30. Financial Emergency can be declared under which Article of the Constitution?
[RRB NTPC CBT-II (Level 2), 16 June 2022, Shift 2]
(A) Article 356
(B) Article 359
(C) Article 360
(D) Article 352
Answer: (C) Article 360
Explanation: Article 360 authorizes the President to proclaim a Financial Emergency if the financial stability or credit of India or its territory is threatened. Despite past economic crises, this constitutional proclamation has not been used.
29. The President may proclaim a National Emergency on the written advice of whom?
[WBCS Mains 2021, held May 2022, Paper V]
(A) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(B) Prime Minister alone
(C) Chief Justice of India
(D) Union Cabinet
Answer: (D) Union Cabinet
Explanation: A National Emergency proclamation requires a written decision of the Union Cabinet, rather than advice by the Prime Minister alone. This safeguard is set out in Article 352(3) following the 44th Constitutional Amendment.
28. Article 352 of the Indian Constitution relates to which subject?
[WBCS Mains 2021, held May 2022, Paper V]
(A) Centre–State relations
(B) Supreme Court jurisdiction
(C) State Emergency
(D) National Emergency
Answer: (D) National Emergency
Explanation: Article 352 governs National Emergency when war, external aggression or armed rebellion threatens the country’s security. State Emergency or President’s Rule falls under Article 356, and Financial Emergency under Article 360.
27. Which type is NOT mentioned as an Emergency in the Constitution of India?
[UPSC CDS I, 10 April 2022, General Knowledge]
(A) National Emergency
(B) State Emergency through President’s Rule
(C) Financial Emergency
(D) Health Emergency
Answer: (D) Health Emergency
Explanation: Part XVIII recognizes National Emergency, constitutional failure in states and Financial Emergency. The Constitution does not establish a separate category named Health Emergency, although epidemics may be addressed through ordinary legislative and executive powers.
26. Article ______ of the Constitution deals with “Proclamation of Emergency.”
[SSC MTS 2020 cycle, held 2 November 2021, Shift 1]
(A) 235
(B) 352
(C) 325
(D) 253
Answer: (B) 352
Explanation: Article 352 empowers the President to proclaim a National Emergency when the security of India or part of its territory is threatened by war, external aggression or armed rebellion, subject to strict constitutional safeguards.
25. In 1959, the Union Government assumed administration of Kerala under which Article?
[SSC CHSL 2020 cycle, held 12 April 2021, Shift 3]
(A) Article 352
(B) Article 360
(C) Article 349
(D) Article 356
Answer: (D) Article 356
Explanation: Kerala’s elected government headed by E. M. S. Namboodiripad was dismissed in 1959, and President’s Rule was imposed under Article 356. This is a State constitutional emergency, not a National or Financial Emergency.
24. Who is empowered to declare State Emergency when a State cannot be governed constitutionally?
[RRB NTPC CBT-I, 12 March 2021, Shift 1]
(A) President of India
(B) Chief Justice of the High Court
(C) Governor of the State
(D) Attorney General of India
Answer: (A) President of India
Explanation: Under Article 356, the President proclaims President’s Rule when constitutional administration of a state becomes impossible. The Governor may supply a report, but it is the President who issues the proclamation under the Constitution.
23. Who was the President of India when the 1975 Emergency was proclaimed?
[SSC JE Mechanical, 28 October 2020, Evening]
(A) Giani Zail Singh
(B) B. D. Jatti
(C) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
(D) Zakir Husain
Answer: (C) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Explanation: President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed issued the June 1975 National Emergency proclamation under Article 352, on advice from Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. At that time internal disturbance was still a constitutional ground, which the 44th Amendment later replaced.
22. Which Article of the Constitution contains the provision for a Financial Emergency?
[SSC CHSL, 18 March 2020, Shift 1]
(A) Article 365
(B) Article 356
(C) Article 360
(D) Article 330
Answer: (C) Article 360
Explanation: Article 360 addresses threats to India’s financial stability or credit. The resulting proclamation requires parliamentary approval and may empower directions relating to financial propriety, salaries and consideration of State financial bills.
21. When an Emergency proclamation operates, which Fundamental Rights remain protected from an order suspending enforcement?
[UPSC CDS, 3 February 2019, General Knowledge]
(A) Articles 20 and 21
(B) Articles 21 and 22
(C) Articles 19 and 20
(D) Articles 15 and 16
Answer: (A) Articles 20 and 21
Explanation: The 44th Amendment made Articles 20 and 21 non-suspendable for the purposes of Article 359. These provisions protect against certain criminal-law abuses and secure life and personal liberty even during National Emergency.
