A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
Answer: (A) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
Explanation: Cortisol is an adrenal glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory effects. Aldosterone favours sodium retention and indirectly water retention. Intestinal cholecystokinin stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction. Progesterone participates in mammary gland development and pregnancy support.
Q76. What is the primary function of human growth hormone?
[SSC CHSL Tier I, 28 November 2025, Shift 3]
(A) Controlling only fat digestion
(B) Lowering blood glucose directly
(C) Maintaining body temperature only
(D) Regulating growth and development of the body
Answer: (D) Regulating growth and development of the body
Explanation: Growth hormone, or somatotropin, comes from the anterior pituitary. It promotes tissue growth directly and through insulin-like growth factor 1, chiefly produced in the liver. Deficiency during childhood may impair growth, while excess can cause gigantism or acromegaly.
Q75. Which endocrine organs release hormones associated with puberty in human females?
[SSC CHSL Tier I, 24 November 2025, Shift 1]
(A) Ovaries
(B) Pancreas
(C) Pineal gland
(D) Hypothalamus only
Answer: (A) Ovaries
Explanation: The ovaries produce oestrogens and progesterone, which help regulate female reproductive development and menstrual cycles. The hypothalamus and pituitary help control the ovaries through GnRH, FSH and LH, but the ovaries are the principal gonadal endocrine organs.
Q74. Which organs of the female reproductive system produce sex hormones?
[RRB Group D, 3 December 2025, Shift 2]
(A) Salivary glands
(B) Cervix
(C) Ovaries
(D) Fallopian tubes
Answer: (C) Ovaries
Explanation: The ovaries have both reproductive and endocrine functions. Their follicles produce oestrogens, while the corpus luteum produces substantial progesterone after ovulation. Together these hormones regulate secondary sexual characteristics, the uterine lining and preparation for potential pregnancy.
Q73. Which gland is commonly called the master gland of the human body?
[SSC CGL Tier I, 12 September 2025, Shift 1 (reported paper)]
(A) Thyroid
(B) Adrenal
(C) Pituitary
(D) Pancreas
Answer: (C) Pituitary
Explanation: The pituitary secretes several tropic hormones, including TSH, ACTH, FSH and LH, that regulate other endocrine glands. The title master gland is conventional; the hypothalamus actually directs much pituitary activity through neural and releasing-hormone signals.
Q72. Which hormone released by the pituitary is actually synthesised in the hypothalamus?
[NEET 2025, Biology]
(A) FSH
(B) ACTH
(C) LH
(D) Antidiuretic hormone
Answer: (D) Antidiuretic hormone
Explanation: ADH, also called vasopressin, is produced in hypothalamic nuclei and transported along axons to the posterior pituitary, where it is stored and released. FSH, ACTH and LH are synthesised by endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary.
Q71. Why is ordinary insulin generally not administered by mouth to treat diabetes?
[NEET 2025, Biology]
(A) It is a steroid
(B) Digestion breaks down its peptide structure
(C) It has no receptors
(D) It is only active in the stomach
Answer: (B) Digestion breaks down its peptide structure
Explanation: Insulin is a protein hormone. If swallowed without special protective delivery technology, gastric acid and digestive proteases degrade it, preventing reliable absorption of intact biologically active hormone. Therefore insulin therapy is traditionally given by injection or other non-oral routes.