Q120. Of the following claims on the 1935 Act, which are true: enacted by Parliament; distinguished India from Burma; began on 1 April 1935?
[SSC MTS (4 September 2023, Shift 3)]
(A) First and second only
(B) All three
(C) Second and third only
(D) First and third only
Answer: (A) First and second only
Explanation: The 1935 Act was enacted by Britain’s Parliament and included provision for separating Burma from British India. Its principal provincial provisions came into effect in 1937, so the claim that the Act commenced on 1 April 1935 is false.
Q119. The Morley–Minto Reforms are associated with the Indian Councils Act of which year?
[SSC CHSL Tier I (14 August 2023, Shift 3)]
(A) 1909
(B) 1919
(C) 1862
(D) 1935
Answer: (A) 1909
Explanation: The Indian Councils Act, 1909 is the Morley–Minto legislation. It enlarged legislatures and instituted separate electorates for Muslims. In contrast, the Government of India Act of 1919 incorporated the Montagu–Chelmsford reforms and provincial dyarchy.
Q118. Who introduced a resolution on local self-government to promote political education at the local level?
[SSC CGL Tier I (25 July 2023, Shift 3)]
(A) Lord Ripon
(B) Lord Mayo
(C) Lord Canning
(D) Lord Lytton
Answer: (A) Lord Ripon
Explanation: Ripon emphasized political education through elected local institutions in 1882. The measure promoted the participation of non-official members in municipal and district boards. Its importance was representative training rather than mere administrative savings or revenue collection.
Q117. In what year did the British Parliament pass the Regulating Act?
[SSC MTS (14 June 2023, Shift 2)]
(A) 1775
(B) 1876
(C) 1877
(D) 1773
Answer: (D) 1773
Explanation: The Regulating Act was passed in 1773 to address the Company’s financial troubles and regulate its territorial administration. It created the office of Governor-General of Bengal and provided for a Supreme Court at Calcutta.
Q116. Which committee was associated with reform of Indian public services in 1886?
[MP Forest Guard/Jail Prahari (6 June 2023, Shift 3)]
(A) Raleigh Commission
(B) Campbell Commission
(C) Aitchison Committee
(D) Hunter Committee
Answer: (C) Aitchison Committee
Explanation: The 1886 Public Service Commission was headed by Sir Charles Aitchison. Its proposals addressed the classification of services and greater provincial recruitment, differentiating imperial, provincial and subordinate branches while leaving important inequalities between British and Indian candidates.
Q115. Which civil-service statement is correct: a Public Service Commission was provided by an Act of 1809, or by the 1919 Government of India Act?
[MP Forest Guard/Jail Prahari (6 June 2023, Shift 2)]
(A) Only the 1809 claim
(B) Only the 1919 claim
(C) Both claims
(D) Neither claim
Answer: (B) Only the 1919 claim
Explanation: The Government of India Act of 1919 provided for a Public Service Commission. An earlier supposed Council of India Act of 1809 made no such provision. India’s first Public Service Commission was subsequently constituted in 1926.
Q114. Which Act redesignated the Governor-General of Bengal as Governor-General of India?
[UPSC CSE Prelims GS (28 May 2023)]
(A) Regulating Act
(B) Pitt’s India Act
(C) Charter Act of 1793
(D) Charter Act of 1833
Answer: (D) Charter Act of 1833
Explanation: The Charter Act of 1833 made the Governor-General of Bengal the Governor-General of India, with broader authority across Company territories. Lord William Bentinck was the first to hold the redesignated office, marking a major step toward administrative centralization.
Q113. Which was the first High Court established under the Indian High Courts Act, 1861?
[SSC MTS (3 May 2023, Shift 1; memory-based paper)]
(A) Allahabad High Court
(B) Bombay High Court
(C) Calcutta High Court
(D) Madras High Court
Answer: (C) Calcutta High Court
Explanation: The Calcutta High Court began functioning in July 1862 under the Indian High Courts Act of 1861. The law authorized consolidation of existing superior courts into new High Courts in presidency towns, an important development in colonial judicial organization.
Q112. Wood’s Despatch of 1854 was related to which sector in British India?
[SSC MTS (2 May 2023, Shift 3)]
(A) Famine relief
(B) Military organization
(C) Textile industry
(D) Education
Answer: (D) Education
Explanation: Sir Charles Wood’s Despatch of 1854 laid out a comprehensive system for education in colonial India. It recommended departments of public instruction, universities and teacher training, helping shape the provincial administration of schooling under British rule.
Q111. From which year did a new system of one civil court and one criminal court in each district operate under Company rule?
[DDA Junior Engineer Civil (1 April 2023, Shift 1)]
(A) 1772
(B) 1773
(C) 1771
(D) 1770
Answer: (A) 1772
Explanation: The 1772 judicial plan introduced district Diwani and Faujdari Adalats as parallel civil and criminal institutions. Warren Hastings’ government developed the arrangement to administer local disputes and criminal justice under increasing East India Company supervision.
