Q50. What do the ovary and the ovule generally develop into after fertilisation in a flowering plant?
[RRB Group D, 4 February 2026, Shift 2]
(A) Ovary becomes seed; ovule becomes fruit
(B) Ovary becomes fruit; ovule becomes seed
(C) Ovary becomes radicle; ovule becomes plumule
(D) Both become cotyledons
Answer: (B) Ovary becomes fruit; ovule becomes seed
Explanation: Following double fertilisation, the ovary typically matures into a fruit, while its ovules become seeds. The ovary wall forms the pericarp, and the integuments form seed coats. These changes protect the developing embryo and assist dispersal.
Q49. The pollen tube growing through the style of a flower ultimately reaches which structure first?
[RRB Group D, 5 February 2026, Shift 2]
(A) Petal
(B) Ovary
(C) Filament
(D) Sepal
Answer: (B) Ovary
Explanation: After pollen germinates on a compatible stigma, the pollen tube passes through the style and enters the ovary. It then approaches an ovule, usually through its micropyle, carrying two male gametes for the fertilisation events inside the embryo sac.
Q48. Which plant among the following produces non-albuminous seeds?
[RE-NEET 2026]
(A) Pea
(B) Wheat
(C) Maize
(D) Barley
Answer: (A) Pea
Explanation: A non-albuminous seed has little or no endosperm remaining at maturity because the developing embryo consumes it. Pea is a standard example, storing reserves in its cotyledons. Wheat, maize and barley retain substantial endosperm and are albuminous.
Q47. Which structures in the female gametophyte guide the incoming pollen tube?
[RE-NEET 2026]
(A) Polar nuclei
(B) Antipodal cells
(C) Synergids
(D) Integuments
Answer: (C) Synergids
Explanation: The two synergids lie beside the egg at the micropylar end of the embryo sac. Their filiform apparatus helps attract and guide the pollen tube. A synergid usually receives the pollen tube and facilitates discharge of the male gametes.
Q46. If an angiosperm has a diploid chromosome number of 36, how many chromosomes normally occur in its endosperm?
[RE-NEET 2026]
(A) 72
(B) 18
(C) 36
(D) 54
Answer: (D) 54
Explanation: In most flowering plants the primary endosperm nucleus is triploid, formed when one male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei. If 2n equals 36, then n equals 18, so the triploid endosperm possesses 54 chromosomes.
Q45. Which type of pollination brings pollen from a genetically different plant of the same species to a stigma?
[NEET 2026]
(A) Autogamy
(B) Geitonogamy
(C) Xenogamy
(D) Cleistogamy
Answer: (C) Xenogamy
Explanation: Xenogamy transfers pollen between flowers borne on different plants of the same species. Unlike autogamy or geitonogamy, it can introduce genetically distinct pollen. This favours recombination and variation in the offspring, although a compatible pollen–pistil interaction remains necessary.
Q44. Which part of an angiosperm is chiefly responsible for sexual reproduction?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 12 August 2025, Shift 3]
(A) Stem
(B) Leaf
(C) Flower
(D) Root
Answer: (C) Flower
Explanation: Flowers bear the reproductive organs of angiosperms. Their stamens form pollen containing the male gametophyte, while carpels enclose ovules with female gametophytes. Pollination and fertilisation within this floral system eventually produce seeds and usually fruits.
Q43. What is the collective term for the male reproductive whorl of a flower?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 22 August 2025, Shift 3]
(A) Gynoecium
(B) Corolla
(C) Androecium
(D) Calyx
Answer: (C) Androecium
Explanation: The androecium comprises all the stamens in a flower. A typical stamen consists of a filament supporting an anther. Pollen develops in microsporangia within the anther, making the androecium the male reproductive whorl of flowering plants.
Q42. Which floral whorl represents the female reproductive system in angiosperms?
[RRB NTPC Undergraduate, 8 August 2025, Shift 3]
(A) Corolla
(B) Androecium
(C) Gynoecium
(D) Calyx
Answer: (C) Gynoecium
Explanation: The gynoecium consists of one or more carpels or pistils. Each typical carpel includes a stigma, style and ovary. Ovules reside in the ovary, while the receptive stigma receives pollen and supports the start of pollen-tube growth.
Q41. What is the principal role of the pollen tube during fertilisation?
[RRB Group D, 4 December 2025, Shift 2]
(A) Forming the fruit wall
(B) Producing all pollen grains
(C) Transporting the ovule to the stigma
(D) Carrying male gametes towards the female gametophyte
Answer: (D) Carrying male gametes towards the female gametophyte
Explanation: A compatible pollen grain germinates on the stigma and produces a pollen tube. This tube extends through the style towards an ovule and delivers two male gametes to the