Q40. Which ruler built Tughlaqabad Fort in 1321?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I – 18 March 2026, Shift 3]
A. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
B. Alauddin Khalji
C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Answer: A. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Explanation: Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founded Tughlaqabad as a fortified capital. Its massive rubble masonry, bastions and sloping defensive walls exemplify the austere, fortress-like character of early Tughlaq architecture.
Q39. Which 13th-century monument dating from around 1193 CE was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak?
[RRB NTPC Graduate CBT-I – 18 March 2026, Shift 2]
A. Red Fort
B. Qutub Minar
C. Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid
D. Jama Masjid
Answer: C. Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid
Explanation: Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in the Qutb complex was commissioned by Aibak following the Ghurid conquest. Later rulers, particularly Iltutmish and Alauddin Khalji, enlarged the complex.
Q38. Which was the main mosque of Jahanpanah, the new capital built by Muhammad bin Tughlaq?
[DSSSB PRT – 17 February 2026, Shift 2]
A. Begumpuri Mosque
B. Mecca Masjid
C. Moti Masjid
D. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
Answer: A. Begumpuri Mosque
Explanation: Begumpuri Mosque functioned as Jahanpanah’s principal congregational mosque. Its massive courtyard, imposing entrance and numerous domes represent characteristic features of Tughlaq-period religious architecture.
Q37. Which of the following is a famous historical gateway located at Gaur in West Bengal?
[SSC MTS – 9 February 2026, Shift 2]
A. Dakhil Darwaza
B. Buland Darwaza
C. Rumi Darwaza
D. Alai Darwaza
Answer: A. Dakhil Darwaza
Explanation: Dakhil Darwaza belongs to Bengal’s provincial Sultanate architectural tradition at Gaur. It illustrates how Indo-Islamic architecture developed distinctive regional forms beyond the Delhi Sultanate’s core territory.
Q36. Which Delhi Sultan is credited with completing the major construction of Qutub Minar in the early 13th century?
[Kerala PSC, Archaeology Department – 3 February 2026]
A. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
B. Iltutmish
C. Alauddin Khalji
D. Balban
Answer: B. Iltutmish
Explanation: Aibak completed only the initial portion of Qutub Minar. His successor Iltutmish added three storeys, giving the monument much of its surviving early structural form.
Q35. The earliest phase of Indo-Islamic architecture, associated with increasing use of the arcuate system and true arch, emerged under which Delhi Sultanate dynasty?
[Kerala PSC, Archaeology Department – 3 February 2026]
A. Slave/Mamluk Dynasty
B. Tughlaq Dynasty
C. Mughal Dynasty
D. Lodi Dynasty
Answer: A. Slave/Mamluk Dynasty
Explanation: Early Indo-Islamic experimentation began under Mamluk rulers. Initially indigenous craftsmen often used corbelled techniques, while knowledge of the true arch developed progressively during the Sultanate period.
Q34. What is Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra?
[MP Police SI – 19 January 2026, Shift 2
A. Temple
B. Saints’ huts
C. Mosque
D. Tower
Answer: C. Mosque
Explanation: Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra at Ajmer was adapted into a mosque under Qutb-ud-din Aibak. Its surviving pillars and Islamic arched screen reveal a striking early architectural synthesis.
Q33. Assertion (A): Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra was originally a Sanskrit college built by Vigraharaja IV.
Reason (R): The building is an example of Hindu-Islamic architectural synthesis.
[Rajasthan 3rd Grade PRT Level-I – 17 January 2026, Shift 1]
A. Both A and R are correct, and R correctly explains A
B. Both A and R are correct, but R does not correctly explain A
C. A is correct, but R is incorrect
D. A is incorrect, but R is correct
Answer: B. Both A and R are correct, but R does not correctly explain A
Explanation: The Sanskrit educational complex is associated with Vigraharaja IV and was later adapted into a mosque. Its composite architecture is true, but that fact does not explain its original foundation.
Q32. Which Lodi ruler is credited with founding the city of Agra and introducing the standardised land measure called Sikandari Gaj?
[Delhi Police Head Constable – 12 January 2026, Shift 3]
A. Daulat Khan Lodi
B. Sikandar Lodi
C. Bahlul Lodi
D. Ibrahim Lodi
Answer: B. Sikandar Lodi
Explanation: Sikandar Lodi established Agra as an important urban centre and administrative base. Lodi urban development accompanied architectural innovations such as octagonal tombs, gardens and early double-dome experimentation.
Q31. The Alai Darwaza, the grand gateway of the Qutb complex, was built by which Sultan?
[Delhi Police Constable Executive – 3 January 2026, Shift 2]
A. Iltutmish
B. Balban
C. Alauddin Khalji
D. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Answer: C. Alauddin Khalji
Explanation: Alauddin Khalji commissioned Alai Darwaza in 1311. Its carefully constructed arches, dome, red sandstone, marble decoration and geometric ornament mark a major advance in Indo-Islamic architecture.
