Q20. Who were jailed in the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case of 1924?
[UPSC CAPF Paper-I (18 August 2019)]
(A) Muzaffar Ahmad, S. A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani, Nalini Gupta
(B) Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Usmani
(C) S. A. Dange and S. V. Ghate
(D) Muzaffar Ahmad and S. S. Mirajkar
Answer: (A) Muzaffar Ahmad, S. A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani, Nalini Gupta
Explanation: The Kanpur Bolshevik case prosecuted emerging communists in 1924. Muzaffar Ahmad, S. A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani and Nalini Gupta were among those associated with the proceedings. The colonial government attempted to portray revolutionary communist organisation as a criminal conspiracy.
Q19. Which organisation–founder pairing is NOT correctly matched?
[UPSC CAPF Paper-I (18 August 2019)]
(A) National Liberation Federation—Tej Bahadur Sapru and M. R. Jayakar
(B) Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind—Mahmud Hasan
(C) Congress Democratic Party—B. G. Tilak
(D) Congress Socialist Party—M. N. Roy
Answer: (D) Congress Socialist Party—M. N. Roy
Explanation: M. N. Roy belonged to the early communist movement, whereas the Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934 by leaders including Jayaprakash Narayan and Acharya Narendra Deva. Confusing socialist Congress politics with Roy’s communist organisation causes the incorrect pairing.
Q18. Who was the first president of the All India Trade Union Congress?
[RPF Constable 2018 (8 February 2019)]
(A) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(B) Vallabhbhai Patel
(C) Lala Lajpat Rai
(D) N. M. Joshi
Answer: (C) Lala Lajpat Rai
Explanation: The first AITUC president was Lala Lajpat Rai in 1920. N. M. Joshi was a major organiser, but not the inaugural president. The federation helped articulate workers’ concerns within the broad freedom movement and beyond.
Q17. Who was the first president of the All India Trade Union Congress established in 1920?
[NVS TGT Social Science (2019)]
(A) M. K. Gandhi
(B) Dewan Chaman Lal
(C) Lala Lajpat Rai
(D) Madan Mohan Malaviya
Answer: (C) Lala Lajpat Rai
Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai led the AITUC when it was founded in 1920. Although Gandhi and other nationalist figures supported workers’ issues, they did not hold its first presidency. AITUC became a central federation coordinating trade-union interests.
Q16. Which is the oldest trade-union organisation in India among the following?
[WBPSC Food Sub-Inspector (2019)]
(A) INTUC
(B) CITU
(C) AITUC
(D) BMS
Answer: (C) AITUC
Explanation: AITUC predates the other listed central federations, having been founded in 1920. INTUC emerged after independence, and BMS and CITU appeared later still. This chronology reflects successive waves of organisation in India’s labour movement.
Q15. Who was elected first President of AITUC on 31 October 1920?
[WBCS Prelims (2018)]
(A) V. V. Giri
(B) Subhas Chandra Bose
(C) Lala Lajpat Rai
(D) C. R. Das
Answer: (C) Lala Lajpat Rai
Explanation: The foundation meeting of AITUC in Bombay selected Lala Lajpat Rai as president. Leaders such as V. V. Giri and C. R. Das also took part in the history of organised labour, but the initial officeholder was Lajpat Rai.
Q14. Which organisation was originally established to provide Indian representation at the International Labour Organization?
[UPSC EPFO Labour Enforcement Officer (2018)]
(A) Madras Labour Union
(B) Textile Labour Association
(C) All India Trade Union Congress
(D) Bombay Mill Hands Association
Answer: (C) All India Trade Union Congress
Explanation: AITUC, created in 1920, provided a nationwide labour organisation capable of speaking for Indian workers in international forums. Its establishment followed the ILO’s creation in 1919. Other listed bodies were associated with local or industry-specific labour organisation.
Q13. Kanpur Conspiracy Case was framed against whom in 1924?
[DSSSB TGT Social Studies (15 October 2018, Shift 3)]
(A) Congress
(B) Hindu Mahasabha
(C) Muslim League
(D) Newly emerging communists
Answer: (D) Newly emerging communists
Explanation: The British prosecuted newly emerging communist activists in the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case of 1924. The case centred on allegations of revolutionary plotting against colonial sovereignty. It publicised communist ideas in India despite its purpose of suppressing those ideas.
Q12. Communist Party of India (Marxist) was founded in which year?
[DSSSB TGT Social Studies (15 October 2018, Shift 3)]
(A) 1964
(B) 1984
(C) 1980
(D) 1925
Answer: (A) 1964
Explanation: CPI(M) was created in 1964 when a major group separated from the Communist Party of India. It retained a communist programme but pursued its own organisational path. The original CPI’s formal Indian conference dates to 1925, not 1964.
Q11. What is the guiding principle of the Communist Party of India?
[DSSSB TGT Social Studies (14 November 2018, Shift 1)]
(A) Hindutva
(B) Religious minorities
(C) Marxism–Leninism
(D) Gandhian secularism
Answer: (C) Marxism–Leninism
Explanation: The Communist Party of India has historically identified with Marxism–Leninism, emphasising class relations and socialist transformation. It combined parliamentary participation with mobilisation among workers and peasants. The other listed descriptions do not state the party’s defining political ideology.
