Q100. Which mountain range lies immediately to the south of the Vindhyan Range, separated by the Narmada Valley?
[RRB NTPC (UG) CBT-I (20 June 2026, Shift 2)]
- (A) Aravalli Range
- (B) Eastern Ghats
- (C) Satpura Range
- (D) Western Ghats
Answer: (C) Satpura Range
Explanation: The Satpura Range lies south of the Vindhyan uplands, with the west-flowing Narmada occupying the intervening tectonic trough. This relationship is central to the structural geography of peninsular India, where ancient faults influence rivers and relief.
Q99. Which mountain range in India is one of the oldest fold mountains in the world?
[RRB NTPC (UG) CBT-I (15 June 2026, Shift 2)]
- (A) Himalayas
- (B) Aravalli Range
- (C) Karakoram Range
- (D) Eastern Ghats
Answer: (B) Aravalli Range
Explanation: The Aravallis represent an ancient orogenic belt dating to Precambrian geological history. Prolonged denudation reduced their original height. The Himalayas and Karakoram instead belong to the much younger mountain-building system created by convergence of Indian and Eurasian plates.
Q98. Which physiographic region of India is formed mainly by alluvium deposited by Himalayan river systems?
[RRB NTPC (UG) CBT-I (14 June 2026, Shift 3)]
- (A) Peninsular Plateau
- (B) Meghalaya Plateau
- (C) Western Coastal Plains
- (D) Northern Plains
Answer: (D) Northern Plains
Explanation: The Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra systems transported immense quantities of sediments from the rising Himalayas. Their deposition gradually filled the northern foreland basin, forming fertile alluvial plains distinctly younger than the crystalline basement of peninsular India.
Q97. Which mountain range is considered the oldest in India?
[SSC GD Constable (4 May 2026, Shift 3)]
- (A) Himalayas
- (B) Aravalli
- (C) Western Ghats
- (D) Eastern Ghats
Answer: (B) Aravalli
Explanation: The Aravalli mountain belt formed during very old Precambrian tectonic events and underwent extensive erosion. It is conventionally described as India’s oldest fold mountain system, unlike the geologically young Himalayas created by India’s collision with Eurasia.
Q96. Which soil is found in the Deccan Trap area of the Peninsular Plateau?
[OSSSC Forest Guard/Forester/Excise Constable (2 May 2026, Shift 2)]
- (A) Red and Yellow soil
- (B) Black soil
- (C) Laterite soil
- (D) Alluvial soil
Answer: (B) Black soil
Explanation: Black or regur soil develops extensively over weathered basalt of the Deccan Traps. Its clay-rich character allows substantial moisture retention, explaining its association with cotton cultivation. Alluvial soil, by contrast, is chiefly related to river deposition.
Q95. In which direction does the Aravalli Range extend?
[SSC GD Constable (30 April 2026, Shift 3)]
- (A) North to South
- (B) East to West
- (C) Northeast to Southwest
- (D) Northwest to Southeast
Answer: (C) Northeast to Southwest
Explanation: The Aravalli alignment runs roughly southwestward from the Delhi region through Rajasthan toward Gujarat. This northeast–southwest structural trend reflects the orientation of the ancient mountain belt and is significant for Rajasthan’s regional geology and physiography.
Q94. Which mountain range is tectonically young and structurally unstable?
[OSSSC Forest Guard/Forester/Excise Constable (28 April 2026, Shift 3)]
- (A) Satpura
- (B) Himalayas
- (C) Aravalli
- (D) Eastern Ghats
Answer: (B) Himalayas
Explanation: The Himalayas arose from continuing convergence of the Indian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. Because uplift and deformation persist, the region experiences active faulting and earthquakes. Peninsular ranges are generally older and comparatively more stable.
Q93. What is the primary origin of the Himalayan mountains?
[NCL Assistant Foreman, Electrical (26 April 2026, Shift 2)]
- (A) Tectonic
- (B) Sedimentary
- (C) Metamorphic
- (D) Volcanic
Answer: (A) Tectonic
Explanation: The Himalayan system developed through tectonic convergence and continental collision. Former Tethyan sediments were compressed, folded and uplifted when the Indian continental plate encountered Eurasia. Sedimentary rocks occur there, but their presence alone does not explain mountain formation.
Q92. Which Indian mountain range is described as young, weak and flexible in geological structure?
[NCL Assistant Foreman, Mechanical (26 April 2026, Shift 3)]
- (A) Aravalli Range
- (B) Peninsular Block
- (C) Western Ghats
- (D) Himalayas
Answer: (D) Himalayas
Explanation: The Himalayas comprise strongly deformed rocks within an active collision zone. Their relatively young folded structure contrasts with the ancient crystalline Peninsular Block. Ongoing tectonic movement contributes to uplift, unstable slopes, earthquakes and frequent landslides.
Q91. According to the passage, how were the Himalayas formed?
[OSSSC Forest Guard/Forester/Excise Constable (23 April 2026, Shift 3)]
- (A) Volcanic eruptions beneath the ocean
- (B) Movement of ocean currents
- (C) Gradual movement of glaciers
- (D) Collision of tectonic plates
Answer: (D) Collision of tectonic plates
Explanation: The Himalayas were created as the Indian plate moved north and collided with the Eurasian plate. Crustal shortening compressed and uplifted earlier marine sediments. Glaciers later sculpted the highland landscape but did not create the mountain chain.